scholarly journals Validation practices for satellite soil moisture retrievals: What are (the) errors?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Gruber ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Best Practice Guidelines ◽  
Community Effort ◽  
Earth Observation Satellites ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Practical Recommendations

<p>In this talk, we present the results of a recently published milestone publication for the validation of global coarse-scale satellite soil moisture products (doi:10.1016/j.rse.2020.111806). It is a community effort in which validation good practice guidelineshave been developed. We provide theoretical background, a review of state-of-the-art methodologies for estimating errors in soil moisture data sets, practical recommendations on data pre-processing and presentation of statistical results, and a recommended validation protocol that is supplemented with an example validation exercise focused on microwave-based surface soil moisture products. We conclude by identifying research gaps that should be addressed in the near future. The presented guidelines are endorsed by the Land Product Validation Subgroup of the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (https://lpvs.gsfc.nasa.gov) and aim to serve as exemplary work for the development of similar best practice guidelines in other communities.</p>

scholarly journals Current Developments and Best Practice in Open and Distance Learning

2000 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando Rocha Trinidade ◽  
Hermano Carmo ◽  
José Bidarra
Keyword(s):  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Technical Content ◽  
Support Mechanisms ◽  
The Many ◽  
Absolute Concept ◽  
Near Future

Through the many documents regularly emitted by those dedicated to this activity, it is comparatively easy to describe factual developments in the field of open and distance education in different places in the world. However, it is much more difficult to produce judgements of value about their quality. Quality is a subjective rather than an absolute concept and may be examined from different analytical perspectives: consumers' satisfaction level, intrinsic value of scientific and technical content of learning materials, soundness of learning strategies, efficiency of organisation and procedures, adequate use of advanced technologies, reliability of student support mechanisms, etc. These parameters should be put into the context of specific objectives, nature of target populations and availability of different kinds of resources. In a specific geographic, social, economic and cultural situation a given set of solutions might be judged as adequate and deserving the qualification of "good practice", while in a different context it could be considered of rather poor quality. The selection of examples in this article is the sole responsibility of the authors: neither should the chosen cases be considered as clearly better than any other one, nor missing cases be interpreted as lack of appreciation or a negative judgement. Finally, the authors are aware of the risks of interpreting trends and trying to extrapolate them into the near future: readers should use their own judgement in accepting (or forcefully rejecting) these projections.

Verification, Validation, and Best Practices for a High-Order, Potential-Flow Boundary Element Method

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. James Doyle ◽  
Lauren S. Schambach ◽  
Marc V. Smith ◽  
Charles Field ◽  
Christopher J. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Element Method ◽  
Boundary Element ◽  
Potential Flow ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
High Order ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Design Environment ◽  
Best Practice Guidelines ◽  
Physical Experiments ◽  
Element Method

Aegir is a medium-fidelity potential flow code that uses a high-order, non-uniform rational B-Spline (NURBS) based boundary-element method for the computation of steady and unsteady ship hydrodynamics. This paper documents verification and validation for Aegir in its steady-state wave resistance prediction mode and Aegir’s LEAPS to Aegir function. A set of best practice guidelines has been created to aid the user in selecting initial input parameters, which reduces the necessary time for verification. This paper also presents validation of the numerical solution versus physical experiments from publically available ship data sets. Aegir has become more prevalent in the naval ship design community and is now a part of the US Navy’s Integrated Hydrodynamic Design Environment (IHDE).

scholarly journals From evidence to practice: Developing best practice guidelines for the delivery of activities to people living with moderate to advanced dementia using a pragmatic observational study

Dementia ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 147130122095780
Author(s):  
Amanda Burke ◽  
Andy Jones ◽  
Ryan Hughes ◽  
Emily Player
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Advanced Dementia ◽  
Best Practice Guidelines ◽  
The Right ◽  
Atmosphere Environment

The benefits of physical activities for those living with moderate to advanced dementia are well documented and include improved well-being and quality of life. What is less well known is how best to deliver such activities to make them meaningful for those taking part and, more generally, how to develop good practice guidance for working with this group. This article reports on an observational study of a physical activity programme in a residential care setting, Mobile Me, and on the process used to develop good practice guidance from it, which included input from a range of stakeholders. Learnings from this study conclude that changes in delivery and setting can contribute to a difference in the quality of the experience for participants and their levels of well-being during sessions. The findings from the study were consolidated into four themes for disseminating best practice: promoting the right atmosphere, environment, communication, and adaptations. These form part of a new multimedia best practice guide for delivering physical activities to those living with moderate to advanced dementia.

