Spatio-temporal variations on the vertical deformation rate of the NW Anatolian Block: Luminescence chronology of the Sakarya River terraces

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Korhan Erturac ◽  
Eren Şahiner ◽  
Azad Sağlam Selçuk ◽  
Alper Gürbüz ◽  
Hilal Okur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Marmara Sea ◽  
Vertical Deformation ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Anatolian Plateau ◽  
The North ◽  
Main River ◽  
Sakarya River ◽  
Spatio Temporal

<p>The study area (40-40.45°N and 30-32.15° E) exhibits a high topography (1200-1800 m elevation) and bounded by the Galatean Massif at east, Pontide Mountain Range to the north, the Central Anatolian Plateau to the south and the Marmara Sea to the west. The region is actively been deformed and dissected by the active branches of the dextral strike slip North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) and the Sakarya River (SR) system. We have investigated the depositional terraces formed along the main course and the major tributaries of the SR to reveal the dynamics of the terrace formation by climate, sea level changes and also to quantify the variations in rate of vertical deformation within the current geodynamics of the NW Anatolian Block. The geometry of the main river (1) and its tributaries (4) allow us to determine the spatio-temporal variations in four vertical (100 km) and three along fault sections (200 km) since the last ~150 ka.</p><p>Up to date, we have mapped 23 distinct evenly scattered multi-step terrace staircases along the main river course and its 6 major tributaries. Mapping is aided with high precision rtk-GPS profiling and SfM photogrammetry using UAV. The dating is carried by luminescence geochronology (OSL and p-IRIR) to constrain the timing of the formation and also abandonment of each depositional terrace step.</p><p>The results show that the focus region is under control of vertical deformation at a rate of 0.6-0.7 mm/year regardless from the distance to the main strand of the NAFZ. There is also evidence that this rate has been decelerated from ~1.0-1.1 mm/year since the last 100 ka. The distinct variations in the calculated uplift rates along the profiles reveal apperant southwards tilting in between the active branches of the NAFZ and also within the block.</p><p>This study is funded by TUBITAK 117Y426 project grant. </p>

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal variations of <I>f</I>CO<sub>2</sub> in the North Sea

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1655-1686
Author(s):  
A. M. Omar ◽  
A. Olsen ◽  
T. Johannessen ◽  
M. Hoppema ◽  
H. Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Phytoplankton Bloom ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Co2 Exchange ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Abstract. Data from two Voluntary Observing Ship (VOS) (MS Trans Carrier and MV Nuka Arctica), acquired along one zonal and one meridional transect (2005–2007) augmented with data subsets from ten cruises (1987–2005) were used to investigate the spatio-temporal variations of the CO2 fugacity in seawater (fCO2sw) in the North Sea at seasonal and inter-annual time scales. The observed seasonal fCO2sw variations were related to variations in sea surface temperature (SST), biology plus mixing, and air-sea CO2 exchange. Over the study period, the seasonal amplitude in fCO2sw induced by SST changes was 0.4–0.75 times those resulting from variations in biology plus mixing. Along the meridional transect, fCO2sw normally decreased northwards (−12 μatm per degree latitude), but the gradient disappeared/reversed during spring as a consequence of an enhanced seasonal amplitude of fCO2sw in southern parts of the North Sea. Along the zonal transect, a weak gradient (−0.8 μatm per degree longitude) was observed in the mean annual fCO2sw. Annually and averaged over the study area, surface waters of the North Sea were CO2 undersaturated and thus a sink of atmospheric CO2 throughout the year. However, during summer, surface waters in the region 55.5–54.5° N were CO2 supersaturated and, hence, a source for atmospheric CO2. Comparison of fCO2sw data acquired within two 1°×1° regions in the northern and southern North Sea during different years (1987, 2001, 2002, and 2005–2007) revealed large interannual variations, especially during spring and summer when year-to-year fCO2sw differences (≈160–200 μatm) approached seasonal changes (≈200–250 μatm). The springtime variations resulted from changes in magnitude and timing of the phytoplankton bloom, whereas changes in SST, wind speed, and total alkalinity may have contributed to the summertime interannual fCO2sw differences. The lowest interannual variation (10–50 μatm) was observed during fall and early winter. The comparison with data reported in October 1967 suggests that the fCO2sw growth rate in the central North Sea is similar to that in the atmosphere.

