Examining the Effects of Heat Mitigation on the Physical Properties of Urban Green Space and Urban Blue Space: A Case Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pruthvin Shetty ◽  
Dwarakish g s
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
World Population ◽  
Tier 2 ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Urban Green Areas ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Tier 3 ◽  
The City

<p>The smart and sustainable city idea gained momentum in recent years in order to cope with population growth in urban areas and to make the city live. Cities are projected to consume 70% of the world's resources and 66% of the world population by 2050. Most of tier-3 and tier-2 cities will convert to tier-1 city, and we need to identify and protect the urban green spaces. Urban green areas have many esthetic advantages, including environmental benefits such as a fall in city temperature in the summer and absorption of rainwater. Social advantages are such as feelings of happiness and peace. Objective quantification of greenery on its neighbourhood spatial distribution may help identify essential and potential areas. Heterogeneous land uses describe urban areas. Urban heat island (UHI), with high Land surface temperatures (LST), is distinguished by its city development pattern, socioeconomic and anthropogenic activities. The LST is rising rapidly not only in cities but also in tier-3 & tier-2 cities.  Urban green areas, including parks, playgrounds, gardens and areas, such as ponds, pools, lakes and rivers, will contribute to the control of land temperatures in and around the city. Such spaces also lead to the formation of the Urban Cooling Island (UCI), where temperatures are comparatively cooler than surrounding temperatures, because of their shade of the trees and their evapotranspiration. This cooling island formation is referred to as the Park Cooling Island (PCI) impact. The present work aims to describe the effect of urban green and urban blue spaces on LST using a range of data sources with geospatial technologies. Udupi town, which comes under Udupi district, Karnataka, India is a tier-3 city, selected for the present research work. The data used in the study include Landsat 8 temporal satellite images and secondary data, such as field data from various government and semi-government organisations. LST has been measured using the emissivity reference channel algorithm from Landsat 8 thermal bands. Different indices such as Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Water Index NDWI, Land Shape Index (LSI) are determined from images from Landsat 8. The results show that LST exists with high spatial variability and urban green, blue spaces have a stronger influence on LST.</p>

scholarly journals "VALORAÇÃO CONTINGENTE" NA AVALIAÇÃO ECONÔMICA DE ÁREAS VERDES URBANAS

FLORESTA ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Hildebrand ◽  
Luiz Roberto Graça ◽  
Vitor Afonso Hoeflich
Keyword(s):  
Contingent Valuation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Urban Green Areas ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Socioeconomic Data ◽  
Initial Objective ◽  
The City

O presente trabalho objetivou, através do método de Valoração Contingente (VC) ou Disposição a Pagar (DAP), quantificar monetariamente os benefícios indiretos advindos do "Bosque Alemão", na cidade de Curitiba-PR, bem como caracterizar o perfil socioeconômico do usuário e discutir os atrativos do local. A pesquisa, realizada entre dezembro/97 e fevereiro/98, também teve como objetivo realizar um estudo piloto para refinar e avaliar o método proposto para uso posterior no levantamento dos benefícios gerados nos demais parques e bosques da cidade. Os resultados mostram que 62,1% dos entrevistados estão dispostos a pagar um valor de entrada para a manutenção das áreas verdes em Curitiba. Considerando o total de entrevistados (dispostos e não dispostos a pagar) esta média foi de R$1,21, sendo o valor anual agregado dos benefícios gerados pelo Bosque Alemão de R$ 29.040,00. O perfil do usuário foi composto por classe média (renda familiar média de aproximadamente R$ 2.600,00), com um alto grau de importância atribuído aos parques e áreas verdes urbanas, elevado grau de instrução (43,2% com nível superior) e grande fluxo de turistas (33,7%). Os parques urbanos foram apontados como a principal fonte de recreação nos finais de semana (43,2%) devido, principalmente, à necessidade de contato com a vegetação, e considerado como um investimento importante por 100,0% dos entrevistados. O método (VC) mostrou-se eficiente para a determinação do valor monetário dos benefícios ambientais em áreas urbanas, embora subestime o valor total. Para a melhor captação deste valor sugere-se que sejam efetuadas adaptações metodológicas pertinentes. Contingent Valuation In The Economic Appraisal Of Urban Green Areas Abstract This paper had as objective to quantify indirect benefits from the urban park called "Bosque Alemão”, in the city of Curitiba-PR, Brazil, using the method of Contingent Valuation (CV) or Willingness to Pay, and also to obtain socioeconomic data from the users as well. This research was carried out between December/97 and February/98, and had the initial objective to perform a preliminary study in order to refine a methodology for future application in measuring benefits generated in other parks of the city. The results show that 62,1% of the interviewed users are willing to pay an admission value destined for the maintenance of green areas in Curitiba. Considering total interviews (willing and not willing to pay), the average admittance value was of R$1,21, with an annual value of generated benefits of R$ 29,040.00. The users profile was mostly made of middle class individuals (average familiar income of approximately R$ 2.600,00), who attributed a high degree of importance to parks and urban green areas, and who had a higher degree of education (43,2% with an undergraduate degree) and also a relatively good flow of tourists (33.7%). The urban parks had been pointed as the main source of recreation in weekends (43.2%) demanded mostly for contact with vegetation, and considered as an important investment for 100.0% of the interviewed users. The methodology (CV) was considered efficient in obtaining monetary values of environmental benefits in urban areas, although it may underestimate them. In order to obtain a better estimation of those values it was suggested that adaptations in the methodology should be made when pertinent.

