scholarly journals The community consultation process leading to the compilation of the 23 Unsolved Problems in Hydrology (UPH)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Cudennec ◽  
Berit Arheimer ◽  
Günter Blöschl ◽  
Maria Helena Ramos ◽  
Elena Toth
Keyword(s):  
Working Group ◽  
International Association ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Consultation Process ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
One Step ◽  
Science Symposium ◽  
Small Working

<p>This contribution summarizes the steps of, and experiences with, a wide consultation process, led by the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) that resulted in a list of 23 major unsolved scientific problems (UPH) in hydrology.</p><p>Step 1) Launch of a YouTube video, outlining the purpose of the initiative and its vision.</p><p>Step 2) Discussion via a LinkedIn group leading to a total of about 200 contributions and responses.</p><p>Steps 3-4) Two ‘in-person’ meetings organised in April 2019 in Vienna: one (Step 3) at the EGU General Assembly (attended by about 60 scientists), in order to solicit additional questions, at the end of which about 260 candidate problems had been compiled; the second one (Step 4) at the Vienna Catchment Science Symposium (VCSS) at the Vienna University of Technology (attended by about 110 scientists), to sort, merge, split, reword and prioritise the proposed questions. Through an iteration of parallel sessions (repeated twice, mixing the participants) and a final plenary voting session, a list of 16 ‘gold‘ and 29 ‘silver‘ questions was identified.</p><p>Step 5) Synthesis carried out by a small working group, involving representatives and members of IAHS, IAH, EGU and AGU, to consolidate, interpret and synthesise the questions, as well as to address potential biases in their selection that might have arisen from the composition of the participants at the meetings. The working group also pooled the questions into seven themes for clarity and communication. As a result of the synthesis process, the working group finally listed a set of 23 questions, presented in a community paper with over 200 authors (Blöschl et al., 2019, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2019.1620507).</p><p>The UPH initiative is a proof of concept that this kind of broad consultation process is actually feasible, and is well received by the hydrological scientific community. Thus, equally important as the final list, is the community-level learning process of such a consultation, involving a large number of hydrologists and the four main learned societies in the field.</p><p>Consultations such as this could and should be repeated in the future for the benefit of our discipline, since providing common research subjects will increase the coherence of the scientific process in hydrology and promote the co-building of scientific strategies and synergy towards accelerated progress in hydrological sciences and applications.</p><p>This PICO presentation gives a short overview of the consultation process and of each of the 23 questions, shares the experiences from the process and proposes some possible future steps.</p>

16th and 17th Workshops of the International Association of Vegetation Science Working Group for the European Vegetation Survey (Rome, Italy, 22-26 March 2007; Brno, Czech Republic, 1-5 May 2008)

2008 ◽  
pp. 131-133
Author(s):  
T. M. Lysenko ◽  
Yu. A. Semenishchenkov
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Working Group ◽  
International Association ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Vegetation Survey ◽  
Vegetation Science ◽  
The University ◽  
Science Working

22-26 March 2007 in Rome (Italy), in the Botanical garden of the University «La Sapienza» hosted the 16th meeting of the Working group «Review of the Vegetation of Europe» of the International Association of Vegetation Science (IAVS). These meetings are held every spring in one of the European countries and dedicated to various topics.

scholarly journals Dodecyl Mercaptan Functionalized Copper Mesh for Water Repellence and Oil-water Separation

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 887-899
Author(s):  
Yanling Tian ◽  
Jiekai Feng ◽  
Zexin Cai ◽  
Jiaqi Chao ◽  
Dawei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Oil Water Separation ◽  
One Step ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Water Repellence ◽  
Copper Mesh ◽  
Dodecyl Mercaptan

AbstractReckless discharge of industrial wastewater and domestic sewage as well as frequent leakage of crude oil have caused serious environmental problems and posed severe threat to human survival. Various nature inspired superhy-drophobic surfaces have been successfully applied in oily water remediation. However, further improvements are still urgently needed for practical application in terms of facile synthesis process and long-term durability towards harsh environment. Herein, we propose a simple one-step dodecyl mercaptan functionalization method to fabricate Super-hydrophobic-Superoleophilic Copper Mesh (SSCM). The prepared SSCM possesses excellent water repellence and oil affinity, enabling it to successfully separate various oil-water mixtures with high separation efficiency (e.g., > 99% for hexadecane-water mixture). The SSCM retains high separating ability when hot water and strong corrosive aqueous solutions are used to simulate oil-water mixtures, indicating remarkable chemical durability of the dodecyl mercaptan functionalized copper mesh. Additionally, the efficiency can be well maintained during 50 cycles of separation, and the water repellence is even stable after storage in air for 120 days, demonstrating the reusability and long-term stability of the SSCM. Furthermore, the functionalized mesh also shows good mechanical robustness towards abrasion by sandpaper, and oil-water separation efficiency of > 96% can be obtained after 10 cycles of abrasion. The reported one-step dodecyl mercaptan functionalization could be a simple method for increasing the water repellence of copper mesh, and thereby be a great candidate for treating large-scale oily wastewater in harsh environments.

scholarly journals Take Back the SAA

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Bondura ◽  
Christyann Darwent ◽  
Stephanie Halmhofer ◽  
Annalisa Heppner ◽  
Kristina Killgrove ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Group ◽  
American Archaeology ◽  
Take Back ◽  
Small Working

Summary of the goals and accomplishments of the Awesome Small Working Group of the Society for American Archaeology.

