scholarly journals Siberian tree-ring and stable isotope proxies as indicators of temperature and moisture changes after major stratospheric volcanic eruptions

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 685-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga V. Churakova (Sidorova) ◽  
Marina V. Fonti ◽  
Matthias Saurer ◽  
Sébastien Guillet ◽  
Christophe Corona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Climate Dynamics ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Latewood Density ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Stratospheric volcanic eruptions have far-reaching impacts on global climate and society. Tree rings can provide valuable climatic information on these impacts across different spatial and temporal scales. To detect temperature and hydroclimatic changes after strong stratospheric Common Era (CE) volcanic eruptions for the last 1500 years (535 CE unknown, 540 CE unknown, 1257 CE Samalas, 1640 CE Parker, 1815 CE Tambora, and 1991 CE Pinatubo), we measured and analyzed tree-ring width (TRW), maximum latewood density (MXD), cell wall thickness (CWT), and δ13C and δ18O in tree-ring cellulose chronologies of climate-sensitive larch trees from three different Siberian regions (northeastern Yakutia – YAK, eastern Taimyr – TAY, and Russian Altai – ALT). All tree-ring proxies proved to encode a significant and specific climatic signal of the growing season. Our findings suggest that TRW, MXD, and CWT show strong negative summer air temperature anomalies in 536, 541–542, and 1258–1259 at all studied regions. Based on δ13C, 536 was extremely humid at YAK, as was 537–538 in TAY. No extreme hydroclimatic anomalies occurred in Siberia after the volcanic eruptions in 1640, 1815, and 1991, except for 1817 at ALT. The signal stored in δ18O indicated significantly lower summer sunshine duration in 542 and 1258–1259 at YAK and 536 at ALT. Our results show that trees growing at YAK and ALT mainly responded the first year after the eruptions, whereas at TAY, the growth response occurred after 2 years. The fact that differences exist in climate responses to volcanic eruptions – both in space and time – underlines the added value of a multiple tree-ring proxy assessment. As such, the various indicators used clearly help to provide a more realistic picture of the impact of volcanic eruption on past climate dynamics, which is fundamental for an improved understanding of climate dynamics, but also for the validation of global climate models.

scholarly journals Heterogeneous response of Siberian tree-ring and stable isotope proxies to the largest Common Era volcanic eruptions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga V. Churakova ◽  
Marina V. Fonti ◽  
Matthias Saurer ◽  
Sébastien Guillet ◽  
Christophe Corona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Latewood Density ◽  
Common Era

Abstract. Stratospheric volcanic eruptions have far-reaching impacts on global climate and society. Tree rings can provide valuable climatic information on these impacts across different spatial and temporal scales. Here we explore the suitability of tree-ring width (TRW), maximum latewood density (MXD), cell wall thickness (CWT), and δ13C and δ18O in tree-ring cellulose for the detection of climatic changes in northeastern Yakutia (YAK), eastern Taimyr (TAY) and Russian Altai (ALT) sites caused by six largest Common Era stratospheric volcanic eruptions (535, 540, 1257, 1640, 1815 and 1991). Our findings suggest that TRW, MXD, and CWT show strong summer air temperature anomalies in 536, 541–542, 1258–1259 at all study sites. However, they do not reveal distinct and coherent fingerprints after other eruptions. Based on δ13C data, 536 was extremely humid in YAK and TAY, whereas 541 and 542 were humid years in TAY and ALT. In contrast, the 1257 eruption of Samalas likely triggered a sequence of at least two dry summers across all three Siberian sites. No further extreme hydro-climatic anomalies occurred at Siberian sites in the aftermath of the 1991 eruption. Summer sunshine duration decreased significantly in 536, 541–542, 1258–1259 in YAK, and 536 in ALT. Conversely, 1991 was very sunny in YAK. Since climatic responses to large volcanic eruptions are different, and thus affect ecosystem functioning and productivity differently in space and time, a combined assessment of multiple tree-ring parameters is needed to provide a more complete picture of past climate dynamics, which in turns appears fundamental to validate global climate models.

scholarly journals Eco-Physiological Response of Conifers from High-Latitude and -Altitude Eurasian Regions to Stratospheric Volcanic Eruptions

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-24
Author(s):  
Olga V. Churakova (Sidorova) ◽  
Marina V. Fonti ◽  
Alexander V. Kirdyanov ◽  
Vladimir S. Myglan ◽  
Valentin V. Barinov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Radiation Budget ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Maximum Latewood Density ◽  
Latewood Density ◽  
Temperature Signal

