Extreme precipitation increases plant biomass through altering nitrogen acquisition by grasses and soil microorganisms

N Form ◽

Climate Events ◽

N Acquisition

Extreme precipitation events resulting from climate change have strong impact on structure and functions of grassland ecosystems. The extreme climate events may shift plant productivity and nutrient acquisition preferences by roots and microorganisms.We conducted an extreme precipitation simulation experiment and used in-situ 15N labeling of the three N forms to investigate N acquisition (N uptake rate, 15N recovery and preference for N form) by the dominant plant species Stipa grandis and soil microorganisms.Increased rain frequency raised the growth and N acquisition of S. grandis, while microbial N uptake remains unaffected. Microorganisms strongly outcompeted S. grandis for total 15N acquisition, however such superiority decreased in higher extreme precipitation frequency. Plant and microorganisms converged their N demands from distinct to similar preferences for N forms with high precipitation frequency. Such chemical niche partitioning by extreme precipitation effectively reduced root and microbial competition for each N form. Overall, important mechanistical insights into chemical niche differentiation by the effects of extreme climate events and their effects on structure, functions and plant-microbial interactions in temperate grasslands were explained.

Assessing the Impacts of Extreme Precipitation Change on Vegetation Activity

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11060487 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 487

Author(s):

Fengsong Pei ◽

Yi Zhou ◽

Yan Xia

Keyword(s):

Return Period ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Extreme Precipitation ◽

Period Analysis ◽

Extreme Climate Events ◽

Extreme Climate ◽

Vegetation Activity ◽

Climate Events ◽

Precipitation Events

Extreme climate events frequently have more severe effects on terrestrial vegetation activity than long-term changes in climate averages. However, changes in extreme climate events as well as their potential risk on vegetation activity are still poorly understood. By using the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River (MLR-YR) in China as an example, this paper aims to understand the vegetation response to changes in extreme precipitation events from 1982 to 2012 using the maximum normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) as an indicator. By applying extreme value theory (EVT), the potential risks of extreme precipitation events on vegetation activity were analyzed by conducting return period analysis. Results indicated that vegetation activity could be affected by extreme precipitation events, especially the combined effects of the frequency and intensity of precipitation extremes. For instance, vegetation activity could be enhanced in the regions with weakened intensity but increased occurrence of extreme precipitation events. In addition, we found potential risk of extreme precipitation events on vegetation activity from the results of precipitation extreme trend and return period analysis. These phenomena can be associated with the local occurrence of extreme precipitation events, different land cover types, and soil moisture cumulative effect on vegetation growth. This study stresses the importance of considering both current changes in and the potential risk of extreme precipitation events to understand their effects on vegetation activity.

Changes in Extreme Climate Events in Rice-Growing Regions Under Different Warming Scenarios in China

Frontiers in Earth Science ◽

10.3389/feart.2021.655128 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Jieming Chou ◽

Weixing Zhao ◽

Jiangnan Li ◽

Yuan Xu ◽

Fan Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Global Warming ◽

Critical Time ◽

Regional Governance ◽

Disaster Mitigation ◽

Central China ◽

Time Points ◽

Extreme Climate Events ◽

Extreme Climate ◽

Scientific prediction of critical time points of the global temperature increases and assessment of the associated changes in extreme climate events can provide essential guidance for agricultural production, regional governance, and disaster mitigation. Using daily temperature and precipitation model outputs from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), the time points of the temperature that will increase by 1.5 and 2.0°C were assessed under three different scenarios (SSP126, SSP245, and SSP585). To characterize the change of extreme climate events in the rice-growing regions in China, six indices were designed, and a time slice method was used. An analysis from an ensemble of CMIP6 models showed that under SSP245, the global mean temperature will rise by 1.5°C/2.0°C by approximately 2030/2049. A global warming of 2.0°C does not occur under SSP126. The time for a 1.5°C/2.0°C warming all becomes earlier under SSP585. Under 1.5°C of global warming, the number of warm days (TX90p), rice heat damage index (Ha), consecutive dry days (CDD), 5-day maximum precipitation (Rx5day), and number of annual total extreme precipitation events (R99pTOT) will clearly increase, while the number of cold damage (Cd) events will decrease. All the indices show a strong variability regionally. For example, the CDD increased significantly in the Central China and South China rice-growing regions. The monthly maximum consecutive 5-day precipitation increased by as much as 6.8 mm in the Southwest China rice-growing region.

Scientific Journal of Riga Technical University Environmental and Climate Technologies ◽

Changes of Extreme Climate Events in Latvia

10.2478/v10145-012-0010-1 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 4-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Zanita Avotniece ◽

Maris Klavins ◽

Valerijs Rodinovs

Keyword(s):

Spatial Heterogeneity ◽

Extreme Precipitation ◽

Negative Temperature ◽

Temperature Extremes ◽

Extreme Climate Events ◽

Extreme Climate ◽

Air Temperatures ◽

Long Term Changes ◽

Abstract Extreme climate events are increasingly recognized as a threat to human health, agriculture, forestry and other sectors. To assess the occurrence and impacts of extreme climate events, we have investigated the changes of indexes characterizing positive and negative temperature extremes and extreme precipitation as well as the spatial heterogeneity of extreme climate events in Latvia. Trend analysis of long-term changes in the frequency of extreme climate events demonstrated a significant increase in the number of days with extremely high air temperatures and extreme precipitation, and a decrease in the number extremely cold days.

