Natural hazard risk management for cultural heritage assets: advances in the context of the RIACT research project

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Romão ◽  
Rui Figueiredo ◽  
Esmeralda Paupério ◽  
Gerardo Salazar ◽  
Olha Tikhonova
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Hazard Risk ◽  
Loss Data ◽  
Post Disaster

<p>Cultural heritage is universally recognized as an essential part of the socio-cultural and economic capital of a country. Current policies emphasize the strong contribution and cross-cutting nature of cultural heritage to achieve strategic goals for a smart, sustainable and inclusive growth. Furthermore, the important role that cultural heritage plays in creating and enhancing social capital has been particularly highlighted, as well as its economic impact. Nevertheless, natural hazards cause serious threats to cultural heritage, and severe damage and losses are recurrently seen to affect it due to these types of events. While such impacts can be seen to stem from a variety of sources, their physical characteristics play a significant role in their vulnerability to natural hazards. Therefore, it is imperative to explicitly consider cultural heritage in natural hazard risk reduction and management initiatives, from local to national and global scales, supported by rational and knowledge-based vulnerability and risk assessment studies.</p><p>However, the development of such assessments for a large number of cultural heritage assets in a region presents several challenges. Firstly, there is a shortage of methodological approaches to model the vulnerability and risk of cultural heritage assets to different natural hazards. Secondly, performing detailed vulnerability/risk analyses for every cultural heritage asset on a large scale (i.e. across a region or a country) would require resources that are unavailable in most cases. Finally, adequate post-disaster damage and loss data to support the development of methodologies is almost inexistent in this sector, namely due to a lack of approaches to do so, and to the difficulties in expressing intangible losses in quantitative terms.</p><p>In this context, this presentation will showcase recent advances in these fields developed within the ongoing research project RIACT (Risk Indicators for the Analysis of Cultural Heritage under Threat). These include the development of simple but robust approaches for the analysis of the vulnerability and risk of cultural heritage at various scales and their application in pilot case studies, the development of a database for collecting disaster damage and loss data in the cultural heritage sector, and the development of methodologies for cultural heritage disaster damage valuation and value-based post-disaster recovery prioritization. Ultimately, these research efforts aim to support stakeholders responsible for cultural heritage management and preservation in improving their adaptive capacity to plan for and respond to natural hazards.</p>

An Economic and Geographic Appraisal of a Spatial Natural Hazard Risk: A Study of Landslide Mitigation Rules

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 621-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
R L Bernknopf ◽  
D S Brookshire ◽  
R H Campbell ◽  
C D Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Physical Science ◽  
Spatial Representation ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
The United States ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Hazard Risk ◽  
Related Development ◽  
Landslide Mitigation ◽  
Underlying Soil

Natural hazards in the form of landslides are pervasive throughout the United States. Efficient mitigation of natural hazards requires a spatial representation of the risk, based upon the geographic distribution of physical parameters and man-related development activities. Through such a representation, the spatial probability of landslides based upon physical science concepts is estimated for Cincinnati, Ohio. Mitigation programs designed to reduce loss from landslide natural hazards are then evaluated. An optimum mitigation rule is suggested that is spatially selective and is determined by objective measurements of hillside slope and properties of the underlying soil.

scholarly journals Social integration matters: factors influencing natural hazard risk preparedness—a survey of Swiss households

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Maidl ◽  
David N. Bresch ◽  
Matthias Buchecker
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
General Population ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Hazard Risk ◽  
Integrated Risk ◽  
Risk Preparedness ◽  
Integrated Risk Management

Abstract Building a culture of risk is an essential objective within the integrated risk management paradigm. Challenges arise both due to increasing damage from natural hazards and the complexity in interaction of different actors in risk management. In Switzerland, the Strategy for Natural Hazards Switzerland, aims to establish efficient protection of the population, natural resources and material goods. This requires that all responsible actors are recognized and aware of their role in risk management. However, previous studies indicate that risk awareness and preparedness levels are rather low within the general population. For the first time, our nationwide survey provides empirical data on factors that influence individual risk preparedness in the general population. Multivariate analysis shows that taking responsibility for natural hazard risk prevention is not only related to personal experience and perceived probability of hazard events, but also crucially influenced by social forms of communication and integration. Therefore, we conclude that social capacity building needs to include such factors in order to render integrated risk management strategies successful.

scholarly journals FEARURES AND PROBLEMS OF NATURAL HAZARDS INSURANCE MARKET

2013 ◽  
pp. 127-133
Author(s):  
E. A. Tokareva
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Adverse Selection ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Insurance Market ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Rating Agencies ◽  
Risks Assessment ◽  
Post Disaster

The article deals with characteristics and problems of world natural hazards insurance market. Special attention in this article is paid to activity of direct and indirect participants of the market: policy holders, insurance intermediaries, insurers, reinsurers, companies of construction industry and real estate, banks and other financial institutions, investors, rating agencies, Government. The article underlines the importance of adequate natural hazard risks assessment. The article describes factors that influence demand and supply aspects on the market. The supply is constrained by insurer’s and reinsurer’s capacity and the willingness of investors to finance natural hazard insurance market. Low interest of potential policy holders to buy natural hazard insurance is explained mainly by practice of post-disaster government relief programs. As insurance component increases in natural disaster compensation schemes, moral hazard decreases, but adverse selection goes up.

