ICDP project Drilling the Eger Rift – present status and further plans

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torsten Dahm ◽  
Tomas Fischer ◽  
Heiko Woith ◽  
Pavla Hrubcova ◽  
Josef Vicek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Border Region ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Earthquake Swarms ◽  
Fluid Composition ◽  
Mass Spectrometers ◽  
Monitoring Wells ◽  
Eger Rift ◽  
The Status ◽  
Cheb Basin ◽  
Natural Laboratory

<p><span>Within the ICDP-Eger drilling project we are developing one of the most modern and comprehensive laboratories at depth worldwide to study the interrelations between the flow of mantle-derived fluids through the crust and their degassing at the surface, the occurrence and characteristics of crustal earthquake swarms, and the relation to the geo-biosphere. The Cheb basin located in the western Eger Rift at the Czech-German border provides an ideal natural laboratory for such a purpose. In October 2016 the ICDP proposal was accepted for complementing two existing shallow monitoring wells with five new, distributed, medium depth (<400 m) drill holes F3 and S1-S4. </span></p><p><span>The resulting natural laboratory at depth will comprise five drilling sites for studying above mentioned phenomena. The F1-F3 drillings form a unique facility of three wells at one site within an active CO<sub>2</sub> mofette of Hartou</span><span>šov </span><span>for continuous recordings of fluid composition and fluid flow rate, as well as for intermittent GeoBio fluid sampling. Drillings S1-S4 are planned for seismological monitoring to reach a new level of high-frequency, near source observations of earthquake swarms and related phenomena such as seismic noise and tremors generated by fluid movements. Instrumentation of the seismic wells S1-S3 will include 8-element geophone chains and a bottom-hole broadband sensor. The borehole sensors will be complemented at S1 by small-scale surface array of approximately 400 m diameter to obtain truly 3D-array configurations. If possible, broadband surface stations and other sensors will be added to each drill location. </span></p><p><span>So far, we have completed drillings at sites S1, S2 and S3, with depth of </span><span>402, 480 and 400 m. </span><span>The drilling of S4 is planned in 2020 at one of the recently discovered Maars at the Czech-German border region. Drilling F3 was completed in September 2019 at a depth of 239 m. It has reached several over-pressurized, CO</span><span>2 </span><span>bearing layers. The three boreholes have been connected by underground tubes system to the nearby field laboratory equipped by flowmeters and mass spectrometers allowing for long time precise monitoring of the degassing process. The S1 borehole (Landwust) will be instrumented in January 2020 by a test geophone chain allowing, along with the DAS fibre-optic cable installed behind the casing, to carry out a VSP measurement.</span></p><p><span>In our presentation we provide information on the status of drillings, sensor installation and plans for the complete monitoring and data handling concept.</span></p>

Variations of gas compositions during a drilling process: A key study on the Hartoušov Mofette, Czech Republic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyriaki Daskalopoulou ◽  
Heiko Woith ◽  
Martin Zimmer ◽  
Samuel Niedermann ◽  
Cemile D. Bağ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Earthquake Swarms ◽  
Earthquake Activity ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Deep Biosphere ◽  
Eger Rift ◽  
Environmental Air ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Cheb Basin

<p>The Eger Rift (Czech Republic) is an intraplate region without active volcanism but with emanations of magma-derived gases and the recurrence of mid-crustal earthquake swarms with small to intermediate magnitudes (M<sub>L</sub> < 5) in the Cheb Basin. To understand the anomalous earthquake activity and CO<sub>2</sub> degassing, an interdisciplinary well-based observatory is built up for continuous fluid and earthquake monitoring at depth.</p><p>The fluid observatory is located at the Hartoušov Mofette (Cheb Basin), an area characterized by intense mantle degassing with a subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) contribution of He that increased from 38% in 1993 to 89% in 2016. Two drillings with depths of 30 and 108 m (F1 and F2, respectively) are being monitored since August 2019 for the composition of ascending fluids. Additionally, the environmental air composition is monitored. Gas concentrations were determined in-situ at 1-min intervals, while direct sampling campaigns took place periodically and samples were analyzed for their chemical and isotope composition. Samples of gases emerging in the mofette were also collected. During this period, a third borehole (F3) with a depth of 238 m was drilled.</p><p>At Hartoušov, carbon dioxide is the prevailing gas component (concentrations above 99.5%), with helium presenting a mantle origin (up to 90% considering a SCLM-type source). The atmospheric contribution is negligible, even though during drilling of F3 enrichments in atmospheric components such as Ar and N<sub>2</sub> have been observed. An increase in both CH<sub>4</sub> and He has been noticed in F2 (108 m borehole) at 40 m depth, whilst a decrease in He has been observed at 193 m depth in both F1 and the natural mofette. Enrichments in less soluble gases (eg. He and N<sub>2</sub>) at various depths accompanied by a minor CO<sub>2</sub> decrease have also been noticed. Such variations may have been caused by the different solubilities of gases in aquatic environments. Moreover, a decrease in CO<sub>2</sub> followed by a subsequent enrichment of CH<sub>4</sub> and C<sub>x</sub>H<sub>y</sub> during the first days after the initial drilling could promote the hypothesis of the generation of microbialy derived CH<sub>4</sub>. Diurnal variations were observed for the majority of the gas components during the last phase of the F3 drilling, when the well reached a depth >200 m.</p><p>This research is a part of the MoRe - “Mofette Research” project, which is included in the ICDP project “Drilling the Eger Rift: Magmatic fluids driving the earthquake swarms and the deep biosphere”). This work was supported by the DFG grant# WO 855/4-1 and BA 2207/19-1.</p>

scholarly journals A small-scale survey on the status of intestinal parasite infections in rural villages in Nepal

