Impacts of Heinrich events upon Human existence potential in Europe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Rostami ◽  
Konstantin Klein ◽  
Christian Wegener ◽  
Yaping Shao ◽  
Gerd-Christian Weniger
Keyword(s):  
Aridity Index ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Climate Forcing ◽  
Least Cost Path ◽  
Last Glacial Period ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Heinrich Events ◽  
Extreme Cold ◽  
The Last Glacial

<p>Heinrich events are recognized as the dominant periods of extreme cold terrestrial climate conditions during the last glacial period. The role of climate forcing alone upon Human Existence Potential (HEP) during extreme events, e.g. Heinrich and Dansgaard-Oeschger events, is not yet sufficiently resolved. By reproducing climate variables during the two extreme cold and warm cycles by means of an Earth System Model, employing an improved HEP model, and utilizing archaeological excavation sites, we report the spatial distribution of HEP over Europe during both cold stadials and warm interstadials corresponding to the two Upper Palaeolithic technocomplexes: Late Gravettian and Aurignacian. By introducing some other diagnostics like Environmental Human Catchment, which is defined as an area delimited by low HEP, cooling-aridity index, and Least Cost Path among colonized people, we shed light into population dynamics in this epoch. Consecutive extreme cold and warm cycles, corresponding to contraction-expansion of HEP, supports the hypothesis of repetitive depopulation–repopulation cycles of habitats. Regarding the controversial issue of late survival location of Neanderthals, we illustrate that western coastlines had such a suitable and stable HEP scores for all human taxa including Neanderthals to survive during Heinrich events.</p>

scholarly journals Quantifying molecular oxygen isotope variations during a Heinrich stadial

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1527-1551 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Reutenauer ◽  
A. Landais ◽  
T. Blunier ◽  
C. Bréant ◽  
M. Kageyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Atmospheric Oxygen ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Fractionation Factor ◽  
Last Glacial Period ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
The Last Glacial

Abstract. δ18O of atmospheric oxygen (δ18Oatm) undergoes millennial-scale variations during the last glacial period, and systematically increases during Heinrich stadials (HSs). Changes in δ18Oatm combine variations in biospheric and water cycle processes. The identification of the main driver of the millennial variability in δ18Oatm is thus not straightforward. Here, we quantify the response of δ18Oatm to such millennial events using a freshwater hosing simulation performed under glacial boundary conditions. Our global approach takes into account the latest estimates of isotope fractionation factor for respiratory and photosynthetic processes and make use of atmospheric water isotope and vegetation changes. Our modeling approach allows to reproduce the main observed features of a HS in terms of climatic conditions, vegetation distribution and δ18O of precipitation. We use it to decipher the relative importance of the different processes behind the observed changes in δ18Oatm. The results highlight the dominant role of hydrology on δ18Oatm and confirm that δ18Oatm can be seen as a global integrator of hydrological changes over vegetated areas.

Link between the North and South Atlantic during the Heinrich events of the last glacial period

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 909-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Vidal ◽  
R.R. Schneider ◽  
O. Marchal ◽  
T. Bickert ◽  
T.F. Stocker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Atlantic ◽  
Glacial Period ◽  
Last Glacial Period ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Heinrich Events ◽  
The North ◽  
North And South ◽  
The Last Glacial

scholarly journals Millennial-scale iceberg discharges in the Irminger Basin during the Last Glacial Period: Relationship with the Heinrich events and environmental settings

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 433-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Elliot ◽  
Laurent Labeyrie ◽  
Gerard Bond ◽  
Elsa Cortijo ◽  
Jean-Louis Turon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glacial Period ◽  
Last Glacial Period ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Heinrich Events ◽  
The Last Glacial ◽  
Millennial Scale

scholarly journals High-resolution climate records from two stalagmites in Qixin Cave, southern Guizhou, and Heinrich events during the last glacial period

Episodes ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Meiliang ◽  
Cheng Hai ◽  
Yuan Daoxian ◽  
Lin Yushi ◽  
Qin Jiaming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Glacial Period ◽  
Last Glacial Period ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Heinrich Events ◽  
Climate Records ◽  
The Last Glacial