Dorsal expansion-related manual disability in verrucae vulgaris patients treated with cryotherapy: A longitudinal study via big data

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Ahmed Al-Imam ◽  
Hend J. Al-Doori ◽  
Ali K. Al-Shalchy
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Extensor Digitorum ◽  
Verruca Vulgaris ◽  
The North ◽  
Verrucae Vulgaris ◽  
Bradford Hill Criteria ◽  
Weight Effect ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Background: Common warts frequently occur over the hands and may overlie critical structures, including the extensor expansion of the digits, for which cryotherapy can lead to manual disability. Aims and Objectives: We aim to implement big data to infer knowledge on the interest of web users regarding the dorsal expansion-related manual disability in verrucae vulgaris patients managed with cryotherapy. Materials and Methods: We mapped the interest of users of the surface web in connection with five topics: cryosurgery, extensor digitorum muscle, human papillomavirus, manual disability, and verruca vulgaris. We retrieved longitudinal data [2004-2019] concerning the spatio-temporal variations of interest in these topics, using Google Trends. We are also reporting a case of interest while analyzing it using the Bradford Hill criteria. Results: Sixty-four nations contributed to the spatial (geographic) map, including ten countries from the Middle East and the north of Africa (15.63%). There was high temporal variability concerning cryosurgery 29.61 (+/- 0.94), extensor digitorum muscle 64.43 (+/- 0.86), human papillomavirus 0.01 (+/- 0.01), manual disability 2.89 (+/- 0.13), and verruca vulgaris 9.39 (+/- 0.20). Conjoint inference, via Post-Hoc testing and neural networks [machine learning], assigned the highest synaptic weight [effect size] to “cryosurgery” and “extensor digitorum muscle”, thus indicating that these topics are of prime interest for web users, including anatomists and dermatologists. Conclusions: We are conveying two messages: 1) Dermatologists are encouraged to collaborate with data scientists to realize the importance of big data for evidence-based dermatology. 2) Physicians should exercise extra caution in managing patients with verrucae vulgaris using cryotherapy. 

Spatio-temporal variations and genetic diversity of Anaplasma spp. in cattle from the North of Tunisia

2017 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 223-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanène Belkahia ◽  
Mourad Ben Said ◽  
Narjesse El Mabrouk ◽  
Mariem Saidani ◽  
Chayma Cherni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
The North ◽  
Spatio Temporal

scholarly journals ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN DAN KESESUAIAN LAHAN DI DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI ALO, PROVINSI GORONTALO

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunarty Suly Eraku ◽  
Aang Panji Permana
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Land Suitability ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Land Capability ◽  
Original Solution ◽  
The North ◽  
Main River

DAS Alo terletak di Kecamatan Tibawa Kabupaten Gorontalo Provinsi Gorontalo. DAS Alo memiliki ketinggian antara 50 m di atas permukaan laut di bagian hilir dan 475 m di atas permukaan laut di bagian hulu. Hulu DAS Alo merupakan perbukitan – pegunungan struktural di bagian utara dan barat laut dengan kemiringan lereng yang berkisar antara 15 - 40 persen.  Di bagian selatan (hilir) di dominasi oleh bentuklahan asal solusional yaitu perbukitan karst. Karakteristik DAS Alo terdiri dari luas DAS mencapai  69.736.900 m2, panjang sungai utama 21.160.422 meter dan kemiringan sungai 2,21%. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kemampuan dan kesesuaian lahan di DAS Alo Provinsi Gorontalo. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut digunakan metode survei lapangan dan analisis laboratorium sampel tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kemampuan lahan dan kesesuaian lahan dipengaruhi oleh karakteristik Biogeofisik lahan di DAS Alo. Satuan bentuklahan perbukitan denudasional berbatu breksi memiliki kelas kemampuan lahan I, III, IV dan VI. Perbukitan struktural berbatuan breksi memiliki kelas kemampuan lahan I, II, III, IV, V dan VI. Perbukitan struktural berbatuan diorit, kelas kemampuan lahannya II, III, IV, V dan VI. Perbukitan karst kelas kemampuan lahannya III dan VIII dengan faktor pembatas lereng permukaan sedangkan kelas kemampuan lahan VII tidak dijumpai. Kelas kesesuaian lahan pertanian jagung pada kelas kesesuaian lahan S3, kelas kesesuaian lahan N1 (tidak sesuai saat ini) dan kelas kesesuaian lahan N2 (tidak sesuai selamanya). Sedangkan untuk kelas kesesuaian lahan S1 (sangat sesuai) dan kelas kesesuaian lahan S2 (cukup sesuai) tidak dijumpai di DAS Alo. Kata kunci: DAS Alo, Kemampuan Lahan, Kesesuaian Lahan.  Alo Watershed is located in Tibawa Sub-District, Gorontalo Regency, Gorontalo Province. The Alo watershed has a height of between 50 m above sea level in the downstream and 475 m above the sea level in the upper reaches. The upper Alo watershed is a structural hill - mountain range in the north and northwest with a slope ranging from 15 - 40 percent. In the south (downstream) is dominated by the form of land from the original solution, the karst hills. The characteristics of the Alo Watershed consist of an area of 69,736,900 m2, a main river length of 21,160,422 meters and a river slope of 2.21%. The main objective of this study is to analyze the ability and suitability of land in the Gorontalo Province Alo Watershed. To achieve this goal field survey methods and laboratory analysis of soil samples are used. The results showed that land capability and land suitability were affected by biogeophysical characteristics of land in the Alo watershed. Unit shape den denational hills breccia rocky has a land capability class I, III, IV and VI. The rocky structural breccias hills have land capability classes I, II, III, IV, V and VI. Diorite rocky structural hills, land capability classes II, III, IV, V and VI. Karst hills are land capability classes III and VIII with surface slope limiting factors while land capability class VII is not found. Corn land suitability class in S3 land suitability class, land suitability class N1 (not suitable at present) and land suitability class N2 (not suitable forever). As for the S1 land suitability class (very suitable) and S2 land suitability class (quite suitable) not found in the Alo watershed. Keywords: Alo Watershed, Land Capability, Land Suitability.

