Development of a predictive model to determine micropollutant removal using granular activated carbon

Abstract. The occurrence of organic micropollutants in drinking water and its sources has opened up a field of study related to monitoring concentration levels in water sources, evaluating their toxicity and estimating their removal in drinking water treatment processes. Because a large number of organic micropollutants is currently present (although in relatively low concentrations) in drinking water sources, a method should be developed to select which micropollutants has to be evaluated with priority. In this paper, a screening model is presented that can predict solute removal by activated carbon, in ultrapure water and in natural water. Solute removal prediction is based on a combination of solute hydrophobicity (expressed as log D, the pH corrected log Kow), solute charge and the carbon dose. Solute molecular weight was also considered as model input parameter, but this solute property appeared to relate insufficiently to solute removal. Removal of negatively charged solutes by preloaded activated carbon was reduced while the removal of positively charged solutes was increased, compared with freshly regenerated activated carbon. Differences in charged solute removal by freshly regenerated activated carbon were small, indicating that charge interactions are an important mechanism in adsorption onto preloaded carbon. The predicted solute removal was within 20 removal-% deviation of experimentally measured values.

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Resorcinarene Cavitand Polymers for the Remediation of Halomethanes and 1,4-Dioxane

10.26434/chemrxiv.8847839 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Luke Skala ◽

Anna Yang ◽

Max Justin Klemes ◽

Leilei Xiao ◽

William Dichtel

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

High Capacity ◽

The United States ◽

Water Sources ◽

Disinfection Byproducts ◽

Porous Polymer ◽

Organic Micropollutants ◽

Executive Summary ◽

Regulatory Limits

Executive summary: Porous resorcinarene-containing polymers are used to remove halomethane disinfection byproducts and 1,4-dioxane from water. Disinfection byproducts such as trihalomethanes are some of the most common micropollutants found in drinking water. Trihalomethanes are formed upon chlorination of natural organic matter (NOM) found in many drinking water sources. Municipalities that produce drinking water from surface water sources struggle to remain below regulatory limits for CHCl3 and other trihalomethanes (80 mg L–1 in the United States). Inspired by molecular CHCl3⊂cavitand host-guest complexes, we designed a porous polymer comprised of resorcinarene receptors. These materials show higher affinity for halomethanes than a specialty activated carbon used for trihalomethane removal. The cavitand polymers show similar removal kinetics as activated carbon and have high capacity (49 mg g–1 of CHCl3). Furthermore, these materials maintain their performance in real drinking water and can be thermally regenerated under mild conditions. Cavitand polymers also outperform activated carbon in their adsorption of 1,4-dioxane, which is difficult to remove and contaminates many public water sources. These materials show promise for removing toxic organic micropollutants and further demonstrate the value of using supramolecular chemistry to design novel absorbents for water purification.

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Is biological treatment a viable alternative for micropollutant removal in drinking water treatment processes?

Water Research ◽

10.1016/j.watres.2013.07.015 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 47 (16) ◽

pp. 5955-5976 ◽

Cited By ~ 161

Author(s):

Jessica Benner ◽

Damian E. Helbling ◽

Hans-Peter E. Kohler ◽

Janneke Wittebol ◽

Elena Kaiser ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Water Treatment ◽

Biological Treatment ◽

Drinking Water Treatment ◽

Viable Alternative ◽

Treatment Processes ◽

Micropollutant Removal

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Ozone and UV – a tool for multi-barrier concepts in water treatment

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2006.913 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 17-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Ried ◽

J. Mielcke

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Water Treatment ◽

Biological Treatment ◽

Municipal Wastewater ◽

Drinking Water Treatment ◽

Additional Treatment ◽

Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽

Treatment Processes

The use of ozone and/or UV for water treatment processes is often a combination of an ozone and/or UV-step with additional treatment steps, e.g. biological treatment, flocculation, filtration and activated carbon. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an optimized combination of these different steps. This article will demonstrate the advantages presenting two examples for drinking water treatment and two examples for municipal wastewater treatment.

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Removal of radio N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) from drinking water by coagulation and Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC) adsorption

Drinking Water Engineering and Science Discussions ◽

10.5194/dwesd-2-79-2009 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 79-100 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. Chung ◽

Y. Yoon ◽

M. Kim ◽

S.-B. Lee ◽

H.-J. Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Water Treatment ◽

Background Electrolyte ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Drinking Water Treatment ◽

Powdered Activated Carbon ◽

Individual Treatment ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Treatment Processes