Direct freezing of whole blood enables analysis of leucocyte markers by flow cytometry: a proof-of-concept study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pénélope Bourgoin ◽  
Inès Ait Belkacem ◽  
Isabelle Arnoux ◽  
Pierre-Emmanuel Morange ◽  
Fabrice Malergue
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Fresh Blood ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Step Flow ◽  
Freezing Method ◽  
One Step

Aim: A new one-step flow cytometry procedure has been recently demonstrated for identifying subjects with infections, but only for fresh whole blood samples. The goal of this study was to assess its applicability on frozen samples, by proposing a new method to perform the sample freezing directly and easily. Methods: Fresh blood was tested, then frozen either directly or with dimethylsulfoxide and serum. Common markers of white blood cells as well as infection-related biomarkers were tested. Results: All percentages of leucocyte subsets and levels of infection-related biomarkers were significantly correlated between frozen and fresh samples. Conclusion: The direct freezing method enables an accurate assessment of common cellular sub-populations and of levels of important infectious biomarkers via flow cytometry.

scholarly journals Electroanalytical Performance of Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Films Processed in One Step by Pulsed Laser Deposition Directly Coupled with Thermal Annealing

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florent Bourquard ◽  
Yannick Bleu ◽  
Anne-Sophie Loir ◽  
Borja Caja-Munoz ◽  
José Avila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Pulsed Laser Deposition ◽  
Graphene Film ◽  
Pulsed Laser ◽  
Laser Deposition ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Nitrogen Doped ◽  
Nitrogen Doped Graphene ◽  
Doped Graphene ◽  
One Step

Graphene-based materials are widely studied to enable significant improvements in electroanalytical devices requiring new generations of robust, sensitive and low-cost electrodes. In this paper, we present a direct one-step route to synthetize a functional nitrogen-doped graphene film onto a Ni-covered silicon electrode substrate heated at high temperature, by pulsed laser deposition of carbon in the presence of a surrounding nitrogen atmosphere, with no post-deposition transfer of the film. With the ferrocene methanol system, the functionalized electrode exhibits excellent reversibility, close to the theoretical value of 59 mV, and very high sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide oxidation. Our electroanalytical results were correlated with the composition and nanoarchitecture of the N-doped graphene film containing 1.75 at % of nitrogen and identified as a few-layer defected and textured graphene film containing a balanced mixture of graphitic-N and pyrrolic-N chemical functions. The absence of nitrogen dopant in the graphene film considerably degraded some electroanalytical performances. Heat treatment extended beyond the high temperature graphene synthesis did not significantly improve any of the performances. This work contributes to a better understanding of the electrochemical mechanisms of doped graphene-based electrodes obtained by a direct and controlled synthesis process.

scholarly journals Deep-learning-based macro-pixel synthesis and lossless coding of light field images

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ionut Schiopu ◽  
Adrian Munteanu
Keyword(s):  
Light Field ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
View Synthesis ◽  
Base Layer ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Enhancement Layer ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Average Improvement ◽  
Lossless Coding ◽  
One Step

Abstract This paper proposes a novel approach for lossless coding of light field (LF) images based on a macro-pixel (MP) synthesis technique which synthesizes the entire LF image in one step. The reference views used in the synthesis process are selected based on four different view configurations and define the reference LF image. This image is stored as an array of reference MPs which collect one pixel from each reference view, being losslessly encoded as a base layer. A first contribution focuses on a novel network design for view synthesis which synthesizes the entire LF image as an array of synthesized MPs. A second contribution proposes a network model for coding which computes the MP prediction used for lossless encoding of the remaining views as an enhancement layer. Synthesis results show an average distortion of 29.82 dB based on four reference views and up to 36.19 dB based on 25 reference views. Compression results show an average improvement of 29.9% over the traditional lossless image codecs and 9.1% over the state-of-the-art.

scholarly journals A Simple Synthesis of Higher Refractive Index Polymeric Nanocomposite Containing the Pendant ZnS Nanocrystals Capping Different Amount of Mercaptoethanol

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Xinxin Li ◽  
Jinku Xu
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Glycidyl Methacrylate ◽  
Nmr Spectra ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Polymeric Matrices ◽  
Transparent Films ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
One Step ◽  
Zns Nanocrystals ◽  
Pure Poly

In this paper, three kinds of ZnS NPs capping different amount of mercaptoethanol (ME) were synthesized, and the effect of capping amount on ZnS NPs was studied, indicating that the capping amount of ME on ZnS surface decreases, while ZnS size increases as the decrease of added capping agent in synthesis process, and ZnS NP capping middle amount of ME (~27.7 wt%) shows a highest apparent refractive index (RI) value. ZnS NPs were composited into polymeric matrices by a simple “one-step” thermocuring method characterized by adding a small amount of functional monomer of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and solvent of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) The reaction mechanism, studied by 1H NMR spectra, indicates that the epoxy of GMA monomer can be easily opened and chemically grafted on ME-capped ZnS surface under the catalysis of DMF, and then copolymerized with other monomer. By the route, ZnS NPs can be composited into pure poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide)-type (DMA-type), DMA-type copolymer, and DMA-free matrices to fabricate transparent films, and its RI value can be improved by either optimizing capping amount on ZnS surface or increasing ZnS content in the nanocomposites. The RI value of resulting dried nanocomposites can be improved to 1.764 by compositing 80 wt% ZnS capping middle amount of ME.

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