Spatio-Temporal Variations of Aerosol Optical Depth over Areas Around Beijing in Recent 14 Years

2014 ◽  
Vol 997 ◽  
pp. 843-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Liu ◽  
Xin Ming Tang ◽  
Wei Cao ◽  
Zhi Ying Xie ◽  
Jing Han Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerosol Optical Depth ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Monthly Data ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The North ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Two Stages

Based on the monthly data of MODIS Level 3, the spatio-temporal variabilities of Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) over areas around Beijing have been analyzed from March 2000 to December 2013. The results presented that: (1) In the past 14 years , the annual mean AODs vary between 0.428 and 0.550; The recent 14 years can be divided into two stages, the first stage is 2000-2007, which shows an increasing trend with an increase rate of 1.349%, while the second stage is 2008-2013, which shows an decreasing trend with a decrease rate of 1.483%; Summer has the maximum AOD, but shows a decreasing trend, while winter has the minimum AOD, but shows an increasing trend. (2) AODs over the south are higher than the north, high AODs are mainly distributed along the southwest of Hebei and southwest of Shandong with an AOD of 0.72, while low AODs are mainly distributed along the north of Hebei and the north of Shanxi with an AOD of 0.23; The spatial distribution of AOD varies with the seasons, AODs are high in spring, and are maximized in summer, then show a significant decrease from summer to autumn, while are minimized in winter.

Spatio-temporal variations in surface characteristics over the North American Monsoon region

2010 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 540-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Lizárraga-Celaya ◽  
Christopher J. Watts ◽  
Julio C. Rodríguez ◽  
Jaime Garatuza-Payán ◽  
Russell L. Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
North American Monsoon ◽  
Monsoon Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Spatio Temporal

scholarly journals Evidence on the paleodrainage connectivity during Pleistocene: Phylogeography of a hypoptopomatine endemic to southeastern Brazilian coastal drainages

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathália Luiz Pio ◽  
Tiago P. Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Ribosomal Protein Gene ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
The North ◽  
Sea Level Oscillations

Abstract The coastal basins of southeastern Brazil are influenced by climatic changes that caused sea-level oscillations during the Pleistocene. These marine transgressions and regressions can generate isolation and connection among coastal rivers. In this region, freshwater fishes are excellent models for phylogeographic studies because their distributions may have been affected by geographical and ecological changes resulting from these processes. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Pleistocene sea-level changes on the genetic structure of the loricariid Hisonotus leucofrenatus throughout its area of occurrence. Two genes were sequenced: Cytochrome Oxidase subunit 1 (mitochondrial gene) and rpS7 ribosomal protein gene intron 1 (nuclear gene) from specimens representing 14 river drainages. The genetic data corroborate a divide for freshwater fish by the Serra do Tabuleiro mountain in Santa Catarina State. This divide determines two main genetic groups in H. leucofrenatus: one group to the south and one to the north of this mountain range. The genetic structure observed coincide with the limits of estimated paleodrainage systems for the region, supporting that marine transgressions and regressions during the Pleistocene influenced the biogeographical history of H. leucofrenatus.

