Model of Daytime Oxygen Emissions in the Mesopause Region and Above: New Results

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentine Yankovsky ◽  
Ekaterina Vorobeva ◽  
Rada Manuilova ◽  
Irina Mironova
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Oxygen ◽  
Excited States ◽  
Lower Thermosphere ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Vibrationally Excited ◽  
Mesopause Region ◽  
Mesosphere And Lower Thermosphere ◽  
Basic Research Grant ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Excited Oxygen

<p>Atmospheric emissions of atomic and molecular oxygen have been observed since the middle of the 19th century. In the last decades, it has been shown that emissions of excited oxygen atom O(<sup>1</sup>D) and molecular oxygen in electronically-vibrationally excited states O<sub>2</sub>(b<sup>1</sup>Σ<sup>+</sup><sub>g</sub>, v) and O<sub>2</sub>(a<sup>1</sup>Δ<sub>g</sub>, v) are related by a unified photochemical mechanism in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT). The current study is performed in the framework of the state-of-the-art model of ozone and molecular oxygen photodissociation in the daytime MLT. In particular, the study includes a detailed description of the formation mechanism for excited oxygen components in the daytime MLT and presents the comparison of widely used photochemical models. The study also demonstrates new results such as i) new suggestions about possible products of collisional reactions of electronically-vibrationally excited oxygen molecules with atomic oxygen and ii) new estimates of O<sub>2</sub>(b<sup>1</sup>Σ<sup>+</sup><sub>g</sub>, v = 0 – 10) radiative lifetimes which are necessary for solving inverse problems in the lower thermosphere. Moreover, special attention is given to the Barth’s mechanism in order to demonstrate that its contribution to O<sub>2</sub>(b<sup>1</sup>Σ<sup>+</sup><sub>g</sub>, v) and O<sub>2</sub>(a<sup>1</sup>Δ<sub>g</sub>, v) populations is neglectable in daytime conditions regardless of fitting coefficients. In addition, possible applications of the daytime oxygen emissions are presented, e.g., the altitude profiles O(<sup>3</sup>P), O<sub>3</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> can be retrieved by solving inverse photochemical problems where emissions from electronically vibrationally excited states of O<sub>2</sub> are used as proxies. The funding of V.Y., R.M. and I.M. was partly provided by the Russian Fund for Basic Research (grant RFBR No. 20-05-00450).</p>

scholarly journals Model of Daytime Oxygen Emissions in the Mesopause Region and Above: A Review and New Results

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentine Yankovsky ◽  
Ekaterina Vorobeva
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Atom ◽  
Molecular Oxygen ◽  
Excited States ◽  
Atomic Oxygen ◽  
Lower Thermosphere ◽  
Atmospheric Emissions ◽  
Vibrationally Excited ◽  
Mesopause Region ◽  
Mesosphere And Lower Thermosphere ◽  
Excited Oxygen

Atmospheric emissions of atomic and molecular oxygen have been observed since the middle of 19th century. In the last decades, it has been shown that emissions of excited oxygen atom O(1D) and molecular oxygen in electronically–vibrationally excited states O2(b1Σ+g, v) and O2(a1Δg, v) are related by a unified photochemical mechanism in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT). The current paper consists of two parts: a review of studies related to the development of the model of ozone and molecular oxygen photodissociation in the daytime MLT and new results. In particular, the paper includes a detailed description of formation mechanism for excited oxygen components in the daytime MLT and presents comparison of widely used photochemical models. The paper also demonstrates new results such as new suggestions about possible products for collisional reactions of electronically–vibrationally excited oxygen molecules with atomic oxygen and new estimations of O2(b1Σ+g, v = 0–10) radiative lifetimes which are necessary for solving inverse problems in the lower thermosphere. Moreover, special attention is given to the “Barth’s mechanism” in order to demonstrate that for different sets of fitting coefficients its contribution to O2(b1Σ+g, v) and O2(a1Δg, v) population is neglectable in daytime conditions. In addition to the review and new results, possible applications of the daytime oxygen emissions are presented, e.g., the altitude profiles O(3P), O3 and CO2 can be retrieved by solving inverse photochemical problems when emissions from electronically vibrationally excited states of O2 molecule are used as proxies.

