scholarly journals FYRE Climate: A high-resolution reanalysis of daily precipitation and temperature in France from 1871 to 2012

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Devers ◽  
Jean-Philippe Vidal ◽  
Claire Lauvernet ◽  
Olivier Vannier
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Bias Error ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Climate Reconstructions ◽  
Assimilation Scheme ◽  
Surface Observations ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Local Extreme

Abstract. Surface observations are usually too few and far between to properly assess multidecadal variations at the local scale and characterize historical local extreme events at the same time. A data assimilation scheme has been recently presented to assimilate daily observations of temperature and precipitation into downscaled reconstructions from a global extended reanalysis through an Ensemble Kalman fitting approach and derive high-resolution fields. Recent studies also showed that assimilating observations at high temporal resolution does not guarantee correct multidecadal variations. The current paper thus proposes (1) to apply this scheme over France and over the 1871–2012 period based on the SCOPE Climate reconstructions background dataset and all available daily historical surface observations of temperature and precipitation, (2) to develop an assimilation scheme at the yearly time scale and to apply it over the same period and lastly, (3) to derive the FYRE Climate reanalysis, a 25-member ensemble hybrid dataset resulting from the daily and yearly assimilation schemes, spanning the whole 1871–2012 period at a daily and 8-km resolution over France. Assimilating daily observations only allows reconstructing accurately daily characteristics, but fails in reproducing robust multidecadal variations when compared to independent datasets. Combining the daily and yearly assimilation schemes, FYRE Climate clearly performs better than the SCOPE Climate background in terms of bias, error, and correlation, but also better than the Safran reference surface reanalysis over France available from 1958 onward only. FYRE Climate also succeeds in reconstructing both local extreme events and multidecadal variability. It is made freely available from http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4005573 (precipitation) and http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4006472 (temperature).

Multidecadal assessment of the FYRE Climate daily high-resolution surface reanalysis over France (1871-2012)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Philippe Vidal ◽  
Alexandre Devers ◽  
Claire Lauvernet ◽  
Olivier Vannier
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Bias Error ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Assimilation Scheme ◽  
Surface Observations ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Local Extreme

<p>Surface observations are usually too few and far between to properly assess multidecadal variations at the local scale and characterize historical local extreme events at the same time. A data assimilation scheme has been recently presented by Devers <em>et al.</em> (2020) to assimilate daily observations of temperature and precipitation into downscaled reconstructions from a global extended reanalysis through an Ensemble Kalman fitting approach and derive high-resolution fields. Recent studies also showed that assimilating observations at high temporal resolution does not guarantee correct multidecadal variations. This work thus proposes (1) to apply this scheme over France and over the 1871–2012 period based on the SCOPE Climate reconstructions background dataset (Caillouet <em>et al.</em>, 2019) and all available daily historical surface observations of temperature and precipitation, (2) to develop an assimilation scheme at the yearly time scale and to apply it over the same period and lastly, (3) to derive the FYRE Climate reanalysis, a 25-member ensemble hybrid dataset resulting from the daily and yearly assimilation schemes, spanning the whole 1871–2012 period at a daily and 8-km resolution over France. Assimilating daily observations only allows reconstructing accurately daily characteristics, but fails in reproducing robust multidecadal variations when compared to independent datasets. Compared to reference homogenized series, FYRE Climate clearly performs better than the SCOPE Climate background in terms of bias, error, and correlation, but also better than the Safran surface reanalysis over France (Vidal <em>et al.</em>, 2010) available from 1958 onward only. FYRE Climate also succeeds in reconstructing both local extreme events and multidecadal variability. It is made available from http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4005573 (precipitation) and http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4006472 (temperature). Further details on FYRE Climate can be found in Devers <em>et al.</em> (2021).</p><p>Caillouet, L., Vidal, J.-P., Sauquet, E., Graff, B., Soubeyroux, J.-M. (2021) SCOPE Climate: a 142-year daily high-resolution ensemble meteorological reconstruction dataset over France. <em>Earth System Science Data</em>, 11, 241-260. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-241-2019</p><p>Devers, A., Vidal, J.-P., Lauvernet, C., Graff, B., Vannier, O. (2020) A framework for high-resolution meteorological surface reanalysis through offline data assimilation in an ensemble of downscaled reconstructions. <em>Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society</em>, 2020, 146, 153-17. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3663</p><p>Devers, A., Vidal, J.-P., Lauvernet, C., Vannier, O. (2021) FYRE Climate: A high-resolution reanalysis of daily precipitation and temperature in France from 1871 to 2012. C<em>limate of the Past Discussions</em>, in review, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2020-156</p><p>Vidal, J.-P., Martin, E., Franchistéguy, L., Baillon, M., Soubeyroux, J.-M. (2010) A 50-year high-resolution atmospheric reanalysis over France with the Safran system. <em>International Journal of Climatology</em>, 30, 1627-1644. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.2003</p>

scholarly journals FYRE Climate: a high-resolution reanalysis of daily precipitation and temperature in France from 1871 to 2012

