Catalyzing innovation: governance enablers of nature-based solution success stories

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliette Genevieve Crescentia Martin ◽  
JoAnne Linnerooth-Bayer ◽  
Anna Scolobig ◽  
Wei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Advocacy Coalition ◽  
Environmental Advocacy ◽  
Success Stories ◽  
Wide Range

<p>There is growing recognition that using the properties of nature can help provide viable and cost-effective solutions to a wide range of societal challenges, including disaster risk reduction. However, nature-based solution (NBS) realization depends critically on the legal, institutional, social, political and financial conditions – that is, the governance framework - that enable the NBS policy process. Drawing from three case studies in Nocera Inferiore (Italy), Munich (Germany) and Wolong (China), we identify key governance enablers of successful NBS - that is, the contextual pre-conditions, policy processes and institutions that proved helpful or even essential for the initiation, planning, design and implementation of NBS. Results show that the most critical enablers involved governance innovation in three areas: polycentric governance (novel arrangements in the public administration that involved multiple institutional scales and/or sectors), NBS co-design (innovative stakeholder participatory processes that influenced the final NBS) and financial incentives (financial incentives for community-based implementation and monitoring of NBS). Further enablers for realizing NBS, as demonstrated in the three cases, include environmental advocacy coalition groups, along with their individual champions, and a major triggering or modelled event, which opened a window of opportunity to advocate for a nature-based or hybrid green-blue-grey solution. Findings show that the transition from grey solutions to NBS can be justified with, and contribute to, multiple global agendas and targets, including disaster risk reduction, climate change adaptation, halting biodiversity loss and sustainable development.</p>

Considerations and principles for conducting a participatory capacity and vulnerability analysis (PCVA) for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iftekhar Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Vulnerability Analysis ◽  
Participatory Development ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range

Purpose While there are many such toolkits on community-based participatory methods, the key considerations and principles of conducting a participatory capacity and vulnerability analysis (PCVA) are less covered, yet they are central to the effective conduct of a PCVA, the reason why this paper focuses on such issues. Design/methodology/approach This paper is derived from a toolkit that was produced for Oxfam Australia. Disasters and climate change are major drivers of poverty and significantly affect the communities that development programs of Oxfam Australia aim to assist. Recognising the importance of building its organisational capacity to address these risks, Oxfam Australia initiated and commissioned the production of a PCVA toolkit to support disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation programs; the production of the toolkit was led by the author. The methodology of producing the toolkit consisted of discussions with experts and a review of similar toolkits. Findings Details of the PCVA process and how to conduct one in a community setting are provided including PCVA concepts, briefing, logistics and management and principles of working with communities. Importantly, the different stages of conducting a PCVA are explained, and some selected tools are presented as illustrative examples. In conclusion, the importance of the PCVA considerations and principles are reaffirmed vis-à-vis the sensitivity and soft skills required in a low-income developing country setting. Originality/value The participatory development approach, which the toolkit follows, has been widely advocated for the past few decades and most non-governmental organisations involved in community development espouse this approach. Consequently, a wide range of participatory development toolkits have been developed, many of which relate to disasters and climate change. The PCVA toolkit discussed in this paper draws on the repertoire of toolkits already available and used over a long time. Nonetheless, effort was given to assembling a range of tools that were most suitable for the purpose of this particular PCVA toolkit. Instead of focussing on the tools, which are available from the freely downloadable toolkit and available in the public domain, in this paper, the PCVA process and its main principles are explained, and the key considerations to carry out an effective PCVA is discussed. Perhaps even more than the actual tools, these considerations and an understanding of the PCVA principles are significant because they underpin the utilisation of the toolkit.

scholarly journals Innovative practices for the promotion of local/indigenous knowledge for disaster risk reduction management in Sudur Paschim Province, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kabi Prasad Pokhrel ◽  
Shambhu Prasad Khatiwada ◽  
Narayan Prasad Paudel ◽  
Keshav Raj Dhakal ◽  
Chhabilal Chidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Educational Policy ◽  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Disaster Risk

This study is an attempt to point out the variety of natural hazards, such as landslides, droughts, soil erosion, earthquakes, lightening and floods in Sudur Paschim province of Nepal which are exacerbated by environmental degradation processes such as deforestation, desertification, biodiversity loss, soil crisp and watershed degradation. The study was  carried out using participatory approach and process for collecting information, established methods and techniques to identify the hazard prone area with type and intensity  and multi criteria evaluation method to prioritize replicable actions with   location -specific innovative practices and their  legitimization  for integrating local and indigenous knowledge into  science and technology through educational policy and assessment to incorporate local and indigenous knowledge as live science in disaster and climate change education. Findings of the study reveal that varieties of natural hazards in combination with social factors such as poverty, conflict and inequality and these events and processes result in frequent disasters. When threatened by a hazard, indigenous communities respond by making use of all this knowledge and practices, which has evolved over generations, and continue to adapt to future changes. However, these traditional, often faith-based, beliefs and practices are embedded in their day-today lives are key to their resilience in the face of natural hazards. Many communities are concerned that this knowledge might be lost as the elderly die without transferring it to younger members of the community due to lack of proper educational policy and strategic development plans and have not properly addressed natural hazards and socio-economic vulnerability by coping local/indigenous knowledge into practices. Indigenous and traditional knowledge is a precious national resource that can support the process of disaster prevention, preparedness and response in cost-effective disaster risk reduction. Asa suggestive measures, ,findings of the study forwarded  some policy issues in the context of disaster risk reduction local practices and their need to integrate mainstreaming educational programs with producing tools for integrating local and indigenous knowledge with science; and develop information, education and communication that promote local/ indigenous knowledge for the multi hazard risk reduction and climate change adaptation in mostly vulnerable locations of Sudur Paschim Province, Nepal. 