Study of temperature, wind speed and tides in the upper atmosphere from optical measurements during the 2017-2019 winter's

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasilyev Roman ◽  
Zorkaltseva Olga
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Lower Thermosphere ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Upper Atmosphere ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Stratospheric Warming ◽  
East Siberia ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Stratospheric Polar Vortex ◽  
Mesosphere And Lower Thermosphere

<p><strong>Abstract</strong>.The mesosphere and lower thermosphere are the least studied areas of the earth atmosphere. The reason for this is the lack of monitoring. We have the Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) installed in middle latitudes of East Siberia in the geophysical observatory of Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS (51.8N, 103.1E).  The FPI is a unique instrument and has no analogues in Russia.The FPI with a temporal resolution of about 10–15 minutes observes the natural glow of the night atmosphere of 630.0, 557.7 nm and 843 nm, the characteristic heights of these lines are about 250, 100 and 90 km, respectively. In this study, we use data on the behavior of the zonal, meridional component of wind speed and temperature obtained with 557.7 nm line. We analyze the temperature regime and dynamics of the stratospheric polar vortex according to the data of climatic archive - ERA-interim to get the relationship of SSW and wind regime in MLT.  In this study, we consider winter atmosphere in 2017-2019 over East Siberia, namely the period of sudden stratospheric warming. We compared the evolution of stratospheric warming’s with temporary variations in background wind and temperature and tides in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. It turned out that the sudden stratospheric warming's made a strong effect in upper layers of the atmosphere. During major stratospheric warming's, the zonal and meridional winds reversed and increase in the semidiurnal and thirdrdiurnal tides. Temperature in MLT dramatic drop followed by an increase during sudden stratospheric warming's. Minor sudden stratospheric warming's had a similar (but much lower in intensity) response in the upper atmosphere.</p><p>Acknowledgements. Analysis of stratosphere condition in this work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project No. 19-77-00009. Analysis of methosphere condition in ths work was supported by Rusian Foundation for Basic Research project No. 18-05-00594. The measurements were carried out on the instrument of Center for Common Use «Angara» [http://ckp-rf.ru/ckp/ 3056]. The authors gratefully acknowledge the access to the ECMWF ERA-Interim.</p>

Coherent and Non-Coherent Components of Mesoscale Variations of Hydroxyl Rotational Temperature near the Mesopause.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey A. Popov ◽  
Nikolai M. Gavrilov ◽  
Vladimir I. Perminov ◽  
Nikolai N. Pertsev ◽  
Irina V. Medvedeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rotational Temperature ◽  
Lower Thermosphere ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Internal Gravity Waves ◽  
State University ◽  
Spectral Measurements ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Coherent Component ◽  
Resource Center ◽  
Mesosphere And Lower Thermosphere

<p>Mesoscale variations of the rotational temperature of excited hydroxyl (OH*) are studied at altitudes 85 – 90  km using the data of spectral measurements of nightglow emission at Russian observatories Zvenigorod (56 ° N, 37°E.) in years 2004  –  2016, Tory (52 ° N, 103°E) in  2012  –  2017 and Maimaga (63° N,  130° E) in  2014 - 2019. The filtering of mesoscale variations was made by calculations of the differences between the measured values of OH* rotational temperature separated with time intervals of <em>dt</em> ~ 0.5 - 2 hr. Comparisons of monthly variances of the temperature differences for various <em>dt</em> allow us to estimate coherent and non-coherent in time components of the mesoscale temperature perturbations. The first component can be associated with mesoscale waves near the mesopause. The non-coherent component may be produced by instrument errors and atmospheric turbulence. The results allow us correcting the observed mesoscale temperature variances at all listed sites for contributions of instrumental and turbulent errors. Seasonal and interannual changes in the coherent component of mesoscale variances of the temperature at the observational sites are studied, which may reflect respective changes in the intensity of mesoscale internal gravity waves in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere region.</p><p>     The analysis of nightglows data was supported by the grant #19-35-90130 of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research. Hydroxyl nightglow data at the Tory site were obtained with the equipment of the Center for Common Use «Angara» http://ckp-rf.ru/ckp/3056/ at the ISTP SB RAS within budgetary funding from the Basic Research Program (Project 0278-2021-0003). Data of the “Geomodel” Resource Center of Saint-Petersburg State University were used.</p>

scholarly journals The 16-day planetary wave in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere

1999 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 1447-1456 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Mitchell ◽  
H. R. Middleton ◽  
A. G. Beard ◽  
P. J. S. Williams ◽  
H. G. Muller
Keyword(s):  
Middle Atmosphere ◽  
Lower Thermosphere ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Wave Activity ◽  
Motion Field ◽  
Mesopause Region ◽  
Waves And Tides ◽  
Mesosphere And Lower Thermosphere ◽  
Thermospheric Dynamics ◽  
The Uk