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1857-1879
Author(s):  
Alexandre Devers ◽  
Jean-Philippe Vidal ◽  
Claire Lauvernet ◽  
Olivier Vannier
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Data Assimilation Scheme ◽  
Assimilation Scheme ◽  
Surface Observations ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Local Extreme

Abstract. Surface observations are usually too few and far between to properly assess multidecadal variations at the local scale and characterize historical local extreme events at the same time. A data assimilation scheme has been recently presented to assimilate daily observations of temperature and precipitation into downscaled reconstructions from a global extended reanalysis through an Ensemble Kalman fitting approach and to derive high-resolution fields. Recent studies also showed that assimilating observations at high temporal resolution does not guarantee correct multidecadal variations. The current paper thus proposes (1) to apply the data assimilation scheme over France and over the 1871–2012 period based on the SCOPE Climate reconstructions background dataset and all available daily historical surface observations of temperature and precipitation, (2) to develop an assimilation scheme at the yearly timescale and to apply it over the same period and lastly, (3) to derive the FYRE Climate reanalysis, a 25-member ensemble hybrid dataset resulting from the daily and yearly assimilation schemes, spanning the whole 1871–2012 period at a daily and 8 km resolution over France. Assimilating daily observations only allows reconstructing accurately daily characteristics, but fails in reproducing robust multidecadal variations when compared to independent datasets. Combining the daily and yearly assimilation schemes, FYRE Climate clearly performs better than the SCOPE Climate background in terms of bias, error, and correlation, but also better than the Safran reference surface reanalysis over France available from 1958 onward only. FYRE Climate also succeeds in reconstructing both local extreme events and multidecadal variability. It is freely available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4005573 (precipitation, Devers et al., 2020b) and https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4006472 (temperature, Devers et al., 2020c).

scholarly journals Extreme Events Representation in CMCC-CM2 High and Very-High Resolution General Circulation Models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Scoccimarro ◽  
Daniele Peano ◽  
Silvio Gualdi ◽  
Alessio Bellucci ◽  
Tomas Lovato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
General Circulation Models ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Climate Modelling ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Very High

Abstract. The recent advancements in climate modelling partially build on the improvement of horizontal resolution in different components of the simulating system. A higher resolution is expected to provide a better representation of the climate variability, and in this work we are particularly interested in the potential improvements in representing extreme events of high temperature and precipitation. The two versions of the CMCC-CM2 model used here, adopt the highest horizontal resolutions available within the last family of the global coupled climate models de¬veloped at CMCC to participate in the CMIP6 effort. The main aim of this study is to document the ability of the CMCC-CM2 models in representing the spatial distribution of extreme events of temperature and precipitation, under the historical period, comparing model results to observations (ERA5 Reanalysis and CHIRPS observations). For a more detailed evaluation we investigate both 6 hourly and daily time series for the definition of the extreme conditions. In terms of mean climate, the two models are able to realistically reproduce the main patterns of temperature and precipitation. The very-high resolution version (¼ degree horizontal resolution) of the atmospheric model provides better results than the high resolution one (one degree), not only in terms of means but also in terms of extreme events of temperature defined at daily and 6-hourly frequency. This is also the case of average precipitation. On the other hand the extreme precipitation is not improved by the adoption of a higher horizontal resolution.

