Seismic rate change as a tool to investigate remote triggering of the 2010-2011 Canterbury earthquake sequence, New Zealand

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifan Yin ◽  
Stefan Wiemer ◽  
Edi Kissling ◽  
Federica Lanza ◽  
Bill Fry
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Template Matching ◽  
Human Life ◽  
B Value ◽  
Earthquake Sequence ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Plate Boundaries ◽  
The North ◽  
Canterbury Earthquake Sequence

<p>Crustal earthquakes in low deform rate regions are rare in the human life span but bear heavy losses when occurring. Limited observations also hinter robust earthquake forecasts. In this study, we use a high-resolution catalog to investigate the triggering of the 2010-2011 Canterbury earthquake sequence, New Zealand. The seismic sequence occurred in the North Canterbury Plains, a low-stress, low-seismicity region relatively close to active plate boundaries where large earthquakes are frequent, such as the 2009 M<sub>W</sub> 7.8 Dusky Sound Earthquake. To map the post-seismic stress transfers of remote large events acting in the region, we calculate the temporal and spatial seismic rate changes in the crust from 2005 to the 2010 Mw 7.1 Darfield Earthquake, the first mainshock of the Canterbury sequence. We use template matching analysis to obtain a new high-resolution seismic catalog that includes events previously undetected by routine network monitoring. Detection quality is further established through the usage of a Support Vector Machine classifier. Using the new catalog, we observe a seismic quiescence on the North Canterbury Plain between Dusky Sound Earthquake and the Darfield Earthquake. The quiescence is accompanied by a reduced rate in micro-seismicity, suggesting a lowered b-value in the region primed for the Canterbury sequence. The lack of proof of dynamic or static triggering suggests that complex fault interactions lead to the onset of the Darfield Earthquake.</p>

Seismicity Rate Change as a Tool to Investigate Delayed and Remote Triggering of the 2010–2011 Canterbury Earthquake Sequence, New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifan Yin ◽  
Stefan Wiemer ◽  
Edi Kissling ◽  
Federica Lanza ◽  
Antonio P. Rinaldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Rate Change ◽  
Earthquake Sequence ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Crustal Strain ◽  
Seismicity Rate ◽  
Canterbury Earthquake Sequence ◽  
Seismicity Rate Changes ◽  
Low Strain Rate

ABSTRACT Crustal earthquakes in low-strain-rate regions are rare in the human life span but can generate disastrous consequences when they occur. Such was the case in the Canterbury earthquake sequence that began in 2010 and eventually led to almost 200 fatalities. Our study explores this earthquake sequence’s origins by producing an enhanced earthquake catalog in the Canterbury Plains and Otago, South Island, New Zealand. We investigate seismicity rate changes from 2005 to before the 2010 Mw 7.2 Darfield earthquake. During this time, major subduction-zone earthquakes, such as the 2009 Mw 7.8 Dusky Sound earthquake, created measurable coseismic and postseismic strain in the region. We use template matching to expand the catalog of earthquakes in the region, and use a support vector machine classifier to remove false positives and poor detections. We then compare the newly obtained seismicity rates with the coseismic and postseismic crustal strain fields, and find that seismicity rate and crustal strain are positively correlated in the low-stress, low-seismicity region of the northern Canterbury Plains. In contrast, near fast-moving plate-boundary faults, the seismicity rate changes rise without much change in the strain rate. Our analysis reveals a substantial seismicity rate decrease in the western rupture area of the Darfield earthquake, which we infer to be an effect of coseismic and postseismic deformation caused by the Dusky Sound earthquake. We show in low-strain-rate regions, stress perturbation of a few kPas creates substantial seismicity rate change. However, the implication that such seismic quiescence is responsible for the nucleation of the Darfield earthquake requires further studies.

A High-Resolution Seismic Catalog for the Initial 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence: Foreshocks, Aftershocks, and Faulting Complexity

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 1971-1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Shelly
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Template Matching ◽  
Earthquake Sequence ◽  
Earthquake Catalog ◽  
Surface Rupture ◽  
Initial Portion ◽  
Multiple Fault ◽  
Fault Structures ◽  
Seismic Catalog ◽  
Complex Distribution

Abstract I use template matching and precise relative relocation techniques to develop a high-resolution earthquake catalog for the initial portion of the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence, from 4 to 16 July, encompassing the foreshock sequence and the first 10+ days of aftershocks following the Mw 7.1 mainshock. Using 13,525 routinely cataloged events as waveform templates, I detect and precisely locate a total of 34,091 events. Precisely located earthquakes reveal numerous crosscutting fault structures with dominantly perpendicular southwest and northwest strikes. Foreshocks of the Mw 6.4 event appear to align on a northwest-striking fault. Aftershocks of the Mw 6.4 event suggest that it further ruptured this northwest-striking fault, as well as the southwest-striking fault where surface rupture was observed. Finally, aftershocks of the Mw 7.1 show a highly complex distribution, illuminating a primary northwest-striking fault zone consistent with surface rupture but also numerous crosscutting southwest-striking faults. Aftershock relocations suggest that the Mw 7.1 event ruptured adjacent to the previous northwest-striking rupture of the Mw 6.4, perhaps activating a subparallel structure southwest of the earlier rupture. Both the northwest and southeast rupture termini of the Mw 7.1 rupture exhibited multiple fault branching, with particularly high rates of aftershocks and multiple fault orientations in the dilatational quadrant northeast of the northwest rupture terminus.