The bearing of phyto-archaeological evidence on discussions of climatic change over recent millennia

1990 ◽  
Vol 330 (1615) ◽  
pp. 671-677 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Pinus Halepensis ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Last Glacial Period ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Buxus Sempervirens ◽  
Late Mesolithic ◽  
The Last Glacial

Phyto-archaeological data based on macro-remains studies, especially prehistoric charcoal, provide evidence concerning the changes in western Mediterranean vegetation during the last millennia. Comparisons are based on present vegetation levels as defined by Ozenda. From the last glacial period to the present time, differences between warm and cool vegetation were of about 8 °C in the south of France but less extreme in more southern regions. The late Pleistocene and early Holocene (Late Palaeolithic and part of Mesolithic) were a period of transition with pines and junipers. Then, the late Mesolithic and the early Neolithic are typically periods of good forestation. During the Neolithic period deciduous and holm oaks had a role of varying importance in all the present Mediterranean levels (thermomeso- and supramediterranean). Man’s influence on the vegetation became significant in the middle Neolithic (south of France) or earlier (south of Spain) and may be characterized by plants such as Buxus sempervirens, Quercus ilex, Pinus halepensis and heaths. The Chalcolithic, the Roman period and the Middle Ages are also periods during which Man’s influence was important.

scholarly journals Last glacial fire regime variability in western France inferred from microcharcoal preserved in core MD04-2845, Bay of Biscay

2009 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Laure Daniau ◽  
Maria Fernanda Sánchez Goñi ◽  
Josette Duprat
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Bay Of Biscay ◽  
Glacial Period ◽  
Last Glacial Period ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Heinrich Events ◽  
Neogloboquadrina Pachyderma ◽  
The Last Glacial

AbstractHigh resolution multiproxy analysis (microcharcoal, pollen, organic carbon, Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (s), ice rafted debris) of the deep-sea record MD04-2845 (Bay of Biscay) provides new insights for understanding mechanisms of fire regime variability of the last glacial period in western France. Fire regime of western France closely follows Dansgaard–Oeschger climatic variability and presents the same pattern than that of southwestern Iberia, namely low fire regime associated with open vegetation during stadials including Heinrich events, and high fire regime associated with open forest during interstadials. This supports a regional climatic control on fire regime for western Europe through fuel availability for the last glacial period. Additionally, each of Heinrich events 6, 5 and 4 is characterised by three episodes of fire regime, with a high regime bracketed by lower fire regime episodes, related to vegetational succession and complex environmental condition changes.

scholarly journals Magnitude, frequency and climate forcing of global volcanism during the last glacial period as seen in Greenland and Antarctic ice cores (60–9 ka)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiamei Lin ◽  
Anders Svensson ◽  
Christine S. Hvidberg ◽  
Johannes Lohmann ◽  
Steffen Kristiansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ice Cores ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Climate Forcing ◽  
Glacial Period ◽  
Climatic Forcing ◽  
Last Glacial Period ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Sulfur Emission ◽  
Emission Strength ◽  
The Last Glacial