scholarly journals Cities, the Urban Green Environment, and Individual Subjective Well-Being: The Case of Milan, Italy

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Tavano Blessi ◽  
Enzo Grossi ◽  
Giovanni Pieretti ◽  
Guido Ferilli ◽  
Alessandra Landi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Residential Proximity ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Urban Green Areas ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
The Individual

This paper evaluates the independent effect of the spatial proximity of green urban areas upon the individual subjective well-being of the Milan population (Italy). The methodology is based on a survey undertaken in 2010 using a sample of 1,000 of Milan citizens. Univariate and multivariate analyses and GIS localization have been employed in order to rank the major individual well-being determinants and the relationship between citizens and urban green areas. Results show that the residential proximity of citizens to urban green areas seems to have little bearing on individual subjective well-being.

Dynamic evaluation of small urban green areas at local level using GEOBIA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana-Maria Popa ◽  
Diana Andreea Onose ◽  
Ionut Cosmin Sandric ◽  
Simona Raluca Gradinaru ◽  
Athanasios Alexandru Gavrilidis
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Urbanization Process ◽  
Dynamic Evaluation ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Urban Green Areas ◽  
Green Areas

<p>Urban green infrastructure has various benefits known as ecosystem services such as regulating, cultural, provisioning and supporting services. Among the provided benefits there are decrease of air temperature, increasing humidity and mitigating urban heat island as regulating services; human-nature relations as cultural services; improving air quality, carbon sequestration as provisioning services and photosynthesis, nutrient and water cycling as supporting services. The high intensity of the urbanization process across the last decades coupled with weak legislative frameworks resulted both in large areas affected by urban sprawl and densification of the existing urban fabric. Both phenomenon generated loss in open spaces, especially green areas. In the context of the sustainable urbanization promoted by HABITAT Agenda, the knowledge related with the distribution, size and quality of urban green areas represents a priority. The study aim is to identify small urban green areas at local level at different time moments for a dynamic evaluation. We focused on small urban green areas since they are scarcely analysed even if their importance for the urban quality of life Is continuously increasing given the urbanization process. We used satellite imagery acquired by Planet Satellite Constellations, with a spatial resolution of 3.7 m and daily coverage, for extracting green areas. The images were processed using Geographic Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA) techniques implemented in Esri ArcGIS Pro. The spatial analysis we performed generated information about distribution, surfaces, quality (based on NDVI) and dynamic of small urban green areas. The results are connected with the local level development of the urban areas we analysed, but also with the population consumption pattern for leisure services, housing, transport or other public utilities. The analysis can represent a complementary method for extracting green areas at urban level and can support the data collection for calculating urban sustainability indicators.</p>

scholarly journals Measuring health outcomes of OECD countries’ urban greenspace, with a special focus on Milan (Italy)

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Oradini-Alacreu ◽  
A Rebecchi ◽  
A G Mezzoiuso ◽  
R Croci ◽  
M Buffoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
World Population ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Urban Greenspace ◽  
Urban Green Areas ◽  
Green Areas