scholarly journals Culture matters: Factors influencing natural hazard risk preparedness – a survey of Swiss households

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Maidl ◽  
David N. Bresch ◽  
Matthias Buchecker
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Hazard Risk ◽  
Integrated Risk ◽  
Nation Wide Survey ◽  
Risk Preparedness ◽  
Integrated Risk Management

Abstract. Building a culture of risk is an essential objective within the integrated risk management paradigm. Challenges arise both due to increasing damage from natural hazards and the complexity in interaction of different actors in risk management. In Switzerland, the Strategy for Natural Hazards Switzerland, aims to establish efficient protection of the population, natural resources and material goods. This requires that all actors are recognized and aware of their responsible role in risk management. However, previous, non-representative studies indicate that risk awareness and preparedness levels are rather low within the general population. For the first time, our nation-wide survey provides empirical data on factors that influ-ence individual risk preparedness. Multivariate analysis shows that taking responsibility for natural hazard risk prevention is not only related to personal experience and perceived probability of hazard events, but also crucially influenced by social forms of communication and integration. Therefore, we conclude that social capacity building needs to include such factors in order to render integrated risk management strategies successful.

scholarly journals Review article: Natural hazard risk assessments at the global scale

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1069-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. Ward ◽  
Veit Blauhut ◽  
Nadia Bloemendaal ◽  
James E. Daniell ◽  
Marleen C. de Ruiter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Global Risk ◽  
Future Projections ◽  
Hazard Risk

Abstract. Since 1990, natural hazards have led to over 1.6 million fatalities globally, and economic losses are estimated at an average of around USD 260–310 billion per year. The scientific and policy communities recognise the need to reduce these risks. As a result, the last decade has seen a rapid development of global models for assessing risk from natural hazards at the global scale. In this paper, we review the scientific literature on natural hazard risk assessments at the global scale, and we specifically examine whether and how they have examined future projections of hazard, exposure, and/or vulnerability. In doing so, we examine similarities and differences between the approaches taken across the different hazards, and we identify potential ways in which different hazard communities can learn from each other. For example, there are a number of global risk studies focusing on hydrological, climatological, and meteorological hazards that have included future projections and disaster risk reduction measures (in the case of floods), whereas fewer exist in the peer-reviewed literature for global studies related to geological hazards. On the other hand, studies of earthquake and tsunami risk are now using stochastic modelling approaches to allow for a fully probabilistic assessment of risk, which could benefit the modelling of risk from other hazards. Finally, we discuss opportunities for learning from methods and approaches being developed and applied to assess natural hazard risks at more continental or regional scales. Through this paper, we hope to encourage further dialogue on knowledge sharing between disciplines and communities working on different hazards and risk and at different spatial scales.

scholarly journals Review article: Natural hazard risk assessments at the global scale

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. Ward ◽  
Veit Blauhut ◽  
Nadia Bloemendaal ◽  
James E. Daniell ◽  
Marleen C. de Ruiter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Global Risk ◽  
Future Projections ◽  
Hazard Risk

Abstract. Since 1990, natural hazards have led to over 1.6 million fatalities globally, and economic losses are estimated at an average of around $260–310 billion per year. The scientific and policy community recognise the need to reduce these risks. As a result, the last decade has seen a rapid development of global models for assessing risk from natural hazards at the global scale. In this paper, we review the scientific literature on natural hazard risk assessments at the global scale, and specifically examine whether and how they have examined future projections of hazard, exposure, and/or vulnerability. In doing so, we examine similarities and differences between the approaches taken across the different hazards, and identify potential ways in which different hazard communities can learn from each other. For example, we show that global risk studies focusing on hydrological, climatological, and meteorological hazards, have included future projections and disaster risk reduction measures (in the case of floods), whilst these are missing in global studies related to geological hazards. The methods used for projecting future exposure in the former could be applied to the geological studies. On the other hand, studies of earthquake and tsunami risk are now using stochastic modelling approaches to allow for a fully probabilistic assessment of risk, which could benefit the modelling of risk from other hazards. Finally, we discuss opportunities for learning from methods and approaches being developed and applied to assess natural hazard risks at more continental or regional scales. Through this paper, we hope to encourage dialogue on knowledge sharing between scientists and communities working on different hazards and at different spatial scales.

Variance in Natural Hazard Risk Perception in Coastal Areas

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyungjun Park ◽  
Gyoungjun Ha ◽  
Dalbyul Lee ◽  
Juchul Jung
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Hazard Risk

Information Needs of Microenterprise Owners in Louisiana

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Jin
Keyword(s):  
Information Needs ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Industrial Sectors

This presentation will report on an ongoing research project about the information needs of microenterprise owners in Louisiana. Microenterprises are those businesses with fewer than five employees or sole proprietorships with no employees. They exist across all industrial sectors and incorporate a wide spectrum of information needs.Cette communication présente un projet de recherche en cours s'intéressant aux besoins informationnels des propriétaires de microentreprises de la Louisiane. Les microentreprises comptent moins de cinq employés, y compris celles à propriétaire unique sans employé, et sont présentes dans tous les secteurs d'activités. Les besoins informationnels varient donc grandement.

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