Thermodynamic modelling and simulation of geothermal power plants: case studies and environmental impact

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitantonio Colucci ◽  
Angelo Damone ◽  
Giampaolo Manfrida ◽  
Daniele Fiaschi
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Liquid Mixtures ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Geothermal Fluids ◽  
Framework Model ◽  
On Line ◽  
Geothermal Power ◽  
And Control ◽  
Excellent Tool ◽  
Complicated Task

<p>The emissions associated with Geothermal power plant (GTPP) due to geothermal fluids represents a compelling challenge addressed in the last decades. The on-line measuring of pollutants generated by GTPP might result in a complicated task to handle. Simulation of GTPP has become an excellent tool to monitor and control the emission of pollutants. In the present work, the pollutant emissions of GTPP of Hellisheidi (Island), Chiusdino, and Castelnuovo (Italy) are modelled and developed with Unisim Design R480 using well understood thermodynamical models implemented in OLI. The presence of brine in the thermodynamical models has been taken into account. Carbon dioxide, methane, and hydrogen sulfide are the chemical pollutants considered for the process simulation. The AQ framework model in OLI is being used for binary mixtures and non-condensable gas. Furthermore, for liquid mixtures containing more than two components, the MSE-SRK Thermodynamic model is desirable depending on the original geothermal fluid source. The simulation process outcome agrees with experimental data for pressure between 30 and 100 bar within 5% deviation. A systematic study of the spatial distribution of the emissions has been made for the area surrounding the GTPP. Furthermore, an economic evaluation overview has been performed to highlight the equipment needed for maintenance and tool substitution.</p>

The Development of Device for On-Line Monitoring Circulating Cooling Water Stability

2014 ◽  
Vol 672-674 ◽  
pp. 1743-1747
Author(s):  
Li Qiang Zhang ◽  
Mo Jie Sun ◽  
Ting Zhang ◽  
Zhao Li ◽  
Huan Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Water Quantity ◽  
Water Stability ◽  
Circulating Cooling Water ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Control

China is a country lacking of freshwater. With the water pollution from bad to worse, saving water become a serious matter which needs to be settled at once. In order to ensure the system working safely and the water quality, most power plants enable the circle cooling water to work in the low consistence, need more drainage and complement water which will make large waste of water. The good water quantity means that the water doesn’t make the furring and make cautery to the equipment. So we can improve the concentrated multiples of the cycle cooling water to save the water. Based on the specialty of the water used in the power plants, this subject study how to estimate the stability, doing the instrument and watching the stability degree, providing the scientific basis for disposing the circling water. After lots of experiments, we use the stability index as the estimation and use the pH determination as the alkalinity determination.The instrument uses the date collecting card to collect and use computer to dispose the date and control the instrument. The system inspects the stability of the cycle cooling water real time automatically.

scholarly journals Measurement and control techniques in geothermal power plants

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.F. Whitbeck ◽  
R.H. Dart ◽  
J.D. Miller ◽  
D.R. Brewer
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Geothermal Power ◽  
And Control ◽  
Measurement And Control

A Risk-Informed On-Line Test and Maintenance Framework for Redundant Instrumentation and Control Systems in Nuclear Power Plants

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lixuan Lu ◽  
Jin Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Reliability Analysis ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
On Line ◽  
Line Test ◽  
And Control

Deregulation forces Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) to operate not only safely, but also more economically. Instrumentation and Control (I&C) systems in NPPs play an important role to reduce operational related costs. Therefore, a well-planned test and maintenance (T&M) strategy for I&C systems is more important then ever in this deregulated energy market. This paper presents a general T&M framework for digital I&C systems in NPPs. There are three main parts within this framework: probabilistic safety assessment (PSA), reliability analysis, and costs evaluation. PSA is used to set risk-informed unavailability limits. Reliability analysis is used to derive the relation between the unavailability and the T&M interval. Costs associated with not only T&M, but also reactor mal-shutdowns are evaluated. The Shutdown System Number One (SDSI) in Canadian Deuterium-Uranium (CANDU) based NPPs is used as an example system to illustrate the proposed framework.

scholarly journals Corrosion Behaviour of L80 Steel Grade in Geothermal Power Plants in Switzerland

