The benthic foraminiferal response to the mid-Maastrichtian event in the Maastrichtian-type area

The mid-Maastrichtian event (MME), ~69 Ma, represents a global negative &#948;13C excursion which is linked to the extinction of inoceramid bivalves and latitudinal migration of planktonic foraminifera. While the actual extinction of inoceramids was diachronous across the globe, the decline of this important fossil group is generally linked to environmental changes across the mid-Maastrichtian interval. The MME is potentially related to changes in oceanic circulation. While the MME, and associated decline of inoceramids, has been recorded from a variety of deep-sea sites, little is known about the MME signature in shallow epicontinental environments.Recently, the MME has been recorded for the first time from the type-Maastrichtian, in the Maastricht-Li&#232;ge region (The Netherlands and Belgium), in newly generated bulk carbonate carbon isotope records from the Hallembaye quarry (NE Belgium) and former ENCI quarry (SE Netherlands). These quarries are approximately 8 km apart. The type-Maastrichtian succession was deposited in a shallow subtropical sea during the Late Cretaceous. As the stratigraphic position of the MME is now constrained in the type-Maastrichtian record, this succession presents an interesting opportunity for studying the signature of this event in a relatively shallow epicontinental basin. Therefore, we are generating high-resolution benthic foraminiferal assemblage data and species-specific carbon and oxygen stable isotope records across the MME interval at these two quarries, in order to unravel biotic and environmental expressions of the MME in the Maastrichtian type area. This is done using the high-resolution sample set acquired in the context of the Maastrichtian Geoheritage Project. Our preliminary data show a distinctive acme of the benthic foraminifer Cuneus trigona in the interval that roughly that corresponds to the MME, potentially caused by a change in quality of the organic matter that reached the sea bottom, highlighting local environmental and oceanographic perturbations across this event.

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PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERA AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES ACROSS THE BONARELLI EVENT (OAE2, LATEST CENOMANIAN) IN ITS TYPE AREA: A HIGH-RESOLUTION STUDY FROM THE TETHYAN REFERENCE BOTTACCIONE SECTION (GUBBIO, CENTRAL ITALY)

The Journal of Foraminiferal Research ◽

10.2113/0340109 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 109-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

R. Coccioni

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Planktonic Foraminifera ◽

Central Italy ◽

Type Area ◽

Resolution Study

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Environment, diversity, evolution and Cope's Rule: Drivers of size in planktonic foraminifera.

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-2977 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Heather Birch ◽

Daniela N. Schmidt ◽

Chloe Todd ◽

Marci M. Robinson ◽

Andy Fraass

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Species Composition ◽

Environmental Change ◽

Planktonic Foraminifera ◽

Maximum Diameter ◽

Individual Species ◽

Ecological Groups ◽

General Increase ◽

Foraminiferal Assemblage ◽

Extant Species

Within the marine fossil record, size is a fundamental trait providing information on both assemblages and individual species. Changes in size within an assemblage are largely driven by species composition typically related to environmental conditions. Changes in size of an individual species can be an indicator of health and whether optimal growth conditions (i.e. temperature, salinity and food availability) prevail. Over evolutionary timescales, individuals tend to increase in size (Cope&#8217;s rule) also altering the average size of the population.The Pliocene provides an excellent opportunity to look at environmental drivers and ecological responses to a warmer world, at high resolution and with extant species. A short glaciation phase, during marine isotope stage (MIS) M2, interrupted the Pliocene global warming between ~ 3.31 &#8211; 3.26 Ma. This event provides the ideal framework to quantify how biota, already adapted to warming conditions, respond to a short, but substantial cooling event.&#160;We analysed the size and species composition of samples collected as part of the Pliocene Research, Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping (PRISM) Project from a variety of locations around the globe. The samples cover the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans at a range of latitudes (e.g. DSDP Site 521, 586, 607 and ODP Site 716, 754, 887). We measured the maximum diameter of planktonic foraminifera tests with a fully automated light microscope, enabling high resolution sampling at a multitude of sites, before, during and after the MIS M2 glaciation event. On average 2000 specimens were measured per sample, resulting in over a million analyses in total. Changes in planktonic foraminiferal assemblage composition were characterised by quantifying relative species abundances and augmented by determining the largest species.Planktonic foraminiferal assemblage size shows a general increase during the Pliocene likely related to warming temperatures. What is unclear is if this change is driven by changes in diversity due to extinction and origination, responses to environmental change or a general increase in size of species found through the record. Here we discuss reactions of species and (or) ecological groups to environmental change and determine the individual drivers of size change across the world&#8217;s oceans.

