scholarly journals Acrylic acid and related dimethylated sulfur compounds in the Bohai and Yellow seas during summer and winter

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 1991-2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Wu ◽  
Pei-Feng Li ◽  
Hong-Hai Zhang ◽  
Mao-Xu Zhu ◽  
Chun-Ying Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Bottom Water ◽  
Bohai Sea ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Sulfur Compounds ◽  
Bacterial Metabolism ◽  
Surface Seawater ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Terrestrial Inputs ◽  
Microbial Consumption

Abstract. Spatiotemporal distributions of dissolved acrylic acid (AAd) and related biogenic sulfur compounds including dimethylsulfide (DMS) and dissolved and total dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSPd and DMSPt) were investigated in the Bohai Sea (BS) and Yellow Sea (YS) during summer and winter. AAd and DMS production from DMSPd degradation and AAd degradation were analyzed. Significant seasonal variations in AAd and DMS(P) were observed. AAd exhibited similar distributions during summer and winter; i.e., relatively high values of AAd occurred in the BS and the northern YS, and the concentrations decreased from inshore to offshore areas in the southern YS. Due to strong biological production from DMSP and abundant terrestrial inputs from rivers in summer, the AAd concentrations in the surface seawater during summer (30.01 nmol L−1) were significantly higher than those during winter (14.98 nmol L−1). The average concentration sequence along the transects during summer (AAd > DMSPt > DMS > DMSPd) showed that particulate DMSP (DMSPp) acted as a DMS producer and that terrestrial sources of AAd were present; in contrast, the sequence in winter was AAd > DMSPt > DMSPd > DMS. High values of AAd and DMS(P) were mostly observed in the upper layers, with occasional high values at the bottom. High AAd concentrations in the porewater, which could be transported to the bottom water, might result from the cleavage of intracellular DMSP and reduce bacterial metabolism in sediments. In addition, the production and degradation rates of biogenic sulfur compounds were significantly higher in summer than in winter, and the removal of AAd was primarily attributed to microbial consumption. Other sources of AAd existed aside from the production from DMSPd.

scholarly journals Acrylic acid and related dimethylated sulfur compounds in the Bohai and Yellow Seas during summer and winter

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Wu ◽  
Pei-Feng Li ◽  
Hong-Hai Zhang ◽  
Mao-Xu Zhu ◽  
Chun-Ying Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Bohai Sea ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Sulfur Compounds ◽  
The Yellow Sea ◽  
Bacterial Metabolism ◽  
The North ◽  
Terrestrial Inputs ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Microbial Consumption

Abstract. Spatio-temporal distributions of acrylic acid (AA) and related biogenic sulfur compounds including dimethylsulfide (DMS) and dissolved and total dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSPd and DMSPt) were investigated in the Bohai Sea (BS) and the Yellow Sea (YS) during summer and winter. AA and DMS production from DMSPd degradation and AA degradation were studied. Significant seasonal variations of AA and DMS(P) were observed. AA presented similar distributions during summer and winter, that is, relatively high values of AA emerged in the BS and the north YS and concentrations decreased from inshore to offshore areas in the south YS. Due to strong biological production from DMSP and abundant terrestrial inputs from rivers in summer, AA concentrations at surface were higher during summer (30.01 nmol L−1) than during winter (14.98 nmol L−1). The average concentration sequence AA>DMSPt>DMS>DMSPd at transects during summer illustrated particulate DMSP (DMSPp) as a DMS producer and terrestrial sources of AA, whereas the sequence in winter was AA>DMSPt>DMSPd>DMS. High values of AA and DMS(P) were mostly observed in the upper layers with occasional high values at bottom. High AA concentrations in porewater which could be transported into the bottom water might result from the cleavage of intracellular DMSP and reduce bacterial metabolism in sediments. In addition, the degradation/production rates of biogenic sulfur compounds were obviously higher in summer than in winter and the removal of AA was mainly attributed to the microbial consumption. Other sources of AA besides the production from DMSPd was also proved.

Biogeochemistry of dimethylsulfoniopropionate, dimethylsulfide and acrylic acid in the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea during autumn

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Liu ◽  
Chun-Ying Liu ◽  
Gui-Peng Yang ◽  
Hong-Hai Zhang ◽  
Sheng-hui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Yellow Sea ◽  
Bohai Sea ◽  
Sulfur Cycle ◽  
The Yellow Sea ◽  
Trace Gas ◽  
The Bohai Sea ◽  
Marginal Seas ◽  
High Concentrations

