Unified Scaling Law for Earthquakes: space-time dependent assessment in Kamchatka region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Nekrasova ◽  
Vladimir Kossobokov
Keyword(s):  
Scaling Law ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Commander Islands ◽  
Event Time ◽  
Kamchatka Region ◽  
Unified Scaling Law ◽  
Aleutian Arc ◽  
Event Times ◽  
Benioff Strain ◽  
Focal Zone

<p>The observed variability of seismic dynamics of the Kamchatka Region is characterized in terms of several moving averages, including (i) seismic rate, (ii) the Benioff strain release, (iii) inter-event time, τ, and (iv) the USLE control parameter, η (where USLE stands for Unified Scaling Law for Earthquakes, i.e. a generalization of the Gutenberg-Richter relationship accounting for naturally fractal distribution of earthquake loci, which states that the distribution of inter-event times τ depends only on the value of variable η).</p><p>The variability of seismic dynamics have been evaluated and compared at each of four out of ten separate seismic focal zones of the Kamchatka region and the adjacent areas defined by Levina et al. (2013), i.e., (1) seismic focal zone of the Kuril and South Kamchatka, (2) the northern part of the Kamchatka seismic focal zone, (3) commander segment of the Aleutian arc; and (4) the continental region of Kamchatka. In particular, we considered all magnitude 3.5 or larger earthquakes in 1996-2019 available from open data catalog of the Kamchatka Branch of GS RAS, Earthquakes Catalogue for Kamchatka and the Commander Islands (1962–present) http://sdis.emsd.ru/info/earthquakes/catalogue.ph).</p>

scholarly journals STATISTICAL TESTS FOR SCALING IN THE INTER-EVENT TIMES OF EARTHQUAKES IN CALIFORNIA

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (28n29) ◽  
pp. 5570-5582 ◽  
Author(s):  
ÁLVARO CORRAL
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Scaling Law ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Event Time ◽  
Waveform Cross Correlation ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Event Times ◽  
The One ◽  
The Scaling Function ◽  
Smirnov Statistic

We explore in depth the validity of a recently proposed scaling law for earthquake inter-event time distributions in the case of the Southern California, using the waveform cross-correlation catalog of Shearer et al. Two statistical tests are used: on the one hand, the standard two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test is in agreement with the scaling of the distributions. On the other hand, the one-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic complemented with Monte Carlo simulation of the inter-event times, as done by Clauset et al., supports the validity of the gamma distribution as a simple model of the scaling function appearing on the scaling law, for rescaled inter-event times above 0.01, except for the largest data set (magnitude greater than 2). A discussion of these results is provided.

Space-Time Dependent features of the Unified Scaling Law for Earthquakes in Northeastern Italy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Peresan ◽  
Anastasia Nekrasova
Keyword(s):  
Earth Science ◽  
Scaling Law ◽  
Seismic Hazard Assessment ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Seismic Region ◽  
Event Time ◽  
Unified Scaling Law ◽  
Northeastern Italy

<p>The space concept of the Unified Scaling Law for Earthquakes (USLE), which generalizes the Gutenberg-Richter relationship making use of the fractal distribution of earthquake sources in a seismic region, has been applied to seismicity in Northeastern Italy. In particular, the temporal variations of USLE coefficients have been investigated, with the aim to get new insights in the evolving dynamics of seismicity within different tectonic domains of Friuli-Venezia Giulia region (FVG) and its surroundings.</p><p>For this purpose, we resorted to the catalog compiled at the National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics (OGS), considering earthquakes occurred in the period 1995 – 2019, with epicenters within three sub-regions of the territory under investigation, delimited based on main geological and tectonic features (Bressan et al. 2018,  J. Seismol. 22, 1563–1578). To quantify the observed variability of seismic dynamics, a multi-parametric analysis has been carried out for each sub-region by means of several moving averages, including: the inter-event time, τ; the cumulative Benioff strain release, Σ; the USLE control parameter, η and the USLE coefficients, estimated for moving six-years time intervals. The analysis evidenced that the USLE coefficients in FVG region are time-dependent and show up correlated (Nekrasova and Peresan 2021, Frontiers in Earth Science, 8, 624). Moreover, the dynamical features of the considered parameters in the three sub-regions highlighted a number of different seismic regimes; in particular, major changes in the parameters are associated to occurrence of the 12 April 1998 (M5.6) and the 12 July 2004 (M5.1) Kobarid (Slovenia) earthquakes within the corresponding sub-region.</p><p>The results obtained for seismicity in Northeastern Italy and surrounding areas confirm similar analysis performed on a global scale, in advance and after the largest earthquakes worldwide. In addition, the analysis evidenced the spatially heterogeneous and non-stationary features of seismicity, in agreement with results from independent analysis of background seismicity within the investigated territory (Benali et al. 2020, Stoch. Environ. Res. Risk. Assess. 34, 775–791), thus suggesting the opportunity of resorting to time-dependent models of earthquakes occurrence for improving local seismic hazard assessment.</p>

On Prediction and Unified Correlation for Decay of Vertical Buoyant Jets

1979 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 532-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Chen ◽  
C. H. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Scaling Law ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Buoyant Jets ◽  
Numerical Result ◽  
Plume Region ◽  
Unified Scaling Law ◽  
Rate Of Dissipation ◽  
Decay Behavior