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Response of shallow-sea benthic foraminifera to environmental changes off the coast of Goa, eastern Arabian Sea, during the last ∼6100 cal yr BP

Geological Magazine ◽

10.1017/s0016756819000979 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 157 (3) ◽

pp. 497-505 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ponnusamy Saravanan ◽

Anil K. Gupta ◽

Hongbo Zheng ◽

Mruganka K. Panigrahi ◽

Sameer K. Tiwari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Benthic Foraminifera ◽

Arabian Sea ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Indian Subcontinent ◽

Planktonic Foraminifera ◽

Ice Age ◽

Shallow Sea ◽

Foraminiferal Assemblage ◽

Eastern Arabian Sea ◽

Benthic Foraminiferal Assemblage

AbstractWe have analysed a 6100-year record of benthic and planktonic foraminifera from inner neritic sediments from Core SK291/GC13, off the Goa coast, eastern Arabian Sea, to understand the response of benthic foraminifera to shallow-marine processes. The benthic foraminiferal assemblage is dominated by Nonion cf. asterizans, Ammonia beccarii, A. gaimardii and Virgulinella fragilis, which have been selected on the basis of a population of 10% or more in any three samples analysed. The planktonic foraminiferal population is sporadic and rare, with Globigerinoides ruber as the predominant species showing a variable trend. The foraminiferal proxies combined with total organic carbon (wt%) and δ13C and δ18O values of Ammonia gaimardii suggest distinct variations, indicating changes in productivity and salinity in the shallow eastern Arabian Sea. The coastal waters off Goa were relatively warmer and less saline between 6100 and 4600, or perhaps to 4200, calibrated years before the present (cal yr BP), corresponding to a stronger monsoon in South and East Asia. The shallow sea was cooler from ~4200 to 2600 cal yr BP in the study area, coinciding with a lower sea surface temperature in the northeastern Arabian Sea and an arid phase in the Indian subcontinent. From 2900 to 2600 cal yr BP the study core exhibits the impacts of short-term cold events, which have earlier been observed in the northeastern Arabian Sea, off Pakistan. During the Little Ice Age, the shallow sea off Goa was less productive.

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High resolution record of environmental changes constrained by volcanic ashes : Western Interior Basin, Cenomanian-Turonian stage boundary (USA)

BSGF - Earth Sciences Bulletin ◽

10.2113/175.6.561 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 175 (6) ◽

pp. 561-572 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Delphine Desmares ◽