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Vallejo Vitaller ◽  
Ueli Angst ◽  
Bernhard Elsener
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Corrosion Behaviour ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Corrosion Products ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Geothermal Fluids ◽  
Geothermal Power ◽  
Operational Issues

In Switzerland, deep geothermal energy can give a promising contribution to the future energy scenario. However, the expertise in operational issues of deep geothermal power plants is limited, and technical challenges, such as corrosion, are a determining factor for their reliable and long-term operation. In this work, two representative fluids of optimal geothermal conditions in Switzerland were studied. The corrosiveness of the solutions was assessed using two experimental setups that allow investigating the range of temperatures and pressures that apply to the reservoir and power plant conditions. The corrosion behaviour of API L80 steel was analyzed by means of electrochemical measurements (at 100 and 200 ∘ C ) and of gravimetric tests (at 100 ∘ C ). After the tests, the morphologies and composition of the corrosion products were obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-Ray (EDX) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD). Results show that corrosion rates are significantly high at 100 ∘ C in environments with a chloride concentration of around 600 mg/L and pH around 7. The corrosion products deposited on the metal surface mainly consist of magnetite and/or hematite that might potentially form a protective layer. This study gives a first insight of the potential corrosiveness of geothermal fluids in Switzerland.

scholarly journals Microstructural and chemical variation in silica-rich precipitates at the Hellisheiði geothermal power plant

2014 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 1381-1389 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Meier ◽  
E. Gunnlaugsson ◽  
I. Gunnarsson ◽  
B. Jamtveit ◽  
C. L. Peacock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amorphous Silica ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Fluid Composition ◽  
Silica Layer ◽  
Geothermal Systems ◽  
Pipe Surface ◽  
Geothermal Fluids ◽  
Geothermal Power

Precipitation of amorphous silica (SiO2) in geothermal power plants, although a common factor limiting the efficiency of geothermal energy production, is poorly understood and no universally applicable mitigation strategy to prevent or reduce precipitation is available. This is primarily due to the lack of understanding of the precipitation mechanism of amorphous silica in geothermal systems.In the present study data are presented about microstructures and compositions of precipitates formed on scaling plates inserted at five different locations in the pipelines at the Hellisheiði power station (SW-Iceland). Precipitates on these plates formed over 6 to 8 weeks of immersion in hot (120 or 60ºC), fast-flowing and silica-supersaturated geothermal fluids (~800 ppm of SiO2). Although the composition of the precipitates is fairly homogeneous, with silica being the dominant component and Fe sulfides as a less common phase, the microstructures of the precipitates are highly variable and dependent on the location within the geothermal pipelines. The silica precipitates have grown through aggregation and precipitation of silica particles that precipitated homogeneously in the geothermal fluid. Five main factors were identified that may control the precipitation of silica: (1) temperature, (2) fluid composition, (3) fluid-flow regime, (4) distance along the flow path, and (5) immersion time.On all scaling plates, a corrosion layer was found underlying the silica precipitates indicating that, once formed, the presence of a silica layer probably protects the steel pipe surface against further corrosion. Yet silica precipitates influence the flow of the geothermal fluids and therefore can limit the efficiency of geothermal power stations.

Adaptive Signal Analysis and Interpretation for Real-time Intelligent Patient Monitoring

1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (01) ◽  
pp. 60-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Manders ◽  
D. P. Lindstrom ◽  
B. M. Dawant
Keyword(s):  
Computer Architecture ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Data Abstraction ◽  
Monitoring Strategy ◽  
Intelligent Monitoring ◽  
Patient Status ◽  
On Line ◽  
Main Components ◽  
And Control ◽  
Adaptive Signal

Abstract:On-line intelligent monitoring, diagnosis, and control of dynamic systems such as patients in intensive care units necessitates the context-dependent acquisition, processing, analysis, and interpretation of large amounts of possibly noisy and incomplete data. The dynamic nature of the process also requires a continuous evaluation and adaptation of the monitoring strategy to respond to changes both in the monitored patient and in the monitoring equipment. Moreover, real-time constraints may imply data losses, the importance of which has to be minimized. This paper presents a computer architecture designed to accomplish these tasks. Its main components are a model and a data abstraction module. The model provides the system with a monitoring context related to the patient status. The data abstraction module relies on that information to adapt the monitoring strategy and provide the model with the necessary information. This paper focuses on the data abstraction module and its interaction with the model.

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