scholarly journals A Review on Emerging Pollutants in the Water Environment: Existences, Health Effects and Treatment Processes

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 3258
Author(s):  
Nor Zaiha Arman ◽  
Salmiati Salmiati ◽  
Azmi Aris ◽  
Mohd Razman Salim ◽  
Tasnia Hassan Nazifa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Emerging Pollutants ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Micropollutant Removal ◽  
Demand For Health

Emerging pollutants (EPs), also known as micropollutants, have been a major issue for the global population in recent years as a result of the potential threats they bring to the environment and human health. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), antibiotics, and hormones that are used in great demand for health and cosmetic purposes have rapidly culminated in the emergence of environmental pollutants. EPs impact the environment in a variety of ways. EPs originate from animal or human sources, either directly discharged into waterbodies or slowly leached via soils. As a result, water quality will deteriorate, drinking water sources will be contaminated, and health issues will arise. Since drinking water treatment plants rely on water resources, the prevalence of this contamination in aquatic environments, particularly surface water, is a severe problem. The review looks into several related issues on EPs in water environment, including methods in removing EPs. Despite its benefits and downsides, the EPs treatment processes comprise several approaches such as physico-chemical, biological, and advanced oxidation processes. Nonetheless, one of the membrane-based filtration methods, ultrafiltration, is considered as one of the technologies that promises the best micropollutant removal in water. With interesting properties including a moderate operating manner and great selectivity, this treatment approach is more popular than conventional ones. This study presents a comprehensive summary of EP’s existence in the environment, its toxicological consequences on health, and potential removal and treatment strategies.

Is biological treatment a viable alternative for micropollutant removal in drinking water treatment processes?

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (16) ◽  
pp. 5955-5976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Benner ◽  
Damian E. Helbling ◽  
Hans-Peter E. Kohler ◽  
Janneke Wittebol ◽  
Elena Kaiser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Viable Alternative ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Micropollutant Removal

scholarly journals Development of a predictive model to determine micropollutant removal using granular activated carbon

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. de Ridder ◽  
M. McConville ◽  
A. R. D. Verliefde ◽  
L. T. J. van der Aa ◽  
S. G. J. Heijman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Input Parameter ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Organic Micropollutants ◽  
Ultrapure Water ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Micropollutant Removal ◽  
Low Concentrations

Abstract. The occurrence of organic micropollutants in drinking water and its sources has opened up a field of study related to monitoring concentration levels in water sources, evaluating their toxicity and estimating their removal in drinking water treatment processes. Because a large number of organic micropollutants is currently present (although in relatively low concentrations) in drinking water sources, a method should be developed to select which micropollutants has to be evaluated with priority. In this paper, a screening model is presented that can predict solute removal by activated carbon, in ultrapure water and in natural water. Solute removal prediction is based on a combination of solute hydrophobicity (expressed as log D, the pH corrected log Kow), solute charge and the carbon dose. Solute molecular weight was also considered as model input parameter, but this solute property appeared to relate insufficiently to solute removal. Removal of negatively charged solutes by preloaded activated carbon was reduced while the removal of positively charged solutes was increased, compared with freshly regenerated activated carbon. Differences in charged solute removal by freshly regenerated activated carbon were small, indicating that charge interactions are an important mechanism in adsorption onto preloaded carbon. The predicted solute removal was within 20 removal-% deviation of experimentally measured values for most solutes.

scholarly journals Development of a predictive model to determine micropollutant removal using granular activated carbon

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. de Ridder ◽  
M. McConville ◽  
A. R. D. Verliefde ◽  
L. T. J. van der Aa ◽  
S. G. J. Heijman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Input Parameter ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Organic Micropollutants ◽  
Ultrapure Water ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Micropollutant Removal ◽  
Low Concentrations

Abstract. The occurrence of organic micropollutants in drinking water and its sources has opened up a field of study related to monitoring concentration levels in water sources, evaluating their toxicity and estimating their removal in drinking water treatment processes. Because a large number of organic micropollutants is currently present (although in relatively low concentrations) in drinking water sources, a method should be developed to select which micropollutants has to be evaluated with priority. In this paper, a screening model is presented that can predict solute removal by activated carbon, in ultrapure water and in natural water. Solute removal prediction is based on a combination of solute hydrophobicity (expressed as log D, the pH corrected log Kow), solute charge and the carbon dose. Solute molecular weight was also considered as model input parameter, but this solute property appeared to relate insufficiently to solute removal. Removal of negatively charged solutes by preloaded activated carbon was reduced while the removal of positively charged solutes was increased, compared with freshly regenerated activated carbon. Differences in charged solute removal by freshly regenerated activated carbon were small, indicating that charge interactions are an important mechanism in adsorption onto preloaded carbon. The predicted solute removal was within 20 removal-% deviation of experimentally measured values.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Removal Characteristics of Phthalate Esters from Typical Water Sources in Northeast China

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Liu ◽  
Zhonglin Chen ◽  
Jimin Shen
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Phthalate Esters ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Water Ingestion ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Harbin City

The presence of phthalate esters (PAEs) in the environment has gained a considerable attention due to their potential impacts on public health. This study reports the first data on the occurrence of 15 PAEs in the water near the Mopanshan Reservoir—the new and important water source of Harbin city in Northeast China. As drinking water is a major source for human exposure to PAEs, the fate of target PAEs in the two waterworks (Mopanshan Waterworks and Seven Waterworks) was also analyzed. The results demonstrated that the total concentrations of 15 PAEs in the water near the Mopanshan Reservoir were relatively moderate, ranging from 355.8 to 9226.5 ng/L, with the mean value of 2943.1 ng/L. DBP and DEHP dominated the PAE concentrations, which ranged from 52.5 to 4498.2 ng/L and 128.9 to 6570.9 ng/L, respectively. The occurrence and concentrations of these compounds were heavily spatially dependent. Meanwhile, the results on the waterworks samples suggested no significant differences in PAE levels with the input of the raw waters. Without effective and stable removal of PAEs after the conventional drinking water treatment in the waterworks (25.8% to 76.5%), the risks posed by PAEs through drinking water ingestion were still existing, which should be paid special attention to the source control in the Mopanshan Reservoir and some advanced treatment processes for drinking water supplies.

Inactivation of human adenovirus by sequential disinfection with an alternative ultraviolet technology and monochloramine

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 606-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwy-Am Shin ◽  
Jung-Keun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Human Adenovirus ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Human Adenoviruses ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Uv Technology ◽  
Very High

In an effort to reduce human exposure to adenoviruses through drinking water, we determined the effectiveness of sequential disinfection with an alternative ultraviolet (UV) technology (medium-pressure (MP) UV) and monochloramine. The results of this study showed that MP UV was much more effective than traditional UV technology (low-pressure (LP) UV) against human adenovirus 2 (Ad2). Specifically, an inactivation of ~3 log10 was achieved by a dose of 40 mJ/cm2 of MP UV compared to ~1 log10 by the same dose of LP UV. However, because of the ineffective inactivation of Ad2 by monochloramine, a very high dose (40 mJ/cm2) of MP UV and a very large Ct99 value (~1200 mg/L·min) was still needed to achieve a significant inactivation (e.g., 4 log10) of Ad2. Also, it appears that the inactivation of Ad2 by monochloramine is not enhanced by prior exposure to MP UV. Overall, the results of this study indicated that, in spite of the enhanced effectiveness of alternative UV technologies on human adenoviruses, sequential disinfection with an alternative UV technology (MP UV) and monochloramine still may not provide adequate inactivation of human adenoviruses — especially at high pH and low temperature — in drinking water treatment processes.

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