An improved representation of ephemeral pool hydrology in a semi-distributed hydrologic model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Bizhanimanzar ◽  
Marie Larocque ◽  
Marjolaine Roux
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Pso Algorithm ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Water Level Fluctuations ◽  
Isolated Wetlands ◽  
Ephemeral Pools ◽  
Depth Relationship ◽  
The Impact

<p>Ephemeral pools are seasonally flooded geographically isolated wetlands with distinct hydrology i.e., they are filled in winter and spring with inflow from snowmelt, and precipitation and dry out during summer. Ephemeral pools offer a variety of biodiversity benefits notably providing breeding habitat for several amphibian and invertebrate species. The quality of their ecosystem services is mainly controlled by their hydroperiod which is regulated by hydrology i.e., inflow /outflow of the pools. The classic water budget modeling approach with a simplified representation of the flow exchange between the pool and surface-subsurface zones may not adequately reveal their sensitivity to anthropogenic interventions and climatic changes. On the other hand, the generic volume-area-depth relationship of isolated wetlands in deterministic hydrologic models may not adequately reveal their dynamic water level fluctuations. The objective of this study, in the first place, is to improve the representation of ephemeral pools in the semi-distributed SWAT hydrological model, notably in the pothole module which is used for modeling isolated wetlands. The developed model will then be used to analyze the impact of land use and climate changes on dynamics of hydroperiods of ephemeral pools of the Saumon River watershed (68 km<sup>2</sup>) in the Canadian Shield of the Outaouais region (Quebec, Canada). A detailed bathymetry survey along with a long series (one to five years) of daily water level measurements available at ten pools allowed to replace the simplified linear volume-area relationship with the measured rating curve for the ephemeral pools in this region. The calibration process of the revised model is performed using the standard SWAT calibration code (SWAT-CUP) coupled to a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm adjusting evaporation and seepage coefficients of the revised module for all isolated wetlands of the region. This double calibration ensures representation of both the watershed hydrology (10 years of river flow rates) and the water level fluctuations in the pools. The simulation results show that the revised SWAT version can adequately reproduce the dynamic water level behavior of the monitored pools as well as streamflow discharges. The model is currently used with scenarios of human and climatic disturbances to understand their impact on the filling-drying cycle of ephemeral pools and on the integrated hydrologic system at the watershed scale.</p>

Quantifying recent lake level changes in Patagonia (Argentina and Chile): Back to the future?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Ariztegui ◽  
Clément Pollier ◽  
Andrés Bilmes
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Lake Level ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Tierra Del Fuego ◽  
Water Level Fluctuations ◽  
Lake Levels ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rainfall Variations ◽  
The Impact

<p>Lake levels in hydrologically closed-basins are very sensitive to climatically and/or anthropogenically triggered environmental changes. Their record through time can provide valuable information to forecast changes that can have substantial economical and societal impact.</p><p>Increasing precipitation in eastern Patagonia (Argentina) have been documented following years with strong El Niño (cold) events using historical and meteorological data. Quantifying changes in modern lake levels allow determining the impact of rainfall variations while contributing to anticipate the evolution of lacustrine systems over the next decades with expected fluctuations in ENSO frequencies. Laguna Carrilaufquen Grande is located in the intermontane Maquinchao Basin, Argentina. Its dimension fluctuates greatly, from 20 to 55 km<sup>2</sup> water surface area and an average water depth of 3 m. Several well-preserved gravelly beach ridges witness rainfall variations that can be compared to meteorological data and satellite images covering the last ~50 years. Our results show that in 2016 lake level was the lowest of the past 44 years whereas the maximum lake level was recorded in 1985 (+11.8 m above the current lake level) in a position 1.6 km to the east of the present shoreline. A five-years moving average rainfall record of the area was calculated smoothing the extreme annual events and correlated to the determined lake level fluctuations. The annual variation of lake levels was up to 1.2 m (e.g. 2014) whereas decadal variations related to humid-arid periods for the interval 2002 to 2016 were up to 9.4 m. These data are consistent with those from other monitored lakes and, thus, our approach opens up new perspectives to understand the historical water level fluctuations of lakes with non-available monitoring data.</p><p> </p><p>Laguna de los Cisnes in the Chilean section of the island of Tierra del Fuego, is a closed-lake presently divided into two sections of 2.2 and 11.9 km<sup>2</sup>, respectively. These two water bodies were united in the past forming a single larger lake. The lake level was  ca. 4 m higher than today as shown by clear shorelines and the outcropping of large Ca-rich microbialites. Historical data, aerial photographs and satellite images indicate that the most recent changes in lake level are the result of a massive decrease of water input during the last half of the 20<sup>th</sup> century triggered by an indiscriminate use of the incoming water for agricultural purposes. The spectacular outcropping of living and fossil microbialites is not only interesting from a scientific point of view but has also initiated the development of the site as a local touristic attraction. However, if the use of the incoming water for agriculture in the catchment remains unregulated the lake water level might drop dangerously and eventually the lake might fully desiccate.</p><p>These two examples illustrate how recent changes in lake level can be used to anticipate the near future of lakes. They show that ongoing climate changes along with the growing demand of natural resources have already started to impact lacustrine systems and this is likely to increase in the decades to come.</p>