Abstract. The presence of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in drinking water supplies has raised concern over its removal by common drinking water treatment processes. A simple detection method based on scintillation spectroscopy has been used to quantify the concentration of 14C-labeled NDMA at various ratios of sample to scintillation liquid. Without sample pretreatment, the method detection limits are 0.91, 0.98, 1.23, and 1.45 ng/L of NDMA at scintillation intensity ratios of 10:10, 5:15, 15:5, and 2.5:17.5 (sample: scintillation liquid), respectively. The scintillation intensity in all cases is linear (R2>0.99) and is in the range of 0 to 100 ng/L of NDMA. In addition, because scintillation intensity is independent of solution pH, conductivity, and background electrolyte ion types, a separate calibration curve is unnecessary for NDMA samples at different solution conditions. Bench-scale experiments were performed to simulate individual treatment processes, which include coagulation and adsorption by powdered activated carbon (PAC), as used in a drinking water treatment plant, and biosorption, a technique used in biological treatment of waste water. The commonly used coagulation process for particulate control and biosorption is ineffective for removing NDMA (<10% by coagulation and <20% by biosorption). However, high doses of PAC may be applied to remove NDMA.

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Appropriate drinking water treatment processes for organic micropollutants removal based on experimental and model studies — A multi-criteria analysis study

The Science of The Total Environment ◽

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.09.076 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 442 ◽

pp. 478-488 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Sairam Sudhakaran ◽

Sabine Lattemann ◽

Gary L. Amy

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Water Treatment ◽

Drinking Water Treatment ◽

Organic Micropollutants ◽

Analysis Study ◽

Model Studies ◽

Treatment Processes ◽

Multi Criteria Analysis

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Pilot-scale removal of organic micropollutants and natural organic matter from drinking water using ozonation followed by granular activated carbon

Environmental Science Water Research & Technology ◽

10.1039/d0ew00933d ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Malin Ullberg ◽

Elin Lavonen ◽

Stephan J. Köhler ◽

Oksana Golovko ◽

Karin Wiberg

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Natural Organic Matter ◽

Large Fraction ◽

Drinking Water Treatment ◽

Granular Activated Carbon ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Organic Micropollutants ◽

Scale Removal

Conventional drinking water treatment is inefficient in removing a large fraction of known organic micropollutants (OMPs). Ozonation in combination with granular activated carbon is a promising approach for addressing this issue.

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Removal of diclofenac by conventional drinking water treatment processes and granular activated carbon filtration

Chemosphere ◽

10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.03.010 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 92 (2) ◽

pp. 184-191 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

Eliane Sloboda Rigobello ◽

Angela Di Bernardo Dantas ◽

Luiz Di Bernardo ◽

Eny Maria Vieira

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Water Treatment ◽

Drinking Water Treatment ◽

Granular Activated Carbon ◽

Treatment Processes ◽

Carbon Filtration

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Lignite-Activated Carbon Grafted PAA Combined with Conventional Drinking Water Treatment Processes for the Emergency Removal of Trace Pb(II) Pollution

Water Air & Soil Pollution ◽

10.1007/s11270-020-04607-w ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 231 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Lihua Dong ◽

Shujie Pan ◽

Zhansheng Wang ◽

Li’an Hou ◽

G. Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Water Treatment ◽

Drinking Water Treatment ◽

Treatment Processes

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A Review on Emerging Pollutants in the Water Environment: Existences, Health Effects and Treatment Processes

Water ◽

10.3390/w13223258 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (22) ◽

pp. 3258

Author(s):

Nor Zaiha Arman ◽

Salmiati Salmiati ◽

Azmi Aris ◽

Mohd Razman Salim ◽

Tasnia Hassan Nazifa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Water Environment ◽

Environmental Pollutants ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Drinking Water Treatment ◽

Emerging Pollutants ◽

Severe Problem ◽

Treatment Processes ◽

Micropollutant Removal ◽

Demand For Health

Emerging pollutants (EPs), also known as micropollutants, have been a major issue for the global population in recent years as a result of the potential threats they bring to the environment and human health. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), antibiotics, and hormones that are used in great demand for health and cosmetic purposes have rapidly culminated in the emergence of environmental pollutants. EPs impact the environment in a variety of ways. EPs originate from animal or human sources, either directly discharged into waterbodies or slowly leached via soils. As a result, water quality will deteriorate, drinking water sources will be contaminated, and health issues will arise. Since drinking water treatment plants rely on water resources, the prevalence of this contamination in aquatic environments, particularly surface water, is a severe problem. The review looks into several related issues on EPs in water environment, including methods in removing EPs. Despite its benefits and downsides, the EPs treatment processes comprise several approaches such as physico-chemical, biological, and advanced oxidation processes. Nonetheless, one of the membrane-based filtration methods, ultrafiltration, is considered as one of the technologies that promises the best micropollutant removal in water. With interesting properties including a moderate operating manner and great selectivity, this treatment approach is more popular than conventional ones. This study presents a comprehensive summary of EP’s existence in the environment, its toxicological consequences on health, and potential removal and treatment strategies.

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