Environmental context Dimethylsulfide (DMS) is a climatically important biogenic trace gas that is emitted from oceans. This research focuses on the spatiotemporal distributions of DMS and its related compounds, i.e. dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and acrylic acid (AA), and the influencing factors in the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea during autumn. In addition, the sea-to-air flux of DMS, kinetic responses of DMSP consumption as well as DMS and AA production are also investigated. This study is helpful in understanding the marine sulfur cycle in marginal seas in China. Abstract The biogeochemistry of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), dimethylsulfide (DMS) and acrylic acid (AA) in the Yellow Sea (YS) and the Bohai Sea (BS) was investigated in November 2013. The concentrations (and ranges) of total DMSP (DMSPt), dissolved DMSP (DMSPd), DMS and AA in surface waters were 30.71 (1.07–122.50), 6.60 (0.85–35.67), 1.48 (0.53–5.32) and 42.2 (13.8–352.8) nmol L–1 respectively. The concentrations of DMSPd and AA were positively correlated with chlorophyll-a levels, which suggests that phytoplankton biomass has an important function in controlling DMSPd and AA distributions. Furthermore, DMS and AA concentrations revealed significant positive relationships with DMSPd concentrations. The average ratios of AA/(DMSP+AA) and DMS/AA were 53.98 and 7.62% respectively. The vertical profiles of DMSP, DMS and AA were characterised by high concentrations that mostly occur near the surface. Even under highly variable hydrographic conditions, a positive relationship was observed between DMSPt and chlorophyll-a concentrations. The rates of DMSPd consumption, as well as DMS and AA production, significantly varied with marine environments. The sea-to-air fluxes of DMS from the YS and the BS to the atmosphere were estimated to be in the range of 3.01 to 6.91μmol m–2day–1.

scholarly journals Enzymatic Degradation of Acrylic Acid-Grafted Poly(butylene succinate-co-terephthalate) Nanocomposites Fabricated Using Heat Pressing and Freeze-Drying Techniques

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng-Hsiang Lin ◽  
Hsiang-Ting Wang ◽  
Jie-Mao Wang ◽  
Tzong-Ming Wu
Keyword(s):  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Crystallization Rate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Butylene Succinate ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Polymer Backbone ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Organically Modified

Biodegradable acrylic acid-grafted poly(butylene succinate-co-terephthalate) (g-PBST)/organically modified layered zinc phenylphosphonate (m-PPZn) nanocomposites were effectively fabricated containing covalent bonds between the g-PBST and m-PPZn. The results of wide-angle X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the morphology of the g-PBST/m-PPZn nanocomposites contained a mixture of partially exfoliated or intercalated conformations. The isothermal crystallization behavior of the nanocomposites showed that the half-time for crystallization of 5 wt % g-PBST/m-PPZn nanocomposites was less than 1 wt % g-PBST/m-PPZn nanocomposites. This finding reveals that increasing the loading of m-PPZn can increase the crystallization rate of nanocomposites. Degradation tests of g-PBST/m-PPZn nanocomposites fabricated using the heat pressing and the freeze-drying process were performed by lipase from Pseudomonas sp. The degradation rates of g-PBST-50/m-PPZn nanocomposites were significantly lower than those of g-PBST-70/m-PPZn nanocomposites. The g-PBST-50 degraded more slowly due to the higher quantity of aromatic group and increased stiffness of the polymer backbone. The degradation rate of the freeze-drying specimens contained a more extremely porous conformation compared to those fabricated using the heat pressing process.

Changes in the distribution and preservation of silica in the Bohai Sea due to changing terrestrial inputs

2018 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Liu ◽  
Jiaye Zang ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Jihua Liu ◽  
Lex Bouwman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bohai Sea ◽  
The Bohai Sea ◽  
Terrestrial Inputs

scholarly journals Coral-Associated Bacteria and Their Role in the Biogeochemical Cycling of Sulfur

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 3492-3501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Baptiste Raina ◽  
Dianne Tapiolas ◽  
Bette L. Willis ◽  
David G. Bourne
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Sulfur Compounds ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Coral Mucus ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Cooling Effects

ABSTRACT Marine bacteria play a central role in the degradation of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) to dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and acrylic acid, DMS being critical to cloud formation and thereby cooling effects on the climate. High concentrations of DMSP and DMS have been reported in scleractinian coral tissues although, to date, there have been no investigations into the influence of these organic sulfur compounds on coral-associated bacteria. Two coral species, Montipora aequituberculata and Acropora millepora, were sampled and their bacterial communities were characterized by both culture-dependent and molecular techniques. Four genera, Roseobacter, Spongiobacter, Vibrio, and Alteromonas, which were isolated on media with either DMSP or DMS as the sole carbon source, comprised the majority of clones retrieved from coral mucus and tissue 16S rRNA gene clone libraries. Clones affiliated with Roseobacter sp. constituted 28% of the M. aequituberculata tissue libraries, while 59% of the clones from the A. millepora libraries were affiliated with sequences related to the Spongiobacter genus. Vibrio spp. were commonly isolated from DMS and acrylic acid enrichments and were also present in 16S rRNA gene libraries from coral mucus, suggesting that under “normal” environmental conditions, they are a natural component of coral-associated communities. Genes homologous to dddD, and dddL, previously implicated in DMSP degradation, were also characterized from isolated strains, confirming that bacteria associated with corals have the potential to metabolize this sulfur compound when present in coral tissues. Our results demonstrate that DMSP, DMS, and acrylic acid potentially act as nutrient sources for coral-associated bacteria and that these sulfur compounds are likely to play a role in structuring bacterial communities in corals, with important consequences for the health of both corals and coral reef ecosystems.

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