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tai-Soon Yong ◽  
Seobo Sim ◽  
Jongweon Lee ◽  
Heechoul Ohrr ◽  
Myung-Ho Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasite ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
The Status ◽  
Parasite Infections

scholarly journals Evaluating the Group Lending Development at the Vietnam Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development: A Case Study in Bac Giang Branch II

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 679-688
Author(s):  
Do Quang Giam ◽  
Dao Thi Hoang Anh ◽  
Vu Ngoc Huyen ◽  
Lai Phuong Thao ◽  
Dao Huu Bao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Political Organizations ◽  
Group Lending ◽  
The Status ◽  
Lending Activity

Group-based lending is a form of loan provision for individuals and households in rural areas for production and consumption purposes. Proceeding from the imbalance between demand and supply on small-scale capital, and also Government policies on sustainable poverty reduction, the Vietnam Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (Agribank) has coordinated with its local authorities and socio-political organizations to provide loan services via group lending. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the status of group lending development of the Agribank-Bac Giang Branch II. The paper used secondary data collected from the branch and primary data gathered from 50 representative customers and 10 credit officers related the group lending of the branch. Data analysis methods consisted of descriptive statistics and comparative analysis, incorporated with the measurements for bank performance and quality. The findings show positive prospects in both the bank and customers for the development of group lending activity and obstacles in the group lending development of the branch. The paper also proposes some solutions for the branch to tackle difficulties and promote the development of group lending in the branch in Bac Giang province.

Seismic structure of the Cheb Basin from high resolution surveying – data quality assessment and first results

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Banasiak ◽  
Florian Bleibinhaus
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Earthquake Activity ◽  
Seismic Structure ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Eger Rift ◽  
First Results ◽  
Ground Roll ◽  
Variscan Granites ◽  
Cheb Basin

<p><span><span>In this study we present data and preliminary results from several shallow high-resolution seismic surveys in the Cheb Basin, CR, a small intracontinental basin in the North-West Bohemian Massif, located at the Western end of the Cenozoic Eger Rift. The area is well known for its intense earthquake activity, with the largest instrumentally recorded magnitude of M</span></span><span><sub><span>L</span></sub></span><span><span>=4.6. Macroseismic reports of local seismicity date back to the early 19</span></span><span><sup><span>th</span></sup></span><span><span> century, with magnitudes possibly above 5. Quaternary volcanoes, CO</span></span><span><sub><span>2</span></sub></span><span><span>-rich moffettes, and the swarm-like occurrence of the earthquakes suggest they are being triggered by crustal fluids. In contrast, most focal mechanisms show a dominant strike-slip component, indicative of tectonics. Investigating the role of fluids in triggering those earthquakes is one of the objectives of an ongoing ICDP program.</span></span></p><p><span>We expect high-resolution images of the basin structure to provide additional constraints regarding the importance of tectonic faulting. To that end, we surveyed several up to 3-km-long reflection and refraction profiles in the basin center across the putative Počátky-Plesná Fault, and at its edge, across the basin-bounding Mariánské Lázně Fault. The up to 350-m-thick basin sediments are mostly of Miocene and Quaternary origin, overlying Paleozoic Variscan units and post-Variscan granites. The main reflectors are around 200-400 ms. The data were collected with a 500-m-long split-spread of single geophones at 2 m spacing, and the raw shots are dominated by ground roll. In this presentation, we will show an overview of the field campaigns and present first results.</span></p>

scholarly journals Evolution Regularity Mining and Gating Control Method of Urban Recurrent Traffic Congestion: A Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changxi Ma ◽  
Jibiao Zhou ◽  
Xuecai (Daniel) Xu ◽  
Jin Xu
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Time Correlation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Trend Prediction ◽  
Quantitative Research Methods ◽  
The Status ◽  
Evolution Trend

To understand the status quo of urban recurrent traffic congestion, the current results of recurrent traffic congestion, and gating control are reviewed from three aspects: traffic congestion identification, evolution trend prediction, and urban road network gating control. Three aspects of current research are highlighted: (a) The majority of current studies are based on statistical analyses of historical data, while congestion identification is performed by acquiring small-scale traffic parameters. Thus, congestion studies on the urban global roadway network are lacking. Situation identification and the failure to effectively warn or even avoid traffic congestion before congestion forms are not addressed; (b) correlation studies on urban roadway network congestion are inadequate, especially regarding deep learning, and considering the space-time correlation for congestion evolution trend prediction; and (c) quantitative research methods, dynamic determination of gating control areas, and effective countermeasures to eliminate traffic congestion are lacking. Regarding the shortcomings of current studies, six research directions that can be further explored in the future are presented.