Stratospheric volcanic eruptions have had significant impacts on the radiation budget, atmospheric and surface temperatures, precipitation and regional weather patterns, resulting in global climatic changes. The changes associated with such eruptions most commonly result in cooling during several years after events. This study aimed to reveal eco-physiological response of larch trees from northeastern Yakutia (YAK), eastern Taimyr (TAY) and Altai (ALT) regions to climatic anomalies after major volcanic eruptions CE 535, 540, 1257, 1641, 1815 and 1991 using new multiple tree-ring parameters: tree-ring width (TRW), maximum latewood density (MXD), cell wall thicknesses (CWT), δ13C and δ18O in tree-ring cellulose. This investigation showed that TRW, CWT, MXD and δ18O chronologies recorded temperature signal, while information about precipitation and vapor pressure deficit was captured by δ13C chronologies. Sunshine duration was well recorded in δ18O from YAK and ALT. Tree-ring parameters recorded cold, wet and cloudy summer anomalies during the 6th and 13th centuries. However, significant summer anomalies after Tambora (1815) and Pinatubo (1991) eruptions were not captured by any tree-ring parameters

Dendroclimatic relationships and possible implications for mountain birch and Scots pine at treeline in northern Sweden through the 21st centuryThis article is a contribution to the series Tree recruitment, growth, and distribution at the circumpolar forest–tundra transition.

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda B. Young ◽  
David M. Cairns ◽  
Charles W. Lafon ◽  
Jon Moen ◽  
Laura E. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Mountain Birch ◽  
Terrestrial Vegetation ◽  
Northern Sweden

Changing climate in the Arctic is expected to have significant effects on the pattern and distribution of terrestrial vegetation. Species characteristic of specific zones in the mountains of northern Sweden have been shown to migrate up- and down-slope with changes in climate over the Holocene. This study evaluates the potential for Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) to become a treeline dominant at Fennoscandian treelines, replacing mountain birch (Betula pubescens subsp. czerepanovii (Orlova) Hämet-Ahti). Data from paired mountain birch and Scots pine tree-ring chronologies for eight locations in northern Sweden are used to develop climate – tree ring width index (RWI) relationships. Modeled climate–RWI relationships are then used to predict the relative RWI values of the two species under a suite of climate-forcing scenarios using an ensemble of three global climate models. Results indicate that mountain birch and Scots pine RWI are both correlated with summer temperatures, but Scots pine is more likely than mountain birch to be influenced by moisture conditions. Predictions of RWI under future climate conditions indicate that mountain birch is unlikely to be replaced by Scots pine within the next century.

scholarly journals Long-term summer sunshine/moisture stress reconstruction from tree-ring widths from Bosnia and Herzegovina

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Poljanšek ◽  
A. Ceglar ◽  
T. Levanič
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Sunshine Hours ◽  
Tree Ring Data

Abstract. We present the first summer sunshine reconstruction from tree-ring data for the western part of the Balkan Peninsula. Summer sunshine is tightly connected with moisture stress in trees, because the moisture stress and therefore the width of annual tree-rings is under the influence of the direct and interactive effects of sunshine duration (temperature, precipitation, cloud cover and evapotranspiration). The reconstruction is based on a calibrated z-scored mean chronology, calculated from tree-ring width measurements from 7 representative black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) sites in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). A combined regression and scaling approach was used for the reconstruction of the summer sunshine. We found a significant negative correlation (r = −0.54, p < 0.0001) with mean June–July sunshine hours from Osijek meteorological station (Croatia). The developed model was used for reconstruction of summer sunshine for the time period 1660–2010. We identified extreme summer events and compared them to available documentary historical sources of drought, volcanic eruptions and other reconstructions from the broader region. All extreme summers with low sunshine hours (1712, 1810, 1815, 1843, 1899 and 1966) are connected with volcanic eruptions.

Is temperature still the most limiting factor for growth in northern boreal forests?

The Holocene ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 095968362110116
Author(s):  
Jeroen DM Schreel
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Temperature Fluctuations ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Tree Ring Width ◽  
Climate Reconstructions ◽  
Latewood Density

Over the last few decades – at a range of northern sites – changes in tree-ring width and latewood density have not followed mean summertime temperature fluctuations. This discrepancy sharply contrasts an earlier correlation between those variables. As the origin of this inconsistency has not been fully deciphered, questions have emerged regarding the use of tree-ring width and latewood density as a proxy in dendrochronological climate reconstructions. I suggest that temperature is no longer the most limiting factor in certain boreal areas, which might explain the observed divergence.

Revisiting the Krakatau 1883 Volcanic Aerosol Dispersal 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Castro ◽  
Tushar Mittal ◽  
Stephen Self
Keyword(s):  
Climate Model ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Global Climate Model ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Climate Impact ◽  
Volcanic Plume ◽  
Quasi Biennial Oscillation ◽  
Aerosol Cloud ◽  
Pinatubo Eruption ◽  
The Impact

