The kinematic evolution of the Demerara plateau and Guyana-Suriname margins

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Júlia Gómez-Romeu ◽  
Emmanuel Masini ◽  
Nick Kusznir ◽  
Sylvain Calassou
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Data ◽  
Moho Depth ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Equatorial Atlantic ◽  
Kinematic Evolution ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Complex Architecture ◽  
Central Atlantic

<p>The Caribbean region has undergone a complex plate kinematics evolution due to the interaction between Central Atlantic pre-subduction paleogeography and Caribbean subduction dynamics. To better understand the initiation and dynamics of the Caribbean subduction it is important to determine the pre-subduction template. However, this template cannot be easily recognized as it either suffered from pervasive tectonic overprinting or has been consumed by subduction. To address this problem, it may be valuable to first unravel the structure and deformation history of the surrounding areas of the Caribbean region.</p><p>Here we investigate the kinematic evolution of the Triassic-Jurassic Demerara plateau and Guyana-Suriname (i.e Dp and G-S) margins which are present-day located to the south of the Caribbean subduction. To achieve our aim, we use seismic, gravity and magnetic data and apply a gravity anomaly inversion technique to determine Moho depth, crustal basement thickness and crustal thinning factor.</p><p>The Dp and G-S margins avoided subduction and consequently preserve the divergent history of Early Jurassic to Early Cretaceous rifting related to the opening of the Central Atlantic and Equatorial Atlantic respectively. This is inferred by a complex architecture of the Dp and G-S margins characterized by a set of transfer zones that crosscut each other.</p><p>By unravelling the kinematic evolution of the Dp and G-S margins we attempt to determine the pre-subduction template of the surrounding area of the Caribbean region.</p>

scholarly journals From the Sea to the Land: Dynamic of the Sargassum Tide Holobiont in the Caribbean Islands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Jean Lopez ◽  
Vincent Hervé ◽  
Josie Lambourdière ◽  
Malika René-Trouillefou ◽  
Damien Devault
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Trophic Interactions ◽  
Methanogenic Archaea ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Brown Tides ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Risks Assessment ◽  
Specific Species ◽  
Associated Species ◽  
Central Atlantic

Abstract BackgroundOver the last decade, intensity and frequency of Sargassum blooms in the Caribbean Sea and central Atlantic Ocean have dramatically increased, causing growing ecological, social and economic concern throughout the entire Caribbean region. These golden-brown tides form an ecosystem that maintains life for a large number of associated species, and their circulation across the Atlantic Ocean support the displacement and maybe the settlement of various species, especially microorganisms. To comprehensively identify the micro- and meiofauna associated to Sargassum, one hundred samples were collected during the 2018 tide events that were the largest ever recorded.ResultsWe investigated the composition and the existence of specific species in three compartments, namely, Sargassum at tide sites, in the surrounding seawater, and in inland seaweed storage sites. Metabarcoding data revealed shifts between compartments in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities, and large differences for eukaryotes especially bryozoans, nematodes and ciliates. Among the most abundant nematodes, we identified various bacterivores in all compartments, suggesting trophic interactions in Sargassum tides. We also found a number of species of interest, including methanogenic archaea, sulfate- and nitrate-reducing bacteria as well as putative pathogens.ConclusionsHere we present novel information on the diversity and trophic interactions of the micro- and meiofauna that are associated with Sargassum at tide and storage sites. Such information may help to better understand the ecological consequences of the Sargassum crises, and to develop proper analyses of the Sargassum associated biodiversity that could be important for application purposes such as biogas or fertilizers production, and to local authority for risks assessment.

“Cuba Libre”

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Njoroge Njoroge
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Production ◽  
Cultural Identification ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Labor Discipline ◽  
Political Evolution ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Cross Fertilization

This chapter explores musical and political evolution of Cuba in the early 20th century. Cuba provides an interesting condensation of the history of the Caribbean region where sugar and slavery were the dominating and defining features of society. Musical developments in Cuba demonstrate this history on a cultural plane, and by examining the music of the Rumba and the Son in the pre-revolutionary Cuban context and their confluence and cross-fertilization in the 20th century, we can glimpse dynamics of national and regional consciousness, ethnic and cultural identification, class formations and power, slave culture, experience and expression, the transitions of emancipation and urbanization, and the different rhythms of industrial production and modern labor-discipline. The Cuban counterpoint of the Rumba/Son complex reveals the complex interrelations between modes of production and musical formations and the polyrhythmic tensions of race, class, and nation.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
William Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
The Political ◽  
The World ◽  
Colonial Experience ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Formed Part ◽  
Historical Past