Data interoperability for disaster risk reduction in Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 804-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Migliorini ◽  
Jenny Sjåstad Hagen ◽  
Jadranka Mihaljević ◽  
Jaroslav Mysiak ◽  
Jean-Louis Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Risk Governance ◽  
Data Interoperability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss how, despite increasing data availability from a wide range of sources unlocks unprecedented opportunities for disaster risk reduction, data interoperability remains a challenge due to a number of barriers. As a first step to enhancing data interoperability for disaster risk reduction is to identify major barriers, this paper presents a case study on data interoperability in disaster risk reduction in Europe, linking current barriers to the regional initiative of the European Science and Technology Advisory Group. Design/methodology/approach In support of Priority 2 (“Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk”) of the Sendai Framework and SDG17 (“Partnerships for the goals”), this paper presents a case study on barriers to data interoperability in Europe based on a series of reviews, surveys and interviews with National Sendai Focal Points and stakeholders in science and research, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations and industry. Findings For a number of European countries, there remains a clear imbalance between long-term disaster risk reduction and short-term preparation and the dominant role of emergency relief, response and recovery, pointing to the potential of investments in ex ante measures with better inclusion and exploitation of data. Originality/value Modern society is facing a digital revolution. As highlighted by the International Council of Science and the Committee on Data for Science and Technology, digital technology offers profound opportunities for science to discover unsuspected patterns and relationships in nature and society, on scales from the molecular to the cosmic, from local health systems to global sustainability. It has created the potential for disciplines of science to synergize into a holistic understanding of the complex challenges currently confronting humanity; the Sustainable Development Goals are a direct reflectance of this. Interdisciplinary is obtained with integration of data across relevant disciplines. However, a barrier to realization and exploitation of this potential arises from the incompatible data standards and nomenclatures used in different disciplines. Although the problem has been addressed by several initiatives, the following challenge still remains: to make online data integration a routine.

scholarly journals Guidance for Health Risk Assessment at Recurrent Mass Gatherings: The Jeddah Tool Framework

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Kingsley L. Bieh ◽  
Anas Khan ◽  
Ahmed El-Ganainy ◽  
Badriah Alotaibi ◽  
Sujoud Ghallab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mass Gatherings ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract A wide range of natural and man-made hazards increases the health risks at mass gatherings (MGs). Building on the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, the World Health Organization (WHO) developed the Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management (H-EDRM) framework to strengthen preparedness, response, and recovery from health emergencies in the communities and emergency-prone settings, such as MGs. The Jeddah tool is derived from the H-EDRM framework as an all-hazard MG risk assessment tool, which provides a benchmark for monitoring progress made in capacity strengthening over a given period for recurrent MGs. Additionally, it introduces a reputational risk assessment domain to complement vulnerability and capacity assessment matrixes. This paper describes the key elements of the Jeddah tool to improve the understanding of health risk assessment at MGs in the overarching contexts of health emergencies and disaster risk reduction, in line with international goals.

Analisis Longsor Cililin Dan Model Pengupayaan Kestabilan Lerengnya

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wisyanto
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Landslide Risk ◽  
West Java ◽  
Water Condition ◽  
Reduction Program ◽  
Landslide Risk Reduction

Landslides have occurred in various places in Indonesia. Likewise with West Java, there were many regions that has experienced repeated landslides. Having many experience of occurrences of landslides, we should have had a good landslide risk reduction program. Indeed, the incidence of landslides depends on many variables. Due to that condition, it may that a region would have different variable with another region. So it is impossible to generalize the implementation of a mitigation technology for all areas prone to landslides. Research of the Cililin's landslide is to anticipate the next disasters that may happen in around the area of 2013 Cililin Landslide. Through observation lithological conditions, water condition, land cover and landscape, as well as consideration of wide dimension of the building footing, the distance of building to the slopes and so forth, it has been determined some efforts of disaster risk reduction in the area around the landslide against the occurrence of potential landslide in the future.Bencana tanah longsor telah terjadi di berbagai tempat di Indonesia. Demikian halnya dengan Jawa Barat, tidak sedikit daerahnya telah berulang kali mengalami longsor. Seharusnya dengan telah banyaknya kejadian longsor, kita mampu mengupayakan program penurunan risiko longsor secara baik. Memang kejadian longsor bergantung pada banyak variabel, dimana dari satu daerah dengan daerah yang lain akan sangat memungkinkan mempunyai variabel yang berbeda, sehingga tidak mungkin kita membuat generalisasi penerapan suatu teknologi mitigasinya untuk semua daerah rawan longsor. Penelitian longsor di Cililin dilakukan untuk mengantisipasi terjadinya bencana di sekitar daerah Longsor Cililin 2013 yang lalu. Melalui pengamatan kondisi litologi, keairan, tutupan lahan dan bentang alam yang ada, serta pertimbangan akan dimensi luas pijakan bangunan, jarak batas bangunan dengan lereng dan lain sebagainya, telah ditentukan beberapa upaya penurunan risiko bencana di daerah sekitar longsor terhadap potensi kejadian longsor dimasa mendatang.Keywords: Landslide, risk reduction, footing of building, Cililin

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