Do Extreme Climate Events Cause the Degradation of Malus sieversii Forests in China?

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.608211 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Qianjuan Shan ◽

Hongbo Ling ◽

Hangzheng Zhao ◽

Mengyi Li ◽

Zikang Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tree Ring ◽

Extreme Precipitation ◽

Heavy Rain ◽

Tree Ring Chronology ◽

Extreme Climate Events ◽

Extreme Climate ◽

Malus Sieversii ◽

Wild Fruit ◽

Warm Spell ◽

Frequent extreme climate events have attracted considerable attention around the world. Malus sieversii in Xinjiang is the ancestor of cultivated apple, and it is mainly distributed in the Ili river valley at end of the Tianshan Mountains. Wild fruit forests have been degraded, but the cause remains unclear. In order to identify whether extreme climate events caused this degradation reanalysis data and atmospheric circulation indices were used to determine the trends and the reasons for extreme climate changes. Subsequently, we further investigated the effect of extreme climate events on wild fruit forest using characteristics of extreme climate indices and tree-ring chronology. We found increasing trends in both extreme precipitation and warm indices, and decreasing trends in cool indices. Extreme climate events were mainly associated with the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). Analysis of data of wind and geopotential height field at 500 hPa showed that strengthening wind, increasing geopotential height, cyclone and anti-cyclone circulation drivers contributed to extreme climate events. In the non-degraded region, there were significant positive correlations between tree-ring chronology and both extreme precipitation and extreme warm indices (except for warm spell duration indicator). The other extreme indices (except for heavy rain days) had a large correlation range with tree-rings in a 4–8-year period. These results indicated that extreme precipitation and extreme warm indices intensified M. sieversii growth of the non-degraded region on multi-time scales. In contrast, the degraded region showed insignificant negative relationship between tree-ring chronology and both extreme precipitation and extreme warm indices [except for warm spell duration index (WSDI)], and significant negative correlations in a 4–8-year period were detected between tree-ring chronology and most of the extreme precipitation indices, including heavy rain days, very wet days, cold spell duration indicator, simple precipitation intensity index (SDII), and annual total precipitation. Under the long disturbance of inappropriate anthropic activities, extreme climate has caused the outbreak of pests and diseases resulting in the degeneration of wild fruit forest. Our study provides scientific guidance for the ecosystem conservation in wild fruit forest in China, and also across the region.

Extreme Climate Events and Financial Values: Empirical Evidence From the Stock Market

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3710023 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Alessandro Ravina ◽

Anna Maria D'Arcangelis ◽

Giulia Rotundo

Keyword(s):

Stock Market ◽

Empirical Evidence ◽

Extreme Climate Events ◽

Extreme Climate ◽

A study on the impact of the 2017 early monsoon flash flood: potential measures to safeguard livelihoods from extreme climate events in the haor area of Bangladesh

International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction ◽

10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102247 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 102247

Author(s):

Nepal C. Dey ◽

Mahmood Parvez ◽

Mir Raihanul Islam

Keyword(s):

Flash Flood ◽

Extreme Climate Events ◽

Extreme Climate ◽

Climate Events ◽

The Impact

Can animal habitat use patterns influence their vulnerability to extreme climate events? An estuarine sportfish case study

Global Change Biology ◽

10.1111/gcb.13761 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (10) ◽

pp. 4045-4057 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Ross E. Boucek ◽

Michael R. Heithaus ◽

Rolando Santos ◽

Philip Stevens ◽

Jennifer S. Rehage

Keyword(s):

Habitat Use ◽

Extreme Climate Events ◽

Use Patterns ◽

Extreme Climate ◽

Climate Events ◽

Animal Habitat

Comparative Analysis or Precipitation Variation Characteristics between Subtropical Monsoon Climate and Temperate Monsoon Climate-Take Changsha and Chengde for Example

Tobacco Regulatory Science ◽

10.18001/trs.7.5.29 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 1113-1122

Author(s):

Bo Chen ◽

Shi-jun Xu ◽

Xin-ping Zhang ◽

Yi Xie

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Extreme Precipitation ◽

Precipitation Intensity ◽

Annual Precipitation ◽

Wet Season ◽

Precipitation Frequency ◽

Average Precipitation ◽

Autumn And Winter ◽

Average Annual Precipitation

Using the methods of literature review, regression analysis and moving average, this paper selects the daily precipitation of Changsha and Chengde from 1951 to 1986 as samples, and analyzes the average precipitation, precipitation frequency, precipitation intensity, extreme precipitation time and other indicators of Changsha and Chengde from the perspective of interannual and seasonal changes Trends. The researches show that: the average precipitation of Changsha in the 36 years is 1151.2mm, spring is the wet season, autumn and winter are the dry seasons, and the maximum average precipitation is in spring; the average annual precipitation, precipitation frequency in spring, summer and winter, annual precipitation frequency, annual precipitation intensity and extreme precipitation events show a decreasing trend. The average annual precipitation of Chengde city is 454.1 mm, wet season in summer and dry season in spring, autumn and winter; the average annual precipitation, precipitation in four seasons, annual precipitation frequency, precipitation frequency in spring, autumn and winter, annual precipitation intensity and extreme precipitation events show a decreasing trend, while the precipitation frequency in summer shows an increasing trend. The study of regional climate change based on the time series data of this stage is of great significance to comprehensively understand the law of regional climate change and predict the future trend of climate change.