Developing Occupational Therapy Best Practice Guidelines for Acute Medical Services

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-100
Author(s):  
Nicola Mearns ◽  
◽  
Alison Millar ◽  
Fiona Murray ◽  
Susanne Fraser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Practice Guidelines ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Flow Chart ◽  
Therapy Process ◽  
Acute Medicine ◽  
Best Practice Guidelines

Occupational Therapists began exploring their role in Acute Medicine in the late 1990’s.1 A decade later the presence of Occupational Therapists in accident & emergency departments and acute medical units is seen as routine. The literature and evidence base to support this, however, has not progressed as rapidly. With few guidelines to support practice the authors produced a document locally to promote standardisation of good practice and equity of treatment within all relevant NHS Lothian and NHS Borders sites. A table illustrates the specialist skills necessary for Occupational Therapy in Acute Medicine and appendices outline components of various assessments. It is hoped that as therapists progress through the flow chart they can utilise further sections of the guidelines related to specific assessments. This article will introduce the reader to the occupational therapy process in acute medicine and describe the guidelines that are currently in use.

scholarly journals Genomic Machine Learning Meta-regression: Insights on Associations of Study Features with Reported Model Performance

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen V Faraone ◽  
Eric J Barnett ◽  
Daniel Onete ◽  
Asif Salekin
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Feature Selection ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Best Practice Guidelines ◽  
And Training

Background: Many studies have been conducted with the goal of correctly predicting diagnostic status of a disorder using the combination of genetic data and machine learning. The methods of these studies often differ drastically. It is often hard to judge which components of a study led to better results and whether better reported results represent a true improvement or an uncorrected bias inflating performance. Methods: In this systematic review, we extracted information about the methods used and other differentiating features in genomic machine learning models. We used the extracted features in mixed-effects linear regression models predicting model performance. We tested for univariate and multivariate associations as well as interactions between features. Results: In univariate models the number of hyperparameter optimizations reported and data leakage due to feature selection were significantly associated with an increase in reported model performance. In our multivariate model, the number of hyperparameter optimizations, data leakage due to feature selection, and training size were significantly associated with an increase in reported model performance. The interaction between number of hyperparameter optimizations and training size as well as the interaction between data leakage due to optimization and training size were significantly associated reported model performance. Conclusions: Our results suggest that methods susceptible to data leakage are prevalent among genomic machine learning research, which may result in inflated reported performance. The interactions of these features with training size suggest that if data leakage susceptible methods continue to be used, modelling efforts using larger data sets may result in unexpectedly lower results compared to smaller data sets. Best practice guidelines that promote the avoidance and recognition of data leakage may help the field advance and avoid biased results.

scholarly journals Librarians as partners in research data service development at Griffith University

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 440-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Searle ◽  
Malcolm Wolski ◽  
Natasha Simons ◽  
Joanna Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Data Services ◽  
Best Practice Guidelines ◽  
Iterative Software ◽  
Institutional Capability

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe the evolution to date and future directions in research data policy, infrastructure, skills development and advisory services in an Australian university, with a focus on the role of librarians. Design/methodology/approach – The authors have been involved in the development of research data services at Griffith, and the case study presents observations and reflections arising from their first-hand experiences. Findings – Griffith University’s organisational structure and “whole-of-enterprise” approach has facilitated service development to support research data. Fostering strong national partnerships has also accelerated development of institutional capability. Policies and strategies are supported by pragmatic best practice guidelines aimed directly at researchers. Iterative software development and a commitment to well-supported enterprise infrastructure enable the provision of a range of data management solutions. Training programs, repository support and data planning services are still relatively immature. Griffith recognises that information services staff (including librarians) will need more opportunities to develop knowledge and skills to support these services as they evolve. Originality/value – This case study provides examples of library-led and library-supported activities that could be used for comparative purposes by other libraries. At the same time, it provides a critical perspective by contrasting areas of good practice within the University with those of less satisfactory progress. While other institutions may have different constraints or opportunities, some of the major concepts within this paper may prove useful to advance the development of research data capability and capacity across the library profession.

Opioid crisis in primary care? An audit of high-dose opioid prescribing at Bangholm GP Practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. bjgp20X711581
Author(s):  
Charlotte Greene ◽  
Alice Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Practice Guidelines ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Opioid Prescription ◽  
Opioid Prescribing ◽  
Best Practice Guidelines

BackgroundOpioids are effective analgesics for acute and palliative pain, but there is no evidence base for long-term pain relief. They also carry considerable risks such as overdose and dependence. Despite this, they are increasingly prescribed for chronic pain. In the UK, opioid prescribing more than doubled between 1998 and 2018.AimAn audit at Bangholm GP Practice to understand the scale of high-strength opioid prescribing. The aim of the audit was to find out if indications, length of prescription, discussion, and documentation at initial consultation and review process were consistent with best-practice guidelines.MethodA search on Scottish Therapeutics Utility for patients prescribed an average daily dose of opioid equivalent ≥50 mg morphine between 1 July 2019 and 1 October 2019, excluding methadone, cancer pain, or palliative prescriptions. The Faculty of Pain Medicine’s best-practice guidelines were used.ResultsDemographics: 60 patients (37 females), average age 62, 28% registered with repeat opioid prescription, 38% comorbid depression. Length of prescription: average 6 years, 57% >5 years, 22% >10 years. Opioid: 52% tramadol, 23% on two opioids. Indications: back pain (42%), osteoarthritis (12%), fibromyalgia (10%). Initial consultation: 7% agreed outcomes, 35% follow-up documented. Review: 56% 4-week, 70% past year.ConclusionOpioid prescribing guidelines are not followed. The significant issues are: long-term prescriptions for chronic pain, especially back pain; new patients registering with repeat prescriptions; and no outcomes of treatment agreed, a crucial message is the goal is pain management rather than relief. Changes have been introduced at the practice: a patient information sheet, compulsory 1-month review for new patients on opioids, and in-surgery pain referrals.

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