Abstract. Large volcanic eruptions occurring in the last glacial period can be detected in terms of their deposited sulfuric acid in continuous ice cores. Here we employ continuous sulfate and sulfur records from three Greenland and three Antarctic ice cores to estimate the emission strength, the frequency and the climatic forcing of large volcanic eruptions that occurred during the second half of the last glacial period and the early Holocene, 60–9 ka years before AD 2000 (b2k). The ice cores are synchronized over most of the investigated interval making it possible to distinguish large eruptions with a global sulfate distribution from eruptions detectable in one hemisphere only. Due to limited data resolution and to a large variability in the sulfate background signal, particularly in the Greenland glacial climate, we only detect Greenland sulfate depositions larger than 20 kg km−2 and Antarctic sulfate depositions larger than 10 kg km−2. With those restrictions, we identify 1113 volcanic eruptions in Greenland and 740 eruptions in Antarctica within the 51 ka period – where the sulfate deposition of 85 eruptions is defined at both poles (bipolar eruptions). Based on the relative Greenland and Antarctic sulfate deposition, we estimate the latitudinal band of the bipolar eruptions and assess their approximate climatic forcing based on established methods. The climate forcing of the five largest eruptions is estimated to be higher than −70 W m−2. Twenty-seven of the identified bipolar eruptions are larger than any volcanic eruption occurring in the last 2500 years and 69 eruptions are estimated to have larger sulfur emission strengths than the VEI-7 Tambora eruption that occurred in Indonesia in 1815 AD. The frequency of eruptions larger than the typical VEI-7 (VEI-8) eruption by the comparison of sulfur emission strength is found to be 5.3 (7) times higher than estimated from geological evidence. Throughout the investigated period, the frequency of volcanic eruptions is rather constant and comparable to that of recent times. During the deglacial period (16–9 ka b2k), however, there is a notable increase in the frequency of volcanic events recorded in Greenland and an obvious increase in the fraction of very large eruptions. For Antarctica, the deglacial period cannot be distinguished from other periods. These volcanoes documented in ice cores provide atmospheric sulfate burden and climate forcing for further research on climate impact and understanding the mechanism of the Earth system.

scholarly journals Quantifying molecular oxygen isotope variations during a Heinrich Stadial

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 2281-2339
Author(s):  
C. Reutenauer ◽  
A. Landais ◽  
T. Blunier ◽  
C. Bréant ◽  
M. Kageyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Cycle ◽  
Atmospheric Oxygen ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Water Isotopes ◽  
Fractionation Factor ◽  
Last Glacial Period ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
The Last Glacial

Abstract. δ18O of atmospheric oxygen (δ18Oatm) undergoes millennial scale variations during the last glacial period, and systematically increases during Heinrich Stadials (HS). Changes in δ18Oatm combine variations in biospheric and water cycle processes. The identification of the main driver of the millennial variability of δ18Oatm is thus not straightforward. Here, we quantify the response of δ18Oatm to such millennial events using a freshwater hosing simulation (HS_exp) performed under glacial boundary conditions. Our global approach takes into account the latest estimates of isotope fractionation factor for respiratory and photosynthetic processes and make use of atmospheric water isotopes and vegetations changes. Our modeling approach allows to reproduce the main observed features of a HS in terms of climatic conditions, vegetation distribution and δ18O of precipitation. We use it to decipher the relative importance of the different processes behind the observed changes in δ18Oatm. The results highlight the dominant role of hydrology on δ18Oatm and confirm that δ18Oatm can be seen as a global integrator of hydrological changes over vegetated areas.

scholarly journals The role of basal hydrology in the surging of the Laurentide Ice Sheet

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1601-1617 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. G. Roberts ◽  
Antony J. Payne ◽  
Paul J. Valdes
Keyword(s):  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Laurentide Ice Sheet ◽  
Water Drainage ◽  
Heinrich Events ◽  
Sensitivity Tests ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Switch Mechanism ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

Abstract. We use the Glimmer ice sheet model to simulate periodic surges over the Laurentide Ice Sheet during the Last Glacial Maximum. In contrast to previous studies we use the depth of water at the base of the ice sheet as the switch for these surges. We find that the surges are supported within the model and are quite robust across a very wide range of parameter choices, in contrast to many previous studies where surges only occur for rather specific cases. The robustness of the surges is likely due to the use of water as the switch mechanism for sliding. The statistics of the binge–purge cycles resemble observed Heinrich events. The events have a period of between 10 and 15 thousand years and can produce fluxes of ice from the mouth of Hudson Strait of 0.05 Sv – a maximum flux of 0.06 Sv is possible. The events produce an ice volume of 2.50  ×  106 km3, with a range of 4.30  ×  106–1.90  ×  106 km3 possible. We undertake a suite of sensitivity tests varying the sliding parameter, the water drainage scheme, the sliding versus water depth parameterisation and the resolution, all of which support the ice sheet surges. This suggests that internally triggered ice sheet surges were a robust feature of the Laurentide Ice Sheet and are a possible explanation for the observed Heinrich events.

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