Effects of Spectral Nudging in WRF on Arctic Temperature and Precipitation Simulations

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3985-3999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin M. Glisan ◽  
William J. Gutowski ◽  
John J. Cassano ◽  
Matthew E. Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Events ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Weather Research And Forecasting ◽  
Spectral Nudging ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Climate Simulations ◽  
Arctic Temperature ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Spectral (interior) nudging is a way of constraining a model to be more consistent with observed behavior. However, such control over model behavior raises concerns over how much nudging may affect unforced variability and extremes. Strong nudging may reduce or filter out extreme events since nudging pushes the model toward a relatively smooth, large-scale state. The question then becomes: what is the minimum spectral nudging needed to correct biases while not limiting the simulation of extreme events? To determine this, case studies were performed using a six-member ensemble of the Pan-Arctic Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) with varying spectral nudging strength, using WRF’s standard nudging as a reference point. Two periods were simulated, one in a cold season (January 2007) and one in a warm season (July 2007). Precipitation and 2-m temperature were analyzed to determine how changing spectral nudging strength impacts temperature and precipitation extremes and selected percentiles. Results suggest that there is a marked lack of sensitivity to varying degrees of nudging. Moreover, given that nudging is an artificial forcing applied in the model, an outcome of this work is that nudging strength can be considerably smaller than the WRF standard strength and still produce climate simulations that are much better than using no nudging.

Extreme Events in High Resolution CMCC Regional and Global Climate Models

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Scoccimarro ◽  
Silvio Gualdi ◽  
Antonella Sanna ◽  
Edoardo Bucchignani ◽  
Myriam Montesarchio
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Global Climate Models

scholarly journals Projected Changes in Climate Extremes Using CMIP6 Simulations Over SREX Regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-497
Author(s):  
Mansour Almazroui ◽  
Fahad Saeed ◽  
Sajjad Saeed ◽  
Muhammad Ismail ◽  
Muhammad Azhar Ehsan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
First Century ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Annual Maximum ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Projected Change ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Projected Changes ◽  
The Tropics

AbstractThis paper presents projected changes in extreme temperature and precipitation events by using Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) data for mid-century (2036–2065) and end-century (2070–2099) periods with respect to the reference period (1985–2014). Four indices namely, Annual maximum of maximum temperature (TXx), Extreme heat wave days frequency (HWFI), Annual maximum consecutive 5-day precipitation (RX5day), and Consecutive Dry Days (CDD) were investigated under four socioeconomic scenarios (SSP1-2.6; SSP2-4.5; SSP3-7.0; SSP5-8.5) over the entire globe and its 26 Special Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation (SREX) regions. The projections show an increase in intensity and frequency of hot temperature and precipitation extremes over land. The intensity of the hottest days (as measured by TXx) is projected to increase more in extratropical regions than in the tropics, while the frequency of extremely hot days (as measured by HWFI) is projected to increase more in the tropics. Drought frequency (as measured by CDD) is projected to increase more over Brazil, the Mediterranean, South Africa, and Australia. Meanwhile, the Asian monsoon regions (i.e., South Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia) become more prone to extreme flash flooding events later in the twenty-first century as shown by the higher RX5day index projections. The projected changes in extremes reveal large spatial variability within each SREX region. The spatial variability of the studied extreme events increases with increasing greenhouse gas concentration (GHG) and is higher at the end of the twenty-first century. The projected change in the extremes and the pattern of their spatial variability is minimum under the low-emission scenario SSP1-2.6. Our results indicate that an increased concentration of GHG leads to substantial increases in the extremes and their intensities. Hence, limiting CO2 emissions could substantially limit the risks associated with increases in extreme events in the twenty-first century.

Fabrication of Magnetic Tips for High-Resolution Magnetic Force Microscopy

2013 ◽  
Vol 543 ◽  
pp. 35-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaaki Futamoto ◽  
Tatsuya Hagami ◽  
Shinji Ishihara ◽  
Kazuki Soneta ◽  
Mitsuru Ohtake
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Material ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Magnetic Force Microscopy ◽  
Magnetic Force ◽  
Magnetic Force Microscope ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
High Magnetic Moment ◽  
Tip Radius ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Sputtering System

Effects of magnetic material, coating thickness, and tip radius on magnetic force microscope (MFM) spatial resolution have been systematically investigated. MFM tips are prepared by using an UHV sputtering system by coating magnetic materials on non-magnetic Si tips employing targets of Ni, Ni-Fe, Co, Fe, Fe-B, and Fe-Pd. MFM spatial resolutions better than 9 nm have been confirmed by employing magnetic tips coated with high magnetic moment materials with optimized thicknesses.

scholarly journals Explaining Extreme Events of 2016 from a Climate Perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. S1-S157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie C. Herring ◽  
Nikolaos Christidis ◽  
Andrew Hoell ◽  
James P. Kossin ◽  
Carl J. Schreck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Low Resolution

Editors note: For easy download the posted pdf of the Explaining Extreme Events of 2016 is a very low-resolution file. A high-resolution copy of the report is available by clicking here. Please be patient as it may take a few minutes for the high-resolution file to download.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document