V.S. Naipaul is one of the most internationally acclaimed twentieth-century writers from the Caribbean region. Yet it is usually assumed that he was neither much influenced by the Caribbean literary and intellectual tradition, nor very influential upon it. This chapter argues that these assumptions are wrong. It situates Naipaul’s life and work within the political, social, and intellectual history of the twentieth-century Caribbean. Naipaul’s work formed part of a larger historical debate about the sociology of slavery in the Caribbean, the specificity of Caribbean colonial experience, and the influence of that historical past on Caribbean life, culture, and politics after independence. The chapter closes with a reading of Naipaul’s late, retrospective book about Trinidad, A Way in the World.

scholarly journals Spintharus flavidus in the Caribbean – a 30 million year biogeographical history and radiation of a ‘widespread species’

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Austin Dziki ◽  
Greta Binford ◽  
Jonathan A Coddington ◽  
Ingi Agnarsson
Keyword(s):  
Single Species ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Caribbean Islands ◽  
Island Endemics ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Limited Dispersal ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Caribbean

The Caribbean island biota is characterized by high levels of endemism, the result of an interplay between colonization opportunities on islands and effective oceanic barriers among them. A relatively small percentage of the biota is represented by ‘widespread species’, presumably taxa for which oceanic barriers are ineffective. Few studies have explored in detail the genetic structure of widespread Caribbean taxa. The cobweb spider Spintharus flavidus Hentz, 1850 (Theridiidae) is one of two described Spintharus species and is unique in being widely distributed from northern N. America to Brazil and throughout the Caribbean. As a taxonomic hypothesis, Spintharus “flavidus” predicts maintenance of gene flow among Caribbean islands, a prediction that seems contradicted by known S. flavidus biology, which suggests limited dispersal ability. As part of an extensive survey of Caribbean arachnids (project CarBio), we conducted the first molecular phylogenetic analysis of S. flavidus with the primary goal of testing the ‘widespread species’ hypothesis. Our results, while limited to three molecular loci, reject the hypothesis of a single widespread species. Instead this lineage seems to represent a radiation with at least 16 species in the Caribbean region. Nearly all are short range endemics with several distinct mainland groups and others being single island endemics. While limited taxon sampling, with a single specimen from S. America, constrains what we can infer about the biogeographical history of the lineage, clear patterns still emerge. Consistent with limited overwater dispersal, we find evidence for a single colonization of the Caribbean about 30 million years ago, coinciding with the timing of the GAARLandia landbridge hypothesis. In sum, S. “flavidus” is not a single species capable of frequent overwater dispersal, but rather a 30 my old radiation of single island endemics that provides preliminary support for a complex and contested geological hypothesis.

NEW PERSPECTIVES ON SLAVERY AND EMANCIPATION IN THE BRITISH CARIBBEAN

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 855-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTER PETLEY
Keyword(s):  
Strong Influence ◽  
Atlantic History ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
New Work ◽  
Imperial History ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
British Caribbean ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Caribbean

ABSTRACTNew approaches to British imperial history and the rise of Atlantic history have had a strong influence on historians specializing in the history of the British-colonized Caribbean during the era of slavery. Caribbean scholars have always stressed the importance of transatlantic and colonial connections, but these new perspectives have encouraged historians to rethink the ways that Caribbean colonies and the imperial metropole shaped one another and to reconsider the place of the Caribbean region within wider Atlantic and global contexts. Attention to transatlantic links has become especially important in new work on abolition and emancipation. Scholars have also focused more of their attention on white colonizing elites, looking in particular at colonial identities and at strategies of control. Meanwhile, recent calls for pan-Caribbean approaches to the history of the region are congruent with pleas for more detailed and nuanced understandings of the development of slave and post-slave societies, focusing on specifically Caribbean themes while setting these in their wider imperial, Atlantic, and global contexts.