A differential turbulence model is used to predict the decay behavior of turbulent buoyant jets in a uniform environment at rest. The turbulent stresses and heat fluxes are modeled by the algebraic expressions while the differential transport equations are solved for the kinetic energy of turbulence, k, the rate of dissipation of turbulence kinetic energy, ε, and the fluctuating temperature T′2. The numerical result correlated with a unified scaling law was shown to fall into a single curve for the flows beyond the zone of flow establishment. The flow characteristics are then classified into a non-buoyant region, an intermediate region and a plume region. The predicted results show that the buoyant jets is accelerated in the zone of flow establishment. Equations for decay of velocity, density, and turbulent quantities are given from the non-buoyant region to the plume region for both plane and round buoyant jets.

scholarly journals Characterizing the Foreshock, Main Shock, and Aftershock Sequences of the Recent Major Earthquakes in Southern Alaska, 2016–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. Bukchin ◽  
A. S. Fomochkina ◽  
V. G. Kossobokov ◽  
A. K. Nekrasova
Keyword(s):  
Control Parameter ◽  
Empirical Distribution ◽  
Scaling Law ◽  
Plate Boundary ◽  
Scaling Properties ◽  
Second Moments ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Unified Scaling Law ◽  
Aftershock Sequences ◽  
Integral Estimation

For each of three major M ≥ 7.0 earthquakes (i.e., the January 24, 2016, M7.1 earthquake 86 km E of Old Iliamna; the January 23, 2018, M7.9 earthquake 280 km SE of Kodiak; and the November 30, 2018, M7.1 earthquake 14 km NNW of Anchorage, Alaska), the study considers characterization of the foreshock and aftershock sequences in terms of their variations and scaling properties, including the behavior of the control parameter η of the unified scaling law for earthquakes (USLE), along with a detailed analysis of the surface wave records for reconstruction of the source in the approximation of the second moments of the stress glut tensor to obtain integral estimation of its length, orientation, and development over time. The three major earthquakes at 600 km around Anchorage are, in fact, very different due to apparent complexity of earthquake flow dynamics in the orogenic corner of the Pacific and North America plate boundary. The USLE generalizes the classic Gutenberg-Richter relationship taking into account the self-similar scaling of the empirical distribution of earthquake epicenters. The study confirms the existence of the long-term periods of regional stability of the USLE control parameter that are interrupted by mid- or even short-term bursts of activity associated with major catastrophic events.

Minimum Inter-Event Times for Rainfall in the Eastern Monsoon Region of China

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Wenting Wang ◽  
Wenting Wang ◽  
Shuiqing Yin ◽  
Yun Xie ◽  
Mark A. Nearing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Precipitation Data ◽  
Monsoon Region ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Event Time ◽  
Hourly Data ◽  
Average Precipitation ◽  
Average Rainfall ◽  
Exponential Method ◽  
Event Times

Abstract.Minimum inter-event time (MIT) is an index used to delineate independent storms from sub-daily rainfall records. An individual storm is defined as a period of rainfall with preceding and succeeding dry periods less than MIT. The exponential method was used to determine an appropriate MITexp for the eastern monsoon region of China based on observed 1-min resolution rainfall data from 18 stations. Results showed that dry periods between storms greater than MITexp followed an exponential distribution. MITexp values varied from 7.6 h to 16.6 h using 1-min precipitation data, which were statistically not different from values using hourly data at p = 0.05. At least ten years of records were necessary to obtain a stable MIT. Values of storm properties are sensitive to the change in MIT values, especially when MIT values are small. Average precipitation depths across all stations were 45% greater, durations were 84% longer, maximum 30-min intensities were 27% greater, and average rainfall intensities were 20% less when using an MIT of 10 h, the average value of MITexp over 18 stations, compared to 2 h. This indicates that more attention should be paid to the use of the MIT index as it relates to storm properties. Keywords: China, Exponential method, Minimum inter-event time, Storm, Storm property.

Unified Scaling Law for Earthquakes as Applied to Assessment of Seismic Hazard and Associate Risks

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Nekrasova ◽  
V. G. Kossobokov ◽  
I. A. Parvez ◽  
X. Tao
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Scaling Law ◽  
Unified Scaling Law

scholarly journals Scaling Interface Length Increase Rates in Richtmyer–Meshkov Instabilities

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Kilchyk ◽  
R. Nalim ◽  
C. Merkle
Keyword(s):  
Scaling Law ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Incoming Wave ◽  
Wave Refraction ◽  
Fuel Consumption Rate ◽  
Length Increase ◽  
Unified Scaling Law ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Interface Length ◽  
Large Amplitude Wave

The interface area increase produced by large-amplitude wave refraction through an interface that separates fluids with different densities can have important physiochemical consequences, such as a fuel consumption rate increase in the case of a shock–flame interaction. Using the results of numerical simulations along with a scaling analysis, a unified scaling law of the interface length increase was developed applicable to shock and expansion wave refractions and both types of interface orientation with the respect to the incoming wave. To avoid a common difficulty in interface length quantification in the numerical tests, a sinusoidally perturbed interface was generated using gases with different temperatures. It was found that the rate of interface increase correlates almost linearly with the circulation deposited at the interface. When combined with earlier developed models of circulation deposition in Richtmyer–Meshkov instability, the obtained scaling law predicts dependence of interface dynamics on the basic problem parameters.

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