&lt;p&gt;The 1883 Krakatau eruption is one of the most well-known historical volcanic eruptions due to its significant global climate impact as well as first recorded observations of various aerosol associated optical and physical phenomena. Although much work has been done on the former by comparison of global climate model predictions/ simulations with instrumental and proxy climate records, the latter has surprisingly not been studied in similar detail. In particular, there is a wealth of observations of vivid red sunsets, blue suns, and other similar features, that can be used to analyze the spatio-temporal dispersal of volcanic aerosols in summer to winter 1883. Thus, aerosol cloud dispersal after the Krakatau eruption can be estimated, bolstered by aerosol cloud behavior as monitored by satellite-based instrument observations after the 1991 Pinatubo eruption. This is one of a handful of large historic eruptions where this analysis can be done (using non-climate proxy methods). In this study, we model particle trajectories of the Krakatau eruption cloud using the Hysplit trajectory model and compare our results with our compiled observational dataset (principally using Verbeek 1884, the Royal Society report, and Kiessling 1884).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In particular, we explore the effect of different atmospheric states - the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) which impacts zonal movement of the stratospheric volcanic plume - to estimate the phase of the QBO in 1883 required for a fast-moving westward cloud. Since this alone is unable to match the observed latitudinal spread of the aerosols, we then explore the impact of an&amp;#160; umbrella cloud (2000 km diameter) that almost certainly formed during such a large eruption. A large umbrella cloud, spreading over ~18 degrees within the duration of the climax of the eruption (6-8 hours), can lead to much quicker latitudinal spread than a point source (vent). We will discuss the results of the combined model (umbrella cloud and correct QBO phase) with historical accounts and observations, as well as previous work on the 1991 Pinatubo eruption. We also consider the likely impacts of water on aerosol concentrations and the relevance of this process for eruptions with possible significant seawater interactions, like Krakatau. We posit that the role of umbrella clouds is an under-appreciated, but significant, process for beginning to model the climatic impacts of large volcanic eruptions.&lt;/p&gt;

Bristlecone pine tree rings and volcanic eruptions over the last 5000 yr

2007 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew W. Salzer ◽  
Malcolm K. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Tree Ring Data ◽  
Pinus Longaeva ◽  
Bristlecone Pine ◽  
Ice Core Record ◽  
Pinus Aristata

AbstractMany years of low growth identified in a western USA regional chronology of upper forest border bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva and Pinus aristata) over the last 5000 yr coincide with known large explosive volcanic eruptions and/or ice core signals of past eruptions. Over the last millennium the agreement between the tree-ring data and volcano/ice-core data is high: years of ring-width minima can be matched with known volcanic eruptions or ice-core volcanic signals in 86% of cases. In previous millennia, while there is substantial concurrence, the agreement decreases with increasing antiquity. Many of the bristlecone pine ring-width minima occurred at the same time as ring-width minima in high latitude trees from northwestern Siberia and/or northern Finland over the past 4000–5000 yr, suggesting climatically-effective events of at least hemispheric scale. In contrast with the ice-core records, the agreement between widely separated tree-ring records does not decrease with increasing antiquity. These data suggest specific intervals when the climate system was or was not particularly sensitive enough to volcanic forcing to affect the trees, and they augment the ice core record in a number of ways: by providing confirmation from an alternative proxy record for volcanic signals, by suggesting alternative dates for eruptions, and by adding to the list of years when volcanic events of global significance were likely, including the mid-2nd-millennium BC eruption of Thera.

scholarly journals The Impact of Parameterized Convection on Climatological Precipitation in Atmospheric Global Climate Models

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 3728-3736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penelope Maher ◽  
Geoffrey K. Vallis ◽  
Steven C. Sherwood ◽  
Mark J. Webb ◽  
Philip G. Sansom
Keyword(s):  
Climate Models ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
The Impact

A Preliminary Reconstruction of Rainfall in North-Central China since A.D. 1600 from Tree-Ring Density and Width

1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm K. Hughes ◽  
Wu Xiangding ◽  
Shao Xuemei ◽  
Gregg M. Garfin
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Singular Spectrum Analysis ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Central China ◽  
North Central ◽  
Ring Density ◽  
Maximum Latewood Density ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Latewood Density

AbstractMay-June (MJ) and April-July (AJ) precipitation at Huashan in north-central China has been reconstructed for the period A.D. 1600 to 1988 using tree-ring density and width fromPinus armandii. MJ precipitation (based on ring width and maximum latewood density) calibrated and cross-validated against local instrumental data more strongly than AJ precipitation (based only on ring width). A major drought was reconstructed for the mid- and late 1920s, confirmed by local documentary sources. This drought (culminating in 1929) was the most severe of the 389-yr period for MJ and second most severe for AJ, after an event ending in 1683. Neither reconstruction shows much spectral power at frequencies lower than 1 in 10 yr, but both show concentrations of power between 2.1 and 2.7 yr and 3.5 to 9 yr. There are significant correlations between the two reconstructions and a regional dryness/wetness index (DW) based on documentary sources, particularly at high frequencies. These correlations are focused in the 7.6- to 7.3-, 3.8- to 3.6-, and 2.5-yr periods. Using singular spectrum analysis, quasiperiodic behavior with a period close to 7.2 yr was identified in the MJ precipitation reconstruction and in the DW index based on documents.

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