Recurrent liquefaction in Christchurch, New Zealand, during the Canterbury earthquake sequence

Geology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Quigley ◽  
S. Bastin ◽  
B. A. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Earthquake Sequence ◽  
Canterbury Earthquake Sequence

scholarly journals Detailed 3D Fault Representations for the 2019 Ridgecrest, California, Earthquake Sequence

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 1818-1831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Plesch ◽  
John H. Shaw ◽  
Zachary E. Ross ◽  
Egill Hauksson
Keyword(s):  
Template Matching ◽  
Geometric Constraints ◽  
Earthquake Sequence ◽  
Main Trend ◽  
Nodal Plane ◽  
Triangulated Surface ◽  
The North ◽  
Garlock Fault ◽  
Initial Representation ◽  
Surface Representations

ABSTRACT We present new 3D source fault representations for the 2019 M 6.4 and M 7.1 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence. These representations are based on relocated hypocenter catalogs expanded by template matching and focal mechanisms for M 4 and larger events. Following the approach of Riesner et al. (2017), we generate reproducible 3D fault geometries by integrating hypocenter, nodal plane, and surface rupture trace constraints. We used the southwest–northeast-striking nodal plane of the 4 July 2019 M 6.4 event to constrain the initial representation of the southern Little Lake fault (SLLF), both in terms of location and orientation. The eastern Little Lake fault (ELLF) was constrained by the 5 July 2019 M 7.1 hypocenter and nodal planes of M 4 and larger aftershocks aligned with the main trend of the fault. The approach follows a defined workflow that assigns weights to a variety of geometric constraints. These main constraints have a high weight relative to that of individual hypocenters, ensuring that small aftershocks are applied as weaker constraints. The resulting fault planes can be considered averages of the hypocentral locations respecting nodal plane orientations. For the final representation we added detailed, field-mapped rupture traces as strong constraints. The resulting fault representations are generally smooth but nonplanar and dip steeply. The SLLF and ELLF intersect at nearly right angles and cross on another. The ELLF representation is truncated at the Airport Lake fault to the north and the Garlock fault to the south, consistent with the aftershock pattern. The terminations of the SLLF representation are controlled by aftershock distribution. These new 3D fault representations are available as triangulated surface representations, and are being added to a Community Fault Model (CFM; Plesch et al., 2007, 2019; Nicholson et al., 2019) for wider use and to derived products such as a CFM trace map and viewer (Su et al., 2019).

Foraminiferal record of the 2010–2011 Canterbury earthquake sequence, New Zealand, and possible predecessors

2015 ◽  
Vol 438 ◽  
pp. 213-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce W. Hayward ◽  
Ashwaq T. Sabaa ◽  
Brigida Figueira ◽  
Catherine M. Reid ◽  
Ritsuo Nomura
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Earthquake Sequence ◽  
Canterbury Earthquake Sequence ◽  
Foraminiferal Record

Damage Evaluations of Precast Concrete Structures in the 2010–2011 Canterbury Earthquake Sequence

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 277-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B. Fleischman ◽  
Jose I. Restrepo ◽  
Stefano Pampanin ◽  
Joseph R. Maffei ◽  
Kim Seeber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Earthquake Sequence ◽  
Ground Shaking ◽  
Seismic Force ◽  
Floor Systems ◽  
Canterbury Earthquake Sequence ◽  
Precast Construction ◽  
Precast Elements

The 2010–2011 Canterbury earthquake sequence provides a rare opportunity to study the performance of modern structures designed under well-enforced, evolving seismic code provisions and subjected to severe ground shaking. In particular, New Zealand makes widespread use of precast concrete seismic systems, including those that are designed to respond identically to cast-in-place concrete structures (emulative systems) and, in more recent years, those that take advantage of the unique jointed properties of precast construction. New Zealand building construction also makes extensive use of precast elements for gravity systems, floor systems, stairs, and cladding. Although not always classified as part of the primary seismic force-resisting system, these “secondary” elements must undergo the compatible displacements imposed in the earthquake. Damage evaluations for several of these structures subjected to strong shaking provide the ability to examine the differences in seismic performance for systems of distinct design intent and standards, including the performance of secondary elements.

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