Danièle Grosheny ◽

Bernard Beaudoin ◽

Silvia Gardin ◽

François Gauthier-Lafaye

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Planktonic Foraminifera ◽

Regional Scale ◽

Temporal Distribution ◽

Oxygen Minimum Zone ◽

Western Interior Basin ◽

Minimum Zone ◽

Marker Beds ◽

Oxygen Minimum

Abstract Five altered volcanic-ash beds have been correlated near the Cenomanian-Turonian stage boundary through much of the Western Interior Basin. These instantaneous events constitute independent chronostratigraphic marker-beds enabling the synchroneity of lithological, biological or geochemical records to be tested. In this way, the Greenhorn Sea is a unique place where the potentiality of this high-resolution stratigraphic tool is illustrated. The Cenomanian-Turonian interval is the ideal period for this sort of study because major oceanic changes, including the global expansion of the oxygen minimum zone, are recognised across OAE2 event, involving the disappearance of Rotalipora, complex keeled foraminifera which previously occupied deep oceanic waters. Biostratigraphic data coupled with bentonite correlation, in several sections of Colorado, show the diachronism of the occurrences of R. cushmani and H. helvetica. Consequently, the extension of the W. archaeocretacea partial range zone is extremely variable at the regional scale. Thus, this association has a low temporal value. Planktonic foraminiferal analyses also reveal an A. multiloculata event in the M. mosbyense zone. During tens of thousands of years, this species, plentiful in the Western Interior Basin, multiplies and prevails on Rotalipora before a gradual decline. Rotalipora gave rise to Anaticinella by the atrophy of its keel. Thus, Anaticinella may stay in shallower habitats and avoid the expansion of the oxygen minimum zone. However, even if this adaptation allowed a return to the surface water, this selective advantage would not be enough for Anaticinella to survive the ecologically drastic modifications. Extinction of Anaticinella and its ancestor Rotalipora occurred contemporaneously. Carbon stable isotope analyses show that main paleoceanographic events have occurred at Pueblo during the Cenomanian-Turonian stage boundary. The initial rapid increase and first peak of δ13C indicate the first anoxic event (event 1) before a decrease in values and a main manganese enrichment which are the evidence for a well-oxygenated environment (event 2). This assumption is supported by the occurrence of an abundant and diversified benthic community at the same interval. The second increase in δ13C proxies signs the rise of anoxia (event 3). The temporal distribution of these events with the bentonite marker beds and the ammonite biostratigraphy attest to the synchroneity of events 2 and 3 over 600 km between the Pueblo and Lohali Point sections. The absence of event 1 at Lohali Point in the S. gracile zone implies the existence of a hiatus. Thus, thanks to the five bentonite marker beds, extending from the S. gracile to the M. nodosoides ammonite zone over 2 Ma, we have not only achieved precise regional correlation but, dealing with facies variations, our observations also indicate gaps in the sedimentary record. Thus, in detail, some thin levels expressed in Pueblo (reference section) cannot be correlated in any other eastern sections. Furthermore, supposed continuous sections may contain important hiatuses. An example is given at El Vado (New Mexico) where two bentonite marker beds are missing. In spite of the lack of significant planktonic foraminifera, the indications provided by bentonite geometries and by nannofossils reveal the existence of a hiatus of at least 850 kyr. It could be explained by the location of the area along the trend of a tectonic forebulge linked to the Sevier orogeny. This bathymetric high had great consequences on the currents flows in this large interior sea where tethysian and boreal water masses competed.

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KARAKTER MASA AIR DI LAUT SULAWESI BERDASARKAN ANALISIS FORAMINIFERA KUANTITATIF

JURNAL GEOLOGI KELAUTAN ◽

10.32693/jgk.17.1.2019.562 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Marfasran Hendrizan ◽

Widiyanti C. A. ◽

R. E. Prabowo ◽

Munasri Munasri ◽

Nazar Nurdin

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Community Structure ◽

Data Analysis ◽

Species Diversity ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Planktonic Foraminifera ◽

