FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEMS OF INVESTMENT FUNDS IN UKRAINE FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF COMPLEMENTARY PENSION PROVISION OF CITIZENS

The relevance and urgent need for the formation of complementary pension provision for the population in Ukraine has been determined. The complementary pension provision of the citizens of the country is considered as not at all implying the complete destruction of the existing solidarity pension system, but only the formation of additional mechanisms that make the pension provision of citizens generally successful even in the existing conditions. Such a mechanism can be a set of investment funds (joint investment institutions) in the country, which will add to the existing solidarity pension system elements of capital accumulation through the activation of investment processes. The purpose of the work was to determine the fundamental problems and prospects of Ukrainian investment funds (joint investment institutions) from the point of view of complementary pension provision for citizens in Ukraine. The purpose of the work was to determine the fundamental problems and prospects of Ukrainian investment funds (joint investment institutions) from the point of view of complementary pension provision for citizens in Ukraine. The article defines that the prerequisite for effective complementary provision is the optimal balance structure, which is similar to such better analogues as the Berkshire Hathaway and the Vanguard S & P 500 ETF. It is specified that the formation of a balance sheet structure in accordance with the best foreign analogues contradicts the current regulatory framework in the country, which is a fundamental problem in the formation of complementary pension provision on the basis of joint investment institutions. It is determined that the majority of investment funds existing in Ukraine in the form of joint investment institutions (ISI) under the current legislation are not able to provide a complementary pension for citizens of the country at a sufficient level of efficiency due to the impossibility of forming an optimal asset structure. The fundamental problem of ISI in the country is the legislative restrictions on the formation of the optimal structure of their balance. The optimal balance sheet structure of the investment fund, in particular assets (dominated by shares of the world’s leading companies) and liabilities (dominated by equity and raised funds by issuing bonds) is the basis for the effectiveness of complementary pension provision.

Onward To Liberation!—Samir Amin and the Study of World Historical Capitalism

This article presents theoretical and methodological insights of world-systems analysis via the works of Samir Amin and his major interlocuteurs. It is argued that Samir Amin was central to sparking the study of world historical analysis, and offered unique contributions to the discussions that emerged. It is demonstrated that this is due to Samir Amin’s ability to balance structure, specificity, and historical contingency, as well as his enduring commitment to human liberation.

Expansion of the Fuel and Energy Balance Structure in Russia through the Development of a Closed-Loop Recycling

The goal of the study is to propose the basis for the concept of expanding the fuel balance in Russia through the development of a closed-loop resource cycle. We propose to use the criterion of energy potential of waste to generate new data on the resource base of the fuel and energy complex at the regional level. In order to form a reliable source for replenishment of the resource potential of the fuel and energy complex through waste recovery, the basic principles of data collection are proposed and the methodology for determining the energy potential at the city level is demonstrated using municipal solid waste (MSW) in 11 Russian cities as an example. The results of the evaluation have shown that due to energy recycling, MSW can cover from 2.11% to 6.01% of the heat demand of the territory under consideration. In the study, we propose to supplement the maximum involvement of waste in the fuel and energy balance (FEB) in Russia with the criterion of optimization of the energy balance at all levels and to distinguish a separate column “energy potential of waste” in the balance structure. This approach fundamentally changes the structure of the balance and gives the grounds for revision of plans for production and transportation of traditional energy resources.

Thermal Characteristics of the Waste Tire Pyrolysis Process

A significant annual growth in the number of spent car tires creates a serious environmental problem and calls for the need to continue searching for efficient resource-saving methods of their recycling. There is a growing number of efforts aimed at studying waste tire thermochemical conversion processes, including their pyrolysis to obtain valuable products, including a solid fraction (coke residue), liquid hydrocarbon fraction (pyrolysis oil), and noncondensable gaseous fraction (pyrolysis gas). Commercial and pilot pyrolysis plants and reactors are reviewed. A rotating drum reactor, shaft and screw reactors are the most promising solutions for implementing a continuous process. The development of new resource-saving solutions for the pyrolysis of waste tire requires knowledge of the thermal characteristics of this process, including information on the material and heat flows in the pyrolysis reactor. The composition and thermal properties of waste tire, as well as specific outputs, composition and fuel properties of pyrolysis product material flows, including pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis oil and coke residue, are presented. Information on the pyrolysis plant or reactor heat balance structure is either absent or incomplete. Based on the data available in the literature, the heat balance of a commercial pyrolysis plant equipped with screw reactors characterized by a specific thermal destruction heat of 0.640 MJ/(kg of tires) is drawn up and studied. The numerical analysis results correlate with the data published for the commercial-grade plant. Information on the pyrolysis chamber heat balance structure is correct enough for use in engineering practice. It has been found that the specific heat consumption for the pyrolysis process is 2.269 MJ/(kg of tires). This value can be used in numerically analyzing pyrolysis plants equipped with other designs of pyrolysis reactors.

Crystal structure and temperature-dependent properties of Na2H4Ga2GeO8 – a novel gallogermanate

Synthesis, crystal structure and temperature-dependent behavior of Na2H4Ga2GeO8 are reported. This novel gallogermanate crystallizes in space group I41/acd with room-temperature powder diffraction lattice parameters of a = 1298.05(1) pm and c = 870.66(1) pm. The structure consists of MO4 (M = Ga, Ge) tetrahedra in four-ring chains, which are connected by two different (left- and right-handed) helical chains of NaO6 octahedra. Protons coordinating the oxygen atoms of the GaO4 tetrahedra not linked to germanium atoms ensure the charge balance. Structure solution and refinement are based on single crystal X-ray diffraction measurements. Proton positions are estimated using a combined approach of DFT calculations and NMR, FTIR and Raman spectroscopic techniques. The thermal expansion was examined in the range between T = 20(2) K and the compound’s decomposition temperature at 568(5) K, in which no phase transition could be observed, and Debye temperatures of 266(11) and 1566(65) K were determined for the volume expansion.

Classification of stages of development of the fuel and energy balance structure taking into account the economic ecologization factor

The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the development of the global energy market, highlights the key stages and gives their distinctive characteristics. Steady tendencies of each stage are revealed taking into account the dynamics and structure of changes in the fuel and energy balance at the level of macroregions and individual countries. It is shown that the dynamics and structure of the use of various energy carriers is uneven throughout the continuation of the development of human society. Particular attention is paid to the greening of the economy, the study of the causes and consequences of increased CO2 emissions, the impact on the economy.