scholarly journals The contribution of small-scale rural irrigation schemes towards food security of smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Smart Mhembwe ◽  
Newman Chiunya ◽  
Ernest Dube
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
The Status ◽  
Midlands Province ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Small Scale Irrigation

Smallholder farmers across Zimbabwe have been facing a problem of food insecurity because of climate-induced droughts and lack of effective use of irrigation schemes. Rainfall patterns in the country have become more unpredictable and inconsistent with the traditional farming seasons. Faced with such challenges, many smallholder farmers in Shurugwi district in the Midlands province of Zimbabwe adopted small-scale irrigation schemes to improve food security. The principal objectives of this study were to examine the status of the irrigation schemes in the district; analyse the need to rehabilitate small-scale irrigation schemes; assess the initiatives towards the revival of irrigation schemes; establish the benefits that can accrue to smallholder farmers from small-scale irrigation schemes and discuss challenges faced by smallholder farmers in the running of small-scale irrigation schemes in rural areas. This qualitative study employed literature and interviews to obtain data from 40 purposively selected participants. The direct observation method was used to compliment the interviews. The findings of the study were that small-scale rural irrigation schemes have the capacity to significantly transform the lives of rural farmers through earning increased reliable income from farming if institutional and capacity issues of the farmers are addressed. Furthermore, the study found that small-scale irrigation schemes can also be a panacea to food security challenges mainly faced by rural households. As such, the article concluded that irrigation schemes are fortress and antidote to the effects of climate change. The study calls for capacity promotion on technical skills for the farmers, the establishment of many new irrigation schemes and the rehabilitation of the existing small-scale irrigation schemes in the country as well as calling on the farmers to adopt climate-smart irrigation.

scholarly journals Prospects of Promoting NTFPs for Livelihood Improvement

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 46-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biraj Pyakurel
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Asparagus Racemosus ◽  
Dendrocalamus Strictus ◽  
Livelihood Improvement ◽  
The Status

This research entitled, “Prospects of Promoting NTFPs for Livelihood Improvement” was carried out in Habeli Community Forest of Nuwakot district with the specific objectives of assessing the status of NTFPs in the study area, studying the local people’s knowledge about NTFPs, their attitude towards collection and domestication, assessing the role of NTFPs to household economy and existing market system of NTFPs. Altogether 30 households were sampled to carry out the research and the information regarding biophysical and socio economic condition, perception towards NTFPs and their domestication were collected through various PRA and RRA tools like Household Survey, Group Discussion, and Key Informant Survey (KIS). People were generally familiar with the NTFPs and their importance and were slowly heading towards NTFPs domestication although on a small scale. The respondents have been utilizing their agricultural land to grow NTFPs like Asparagus racemosus, Emblica officinalis and other species like Dendrocalamus strictus and Arundinaria intermedia that were grown naturally on the farmlands and were also willing to domesticate more NTFPs having higher market value such as Swertiachirayita in the upcoming days. Altogether of 34 NTFPs of 28 different families were documented in the study area where most of them were in their wild stage. The C.F has the immense opportunity of promoting NTFPs in future which is at the rapid conservation stage right now. The geographical and climatic conditions are also favorable to grow NTFPs that may lead towards the initiation of forest based small scale enterprise that can eventually generate employment and income. NTFPs promotion has become essential in all parts of the country so research on this subject matter can create a milestone in the economic upliftment of the country. The future research on promotion of NTFPs, local manufacturing of NTFPs, distribution ecology and reproductive biology of NTFPS also has the great potentiality.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/init.v4i0.5535The Initiation Vol.4 2011 46-55

scholarly journals The Economic and Geographical Aspects of the Status of Small-Scale Photovoltaic Systems in Hungary—A Case Study

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Pintér ◽  
Henrik Zsiborács ◽  
Nóra Hegedűsné Baranyai ◽  
András Vincze ◽  
Zoltán Birkner
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Photovoltaic Systems ◽  
Comprehensive Investigation ◽  
Photovoltaic Power ◽  
The Status ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Geographical Locations

The use of solar energy is an obvious choice; the energy of the sun is not only indispensable for most processes in nature but it is also a clean, abundant, sustainable, and—most importantly—universally available resource. Although the further spread of photovoltaic systems, which make use of this source of energy, is expected in the future all around the world, no comprehensive investigation has been conducted into the current situation of the small-scale photovoltaic power plants in Hungary, where this type of photovoltaic system is the most popular. By means of a case study, whose novelty lies in its focus on small-scale power plants and their complex examination, including economic and geographic indicators, this paper analyzes their status in Hungary. The study endeavors to establish the reasons for the popularity of this type of power plant and to identify some typical geographical locations with well-illustrated photovoltaic density. Residential, as well as business prosumers, were examined with the aim of learning more about the density of the small-scale photovoltaic systems and their geographical locations. Another goal was to calculate the average size of small-scale photovoltaic power plants and to gain more understanding of their economic aspects. The outcomes of this research include maps displaying the density of the small-scale photovoltaic power plants in Hungary and the results of the economic calculations for such investments.

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