Rogue Bankers, Black Radicalism, and the Caribbean History of Racial Capitalism

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-207
Author(s):  
Peter James Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Aspect ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Wall Street ◽  
History Of Capitalism ◽  
Caribbean History ◽  
Racial Capitalism ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
History Of Finance

This essay offers a response to two critical commentaries—from diplomatic historian Brenda Gayle Plummer and political theorist Clarisse Burden-Stelly—on the author’s Bankers and Empire: How Wall Street Colonized the Caribbean. While locating both commentaries under the epistemological and political purview of the radical wing of black studies, the essay focuses on four topics that appear in Plummer’s and Burden-Stelly’s comments: (1) the question of class, and in particular the role of the Caribbean middle classes, in the history of finance, banking, imperial expansion, and Caribbean sovereignty; (2) the particular status and nature of the Caribbean region within the history of capitalism; (3) the nature and the meaning of the well-worn term racial capitalism; and (4) the idea of “war” as a fundamental aspect of the modes of regulation and accumulation of said racial capitalism.

scholarly journals Spintharus flavidus in the Caribbean – a 30 million year biogeographical history and radiation of a ‘widespread species’

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Austin Dziki ◽  
Greta Binford ◽  
Jonathan A Coddington ◽  
Ingi Agnarsson
Keyword(s):  
Single Species ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Caribbean Islands ◽  
Island Endemics ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Limited Dispersal ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Caribbean

The Caribbean island biota is characterized by high levels of endemism, the result of an interplay between colonization opportunities on islands and effective oceanic barriers among them. A relatively small percentage of the biota is represented by ‘widespread species’, presumably taxa for which oceanic barriers are ineffective. Few studies have explored in detail the genetic structure of widespread Caribbean taxa. The cobweb spider Spintharus flavidus Hentz, 1850 (Theridiidae) is one of two described Spintharus species and is unique in being widely distributed from northern N. America to Brazil and throughout the Caribbean. As a taxonomic hypothesis, Spintharus “flavidus” predicts maintenance of gene flow among Caribbean islands, a prediction that seems contradicted by known S. flavidus biology, which suggests limited dispersal ability. As part of an extensive survey of Caribbean arachnids (project CarBio), we conducted the first molecular phylogenetic analysis of S. flavidus with the primary goal of testing the ‘widespread species’ hypothesis. Our results, while limited to three molecular loci, reject the hypothesis of a single widespread species. Instead this lineage seems to represent a radiation with at least 16 species in the Caribbean region. Nearly all are short range endemics with several distinct mainland groups and others being single island endemics. While limited taxon sampling, with a single specimen from S. America, constrains what we can infer about the biogeographical history of the lineage, clear patterns still emerge. Consistent with limited overwater dispersal, we find evidence for a single colonization of the Caribbean about 30 million years ago, coinciding with the timing of the GAARLandia landbridge hypothesis. In sum, S. “flavidus” is not a single species capable of frequent overwater dispersal, but rather a 30 my old radiation of single island endemics that provides preliminary support for a complex and contested geological hypothesis.

Cotton and Salt: Swedish Colonial Aspirations and the Transformation of Saint Barthélemy in the Eighteenth Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-287
Author(s):  
Holger Weiss ◽  
Laura Hollsten ◽  
Stefan Norrgård
Keyword(s):  
Environmental History ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
History Of ◽  
Environmental Histories ◽  
The Caribbean

The environmental history of the Caribbean has been strongly associated with the consequences of sugar cane agriculture and extreme weather phenomena. Consequently, other aspects of environmental change at play in the Caribbean region have remained less known. However, islands such as Anguilla, Barbuda, and Saint Barthélemy had no or very few sugar plantations. The fact that non-sugar producing islands had to find other ways of supporting themselves shaped their environmental history in ways that differed from that of the sugar islands. These alternative environmental histories deserve to be highlighted when presenting the historiography of the Caribbean. In this article, the island of Saint Barthélemy serves as a case study of an island where sugar cane agriculture was absent and tropical storms and hurricanes were of lesser consequence. In outlining the environmental history of Saint Barthélemy during the first decades of Swedish colonial rule, in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century, the article shows that the Swedish takeover resulted in environmental changes. Sweden’s ambitions and expectations concerning the improvement of the island were initially high and much effort was put into the development of the economy. The rationale for the Swedish plans was to exploit the few and scarce resources of the island, but it was the harbour that became the most successful endeavour.

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