scholarly journals Investigating the Applicability of Error Correction Ensembles of Satellite Rainfall Products in River Flow Simulations

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1194-1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana Maggioni ◽  
Humberto J. Vergara ◽  
Emmanouil N. Anagnostou ◽  
Jonathan J. Gourley ◽  
Yang Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Error Propagation ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Runoff Simulation ◽  
Stochastic Error ◽  
Precipitation Estimation ◽  
Satellite Rainfall ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study uses a stochastic ensemble-based representation of satellite rainfall error to predict the propagation in flood simulation of three quasi-global-scale satellite rainfall products across a range of basin scales. The study is conducted on the Tar-Pamlico River basin in the southeastern United States based on 2 years of data (2004 and 2006). The NWS Multisensor Precipitation Estimator (MPE) dataset is used as the reference for evaluating three satellite rainfall products: the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) real-time 3B42 product (3B42RT), the Climate Prediction Center morphing technique (CMORPH), and the Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Imagery Using Artificial Neural Networks–Cloud Classification System (PERSIANN-CCS). Both ground-measured runoff and streamflow simulations, derived from the NWS Research Distributed Hydrologic Model forced with the MPE dataset, are used as benchmarks to evaluate ensemble streamflow simulations obtained by forcing the model with satellite rainfall corrected using stochastic error simulations from a two-dimensional satellite rainfall error model (SREM2D). The ability of the SREM2D ensemble error corrections to improve satellite rainfall-driven runoff simulations and to characterize the error variability of those simulations is evaluated. It is shown that by applying the SREM2D error ensemble to satellite rainfall, the simulated runoff ensemble is able to envelope both the reference runoff simulation and observed streamflow. The best (uncorrected) product is 3B42RT, but after applying SREM2D, CMORPH becomes the most accurate of the three products in the prediction of runoff variability. The impact of spatial resolution on the rainfall-to-runoff error propagation is also evaluated for a cascade of basin scales (500–5000 km2). Results show a doubling in the bias from rainfall to runoff at all basin scales. Significant dependency to catchment area is exhibited for the random error propagation component.

Modeling the impact of in-stream water level fluctuations on stream-aquifer interactions at the regional scale

2011 ◽  
Vol 400 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 490-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firas Saleh ◽  
Nicolas Flipo ◽  
Florence Habets ◽  
Agnès Ducharne ◽  
Ludovic Oudin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Water Level Fluctuations ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Water Level Fluctuations in the Turawa Reservoir in Relation to the Tourist Use of the Water Body

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-144
Author(s):  
Andrzej T. Jankowski ◽  
Marek Ruman
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Water Body ◽  
High Water ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Water Level Fluctuations ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Odra River ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

Abstract The aim of the paper is to assess the fluctuations of water levels in the Turawa Reservoir (50° 43’ N, 18° 08’ E) in relation to the tourist use of the water body. The reservoir is situated within the macroregion of the Silesian Lowland in the mesoregion of the Opole Plain. In administrative terms, the reservoir is situated in the pole Province within the borough of Turawa. In hydrological terms, in turn, it is situated in the catchment area of the Mała Panew river, which belongs to the basin of the Odra river. The Turawa Reservoir was opened for use in 1938, and in 1948 it was filled with water to its maximum for the first time. At present, the surface area of the reservoir, when it is filled with water to its maximum, is about 20.8 km2, its volume 99.5 mln m3, and its depth exceeds 13 meters. In the period of hydrological years 1976-2000 water levels in this reservoir were characterized by high, unnoticed in natural conditions, amplitudes of changes reaching 6.99 m. Anthropogenically stimulated fluctuations in the water level result in conflicts in terms of tasks and functions that the Turawa Reservoir was designed for. Changes in the level of the water surface in the Turawa Reservoir resulted from the impact of the natural factors (thaw and rainfall related high water levels), as well as anthropogenic ones (the need to improve sailing conditions, water supply for industrial and municipal needs). Decreasing the fluctuations of water levels in the Turawa Reservoir is necessary in order to maintain its tourist-recreational functions and keep the ecological condition of its waters at the appropriate level.