Abstract Background Urban world population has raised to 4.2 billion in 2018, with 2.5 billion more forecasted by 2050. Cities are places of opportunities but, at the same time, sites of environmental and social risk factors. Scientific evidence about urban green's environmental benefits is abundant, but Public Health outcomes are seldom carefully defined. The project aims at assessing the Public, Urban and Mental Health outcomes of urban green areas in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries, and at exploring citizen urban greenspace perception in Milan, Italy. Methods A systematic review of literature was conducted according to the 2015 PRISMA statement. Two online databases (Medline and Embase), were consulted, and inclusion criteria were set, ruling in all OECD countries-based, English-written studies from 2000 to December 2019. Only objectively measurable health outcomes were deemed suitable for analysis. Based on the main review findings, a community-based survey was created, targeting residents of Milan and its suburban area to understand better how they benefit from the urban green areas in their city. The study is being carried out by an interdisciplinary team of medical doctors and architects. Results We grouped health outcomes into five separate domains, namely cardiovascular, obesity, respiratory, neoplasia and mental health. We found negative associations between disease prevalence and urban greenspace overall quantity. Size, perceived quality and accessibility were powerfully explanatory variables. Milan community-based survey drafting is underway. Results are still preliminary and will be presented by tables, graphs and plots. Conclusions Cities are increasingly becoming critical points for many emerging Public Health challenges. The results of our study may help urban planners, key stakeholders, policymakers and communities to preserve and increase existing green spaces, and to improve Urban Public Health. Key messages Urban greenspace is paramount to OECD cities’ current and future sustainability because of its significant impact on Public, Urban and Mental Health. Milan citizens show remarkable care for urban greenspaces integrity and development.

scholarly journals The Effect of Landscape on the Diversity in Urban Green Areas

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Kirichenko-Babko ◽  
Grzegorz Łagód ◽  
Dariusz Majerek ◽  
Małgorzata Franus ◽  
Roman Babko
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Urban Green Areas ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
High Species Richness ◽  
The City

Abstract This article presented the results of a comparative analysis of carabid species compositions (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in urban green areas of the City of Lublin, Eastern Poland. In this study, the occurrence and abundance of ground beetles were analysed according to habitat preference and dispersal ability. A total of 65 carabid species were found in the three green areas. Obviously, the high species richness of ground beetles in the greenery of the Lublin is determined by the mostly undeveloped floodplain of the river Bystrzyca. The species richness of carabids and their relative abundance decrease in the assemblage of green areas under the effect of isolation of green patches and fragmentation of the semi-natural landscape elements in the urban environment. Generalists and open-habitat species significantly prevailed in all green areas. The prevailing of riparian and forest species at floodplain sites of the river Bystrzyca demonstrated the existence of a connection of the carabid assemblage with landscape of river valley. The Saski Park and gully “Rury” are more influenced by urbanization (fragmentation, isolation of green patches) and recreation that is consistent with the significant prevalence of open-habitats species in the carabid beetle assemblage.

The effect of urban green areas on pollen concentrations at ground level: a study in the city of Florence (Italy)

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 127045
Author(s):  
Francesco Ciani ◽  
Lorella Dell’Olmo ◽  
Bruno Foggi ◽  
Marta Mariotti Lippi
Keyword(s):  
Ground Level ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Urban Green Areas ◽  
Pollen Concentrations ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
The City

scholarly journals Evaluating the Relationship between Park Features and Ecotherapeutic Environment: A Comparative Study of Two Parks in Istanbul, Beylikdüzü

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4600
Author(s):  
Didem Kara ◽  
Gülden Demet Oruç
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
User Experiences ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Human Psychology ◽  
Urban Green Areas ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
The Relationship

The impacts of problems related to dense, unplanned, and irregular urbanization on the natural environment, urban areas, and humankind have been discussed in many disciplines for decades. Because of the circular relationship between humans and their environment, human health and psychology have become both agents and patients in interactions with nature. The field of ecopsychology investigates within this reciprocal context the relationship between human psychology and ecological issues and the roles of human psychology and society in environmental problems based on deteriorated nature–human relationships in urbanized areas. This approach has given rise to ecotherapy, which takes a systemic approach to repairing this disturbed nature–human relationship. This study aims to uncover the relationship between the physical attributes of urban green areas and their potential for providing ecotherapy service to users, first by determining the characteristics of ecotherapeutic urban space and urban green areas given in studies in the ecopsychology and ecotherapy literature, and then by conducting a case study in two urban parks from the Beylikdüzü District of the Istanbul Metropolitan Area. The impacts of these parks’ changing physical characteristics on user experiences are determined through a comparison of their physical attributes and the user experiences related to their ecotherapy services.

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