scholarly journals Геодинамика территории Азербайджана на основе данных GPS за 2017–2019 гг.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.E. Kazimov
Keyword(s):  
Mountain Range ◽  
Greater Caucasus ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Geodynamic Processes ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Temporal Modes ◽  
Lesser Caucasus ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Gps Velocity Field

the results obtained, in conjunction with these seismicity and the mechanisms of earthquakes, allow to determine the modern geodynamic situation of the studied region. The aim of the work was geodetic analysis and comparison of the results of GPS stations obtained for the period 2017-2019. on the territory of Azerbaijan. Methods. In the process of studying geodynamic processes using GPS technologies, two spatio-temporal modes are mainly used: a single redefinition of the initial coordinates of the points of geodetic networks and the displacement of the initial values of deformations. GPS data were processed using the GAMIT/GLOBK program. Results. One of the most pronounced features of the GPS velocity field is a decrease in the velocities of GPS stations (northern component of VN), perpendicular to the direction of expansion of the Greater Caucasus surface from south to north. The movement of the earth's surface to the north-north-east is interpreted as one of the reasons for this accumulation of stress.In addition, there is a tendency for horizontal movement in the Kura Depression and the Lesser Caucasus, which is reflected in the increase in velosity from west to east along the extension of the mountain range. It was determined that the earth's crust shortened at a velosity of ~ 5 mm / year in the Baku (Absheron peninsula). During 2019, on average, up to 8.4 mm per year in the north-northeast direction is observed for the territory of Azerbaijan. Separate velocities were also calculated for each station. Compared to 2018, it was determined that out of 24 GPS stations PQLG, XNQG, IMLG, QZXG, GANG, MNGG, FZLG, SATG, LKRG, LRKG and YRDG stations, the value of horizontal velocities increased by 0.5-7.0 mm/year, ZKTG, QBLG. At QSRG, ATGG, GDBG, AGDG, ALIG, JLVGG, GALG, GOBG and NDRG stations, the velocities values decreased by 0.5-3.1 mm/year. In 2019, the highest velocities were observed at Ganja, Mingachevir and Saatli stations. On average, velocities were 3.1-9.6 mm/year in the Greater Caucasus, 6.9-16.5 mm/year in the Kura Basin, 10.2-14.8 mm/year in the Talish area and on the Apsheron Peninsula. It varies between 3.6-4.8 mm/year. полученные результаты в совокупности с приведенной сейсмичностью и механизмами землетрясений позволяют определить современную геодинамическую ситуацию изучаемого региона. Целью работы являлся геодезический анализ и сравнение результатов GPS-станций, полученных за период 2017–2019 гг. на территории Азербайджана. Методы работы. В процессе изучения геодинамических процессов с использованием GPS технологий в основном применяются два пространственно-временных режима: однократное переопределение начальных координат точек геодезических сетей и смещение начальных значений деформаций. Данные GPS обрабатывали с помощью программы GAMIT/GLOBK. Результаты работы. Одной из наиболее ярко выраженных особенностей поля скорости GPS является уменьшение скоростей станций GPS (северный компонент VN), перпендикулярных направлению расширения поверхности Большого Кавказа с юга на север. Движение земной поверхности на север-северо-восток интерпретируется как одна из причин такого накопления напряжения. Кроме того, существует тенденция горизонтального движения в Курской впадине и на Малом Кавказе, что отражается в увеличение скорости с запада на восток по продолжению горного хребта. Было установлено, что земная кора сокращалась со скоростью ~ 5 мм/год в Баку (Апшеронский полуостров). В течение 2019 года в среднем по территории Азербайджана наблюдается до 8,4 мм в год в северо-северо-восточном направлении. Отдельные скорости были также рассчитаны для каждой станции. По сравнению с 2018 годом было определено, что из 24 GPS станций PQLG, XNQG, IMLG, QZXG, GANG, MNGG, FZLG, SATG, LKRG, LRKG и YRDG, значение горизонтальных скоростей увеличилось на 0,5–7,0 мм/год, ZKTG, QBLG. На станциях QSRG, ATGG, GDBG, AGDG, ALIG, JLVGG, GALG, GOBG и NDRG значения скоростей снизились на 0,5–3,1 мм/год. В 2019 году самые высокие скорости наблюдались на станциях Гянджа, Мингячевир и Саатлы. В среднем скорости составляли 3,1–9,6 мм/год на Большом Кавказе, 6,9–16,5 мм/год в бассейне Куры, 10,2–14,8 мм/год в Талышском районе и на Апшеронском полуострове. Колебания находятся в пределах 3,6–4,8 мм/год.

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