scholarly journals Features of the balance structure formation of groundwater withdrawal and its effect on river flow at a subsoil water level drawdown

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-258
Author(s):  
S. O. Grinevsky ◽  
V. S. Sporyshev
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Level ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Groundwater Withdrawal ◽  
Intermediate Water ◽  
Subsoil Water ◽  
Balance Structure ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Subsoil Water Level ◽  
Infiltration Recharge

The balance structure of the pumpage sourses of riverside water-intakes, developing a subsoil aquifer or intermediate water that hydraulically interacts with it, can show the effect of the processes of water balance adjustment in the unsaturated zone to the accompanying subsoil water level drawdown. In this case, because of the shallow depth to subsoil water, its level drop due to water withdrawal causes a decrease in evapotranspiration and an increase in groundwater infiltration recharge. These processes have their effect on the balance structure of usable water resources as components of natural and involved resources and reduce the impact of groundwater pumping on river flow. Analysis of the operational data of the Sudogda waterintake in Vladimir oblast and geohydrological modeling were used to evaluate variations of the groundwater evaportanspiration losses and infiltration recharge and their role in the water balance structure of reserves of a field and in the impact of groundwater withdrawal on river flow.

scholarly journals Numerical studies for a better understanding of static ice loads on dams

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Kharik ◽  
Brian Morse ◽  
Varvara Roubtsova ◽  
Mario Fafard ◽  
Alain Côté ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Initial Stresses ◽  
Water Level Fluctuations ◽  
Intermediate Water ◽  
Numerical Studies ◽  
Ice Loads ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Potential Maximum

It is important to anticipate potential maximum ice loads to ensure the structural stability of dams in cold climates. Finite element modeling (FEM) can provide some insights into process mechanisms. Four important ice-loading events on dams are presented and simulated. The measured loads were caused by the thermal expansion of ice together with intermediate water level fluctuations. Only the thermal expansion is modeled by the FEM, but the impact of water level fluctuations can increase lateral confinement that increases the predicted load by 36% to 106%, particularly when the cover contains mostly columnar ice. It is demonstrated that the presence of snow ice in the cover can decrease the predicted load by 35% to 53%. The study also demonstrates how initial stresses in the ice can affect the ultimate load and show that the very-difficult-to-manage delayed-elastic strain term need not be included in the material model where preliminary results suffice.

scholarly journals Adequacy of Near Real-Time Satellite Precipitation Products in Driving Flood Discharge Simulation in the Fuji River Basin, Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1087
Author(s):  
Li Zhou ◽  
Mohamed Rasmy ◽  
Kuniyoshi Takeuchi ◽  
Toshio Koike ◽  
Hemakanth Selvarajah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Bias Correction ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Satellite Precipitation ◽  
Flood Discharge ◽  
Discharge Simulation ◽  
The Impact

Flood management is an important topic worldwide. Precipitation is the most crucial factor in reducing flood-related risks and damages. However, its adequate quality and sufficient quantity are not met in many parts of the world. Currently, near real-time satellite precipitation products (NRT SPPs) have great potential to supplement the gauge rainfall. However, NRT SPPs have several biases that require corrections before application. As a result, this study investigated two statistical bias correction methods with different parameters for the NRT SPPs and evaluated the adequacy of its application in the Fuji River basin. We employed Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP)-NRT and Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG)-Early for NRT SPPs as well as BTOP model (Block-wise use of the TOPMODEL (Topographic-based hydrologic model)) for flood runoff simulation. The results showed that the corrected SPPs by the 10-day ratio based bias correction method are consistent with the gauge data at the watershed scale. Compared with the original SPPs, the corrected SPPs improved the flood discharge simulation considerably. GSMaP-NRT and IMERG-Early have the potential for hourly river-flow simulation on a basin or large scale after bias correction. These findings can provide references for the applications of NRT SPPs in other basins for flood monitoring and early warning applications. It is necessary to investigate the impact of number of ground observation and their distribution patterns on bias correction and hydrological simulation efficiency, which is the future direction of this study.

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