Analysis Data ◽

Ecological Indices ◽

Foraminiferal Assemblage ◽

Community Dynamic

Kumpulan foraminifera dari sedimen Sumur STA 3 (0.8897°N, 119.0865°E, kedalaman laut 1294 m) di Laut Sulawesi diteliti untuk memahami ciri lingkungan purba pada lokasi sumur. Situasi modern menunjukkan Laut Sulawesi menjadi jalur Arus Lintas Indonesia (Arlindo) yang mentransport masa air dari Samudra Pasifik hingga Samudra Hindia. Studi ini difokuskan pada indeks ekologi untuk membuat struktur komunitas foraminifera dan mengeavaluasi dinamika komunitas foraminifera yang terekam di inti Sumur STA 3. Metode yang digunakan dalam studi ini adalah observasi naturalistik meliputi preparasi sampel, kumpulan foraminifera (penjentikan dan identifikasi), dan analisis data. Analisis data kumpulan foraminifera menggunakan Paleontological Statistics (PAST) dari kelimpahan, keanekaragaman spesies Shannon-Winner (H’), indeks dominan (D), dan indeks kemerataan Pileou (J’). Analisis kluster dilakukan untuk menentukan kelompok sampel dikelompokkan berdasarkan kesamaan kumpulan foraminifera. Identifikasi foraminifera pada inti sedimen STA 3 terdiri dari 44 spesies foraminifera plankton dan 100 spesies foraminifera bentik. Indeks ekologi dari kumpulan foraminifera memperlihatkan keanekaragaman spesies berkisar antara 2.57 hingga 3.07, kisaran nilai dominan antara 0.07 hingga 0.13, dan indeks kemerataan berkisar antara 0.72 hingga 0.8. Analisis kluster memperoleh 3 kelompok lingkungan berdasarkan komposisi spesies mengindikasikan perubahan lingkungan yang tidak signifikan di sepanjang inti sedimen. Kumpulan foraminifera pada inti sedimen STA 3 mencerminkan karakteristik masa air hangat, kondisi oksigen rendah, dan asupan organik tinggi.Kata Kunci: Foraminifera, Struktur komunitas, analisis statistik, massa air, Laut Sulawesi. Foraminifera assemblages of marine sediment core STA 3 (0.8897°N, 119.0865°E, depth of 294 m) in Sulawesi Sea was investigated to understand paleoenvironment feature in this core site. Modern situation shows that Sulawesi Sea provides a pathway for Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) which transports watermasses from Pacific to Indian Ocean. This study focused on the ecological indices to establish community structure of foraminifera and to evaluate community dynamic as recorded in core STA 3. Method used in this study was naturalistic observation consisting of sample preparation, foraminiferal assemblage (picking and identification), and data analysis. Data analysis of foraminifera assemblages was applied using Paleontological Statistics (PAST) of relative abundance, species diversity of Shannon-Wiener (H’), dominance indices (D), and Pileou evennes indices (J’). Cluster analysis was performed to determine how samples group based on the similarity of foraminiferal assemblages. Foraminifera identification in core STA 3 contains 44 species of planktonic foraminifera and 100 species of benthic foraminifera. Ecological indices of foraminiferal assemblages show species diversity of foraminiferal assemblages with a range value between 2.57 and 3.07, range of dominance values from 0.07 to 0.13, and evennes values fluctuate from 0.72 to 0.8. Cluster analysis reveals 3 clusters environment based on species composition which indicate no significant environmental changes in the entire core record. Foraminiferal asemblages in core STA 3 reflect watermass characteristics with warm water column, low bottom-water oxygenation, and high organic influx conditions. Keywords: Foraminifera, community structure, statistical analysis, watermass, Sulawesi Sea.

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DOES DEVELOPMENTAL PLASTICITY INFLUENCE SPECIATION? USING HIGH-RESOLUTION CT SCANNING TO QUANTIFY ONTOGENETIC TRAJECTORIES IN PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERA BEFORE, DURING AND AFTER SPECIATION

10.1130/abs/2018am-322588 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Anieke Brombacher ◽

◽

Alex Searle-Barnes ◽

Wenshu Zhang ◽

Paul A. Wilson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Developmental Plasticity ◽

Planktonic Foraminifera ◽

Ct Scanning ◽

High Resolution Ct ◽

Ontogenetic Trajectories

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A Forensic Detection Method for Hallucinogenic Mushrooms via High-Resolution Melting (HRM) Analysis

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes12020199 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 199

Author(s):

Xiaochun Zhang ◽

Huan Yu ◽

Qi Yang ◽

Ziwei Wang ◽

Ruocheng Xia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Dna Barcoding ◽

High Resolution Melting ◽

Its Region ◽

Its Sequencing ◽

Melting Temperatures ◽

Hrm Analysis ◽

National Drug ◽

Species Specific ◽

Its1 And Its2

In recent years, trafficking and abuse of hallucinogenic mushrooms have become a serious social problem. It is therefore imperative to identify hallucinogenic mushrooms of the genus Psilocybe for national drug control legislation. An internal transcribed spacer (ITS) is a DNA barcoding tool utilized for species identification. Many methods have been used to discriminate the ITS region, but they are often limited by having a low resolution. In this study, we sought to analyze the ITS and its fragments, ITS1 and ITS2, by using high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis, which is a rapid and sensitive method for evaluating sequence variation within PCR amplicons. The ITS HRM assay was tested for specificity, reproducibility, sensitivity, and the capacity to analyze mixture samples. It was shown that the melting temperatures of the ITS, ITS1, and ITS2 of Psilocybe cubensis were 83.72 ± 0.01, 80.98 ± 0.06, and 83.46 ± 0.08 °C, and for other species, we also obtained species-specific results. Finally, we performed ITS sequencing to validate the presumptive taxonomic identity of our samples, and the sequencing output significantly supported our HRM data. Taken together, these results indicate that the HRM method can quickly distinguish the DNA barcoding of Psilocybe cubensis and other fungi, which can be utilized for drug trafficking cases and forensic science.

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