Abstract. A meteor radar located at Sheffield in the UK has been used to measure wind oscillations with periods in the range 10–28 days in the mesosphere/lower-thermosphere region at 53.5°N, 3.9°W from January 1990 to August 1994. The data reveal a motion field in which wave activity occurs over a range of frequencies and in episodes generally lasting for less than two months. A seasonal cycle is apparent in which the largest observed amplitudes are as high as 14 ms–1 and are observed from January to mid-April. A minimum in activity occurs in late June to early July. A second, smaller, maximum follows in late summer/autumn where amplitudes reach up to 7–10 ms–1. Considerable interannual variability is apparent but wave activity is observed in the summers of all the years examined, albeit at very small amplitudes near mid summer. This behaviour suggests that the equatorial winds in the mesopause region do not completely prevent inter-hemispheric ducting of the wave from the winter hemisphere, or that it is generated in situ.Key words. Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (middle atmosphere dynamics; thermospheric dynamics; waves and tides)

scholarly journals Daytime SABER/TIMED observations of water vapor in the mesosphere: retrieval approach and first results

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 13943-13997 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Feofilov ◽  
A. A. Kutepov ◽  
W. D. Pesnell ◽  
R. A. Goldberg ◽  
B. T. Marshall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Lower Thermosphere ◽  
Rate Coefficients ◽  
Vibrationally Excited ◽  
Climatological Data ◽  
Exchange Processes ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
First Results ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Mesosphere And Lower Thermosphere

Abstract. This paper describes a methodology for water vapor retrieval using 6.6 μm daytime broadband emissions measured by SABER, the limb scanning infrared radiometer on board the TIMED satellite. Particular attention is given to accounting for the non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) nature of the H2O 6.6 μm emission in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT). The non-LTE H2O (ν2) vibrational level populations responsible for this emission depend on energy exchange processes within the H2O vibrational system as well as on interactions with vibrationally excited states of the O2, N2, and CO2 molecules. The paper analyzes current H2O non-LTE models and, based on comparisons with the ACE-FTS satellite solar occultation measurements, suggests an update to the rate coefficients of the three most important processes that affect the H2O(ν2) populations in the MLT: a) the vibrational-vibrational (V–V) exchange between the H2O and O2 molecules; b) the vibrational-translational (V–T) process of the O2(1) level quenching by collisions with atomic oxygen, and c) the V–T process of the H2O(010) level quenching by collisions with N2, O2, and O. We demonstrate that applying the updated H2O non-LTE model to the SABER radiances makes the retrieved H2O vertical profiles in 50–85 km region consistent with climatological data and model predictions.

Seasonal-latitudinal distributions of the populations of the states O2(b1, v = 0 - 2) in the daytime mesosphere and lower thermosphere

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rada Manuilova ◽  
Valentine Yankovsky
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Spectroscopy ◽  
Lower Thermosphere ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Resonant Absorption ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
The Monte Carlo Method ◽  
Volume Emission ◽  
Vibrational Kinetics ◽  
Mesosphere And Lower Thermosphere ◽  
Kinetics Of

<p>In the last decade, it was shown that volume emission rates (VMR) for transitions from the levels O<sub>2</sub>(b<sup>1</sup>Σ<sup>+</sup><sub>g</sub>, v’ = 0 – 2) to the levels O<sub>2</sub>(X<sup>3</sup>Σ<sup>-</sup><sub>g</sub>, v’’) can be used as proxies for retrieving the altitude profiles of [O(<sup>3</sup>P )], [O<sub>3</sub>] and [CO<sub>2</sub>] in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) [1, 2]. Despite the fact that, in single experiments, radiation in the bands 762, 688, and 628 nm corresponding to the abovementioned transitions were observed (e. g., [3]), no systematic measurements of the intensities of these emissions have yet been performed. The main source of excitation of the levels O<sub>2</sub>(b<sup>1</sup>Σ<sup>+</sup><sub>g</sub>, v’ = 0 – 2) is the energy transfer from the excited O(<sup>1</sup>D) atom, along with the resonant absorption of solar radiation in these bands in the mesosphere.</p><p>In the framework of the YM2011 model of electronical-vibrational kinetics of the excited products of O<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>3</sub> photolysis, using systematic SABER satellite experimental data on the [O (<sup>1</sup>D)] altitude profiles we calculated the altitudinal-latitudinal distributions of the O<sub>2</sub>(b<sup>1</sup>Σ<sup>+</sup><sub>g</sub>, v’ = 0 – 2) concentrations  and VMR in the corresponding bands, using the 2010 data as an example. It was shown that there is a seasonal dependence of the altitude profiles of the concentrations of excited states O<sub>2</sub>(b<sup>1</sup>Σ<sup>+</sup><sub>g</sub>, v’ = 0 – 2) obviously related to the seasonal changes of [O(<sup>3</sup>P)] and [O<sub>3</sub>] profiles.</p><p>This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research  (grant RFBR No. 20-05-00450 A).</p><p>1. Yankovsky V. A., Martyshenko K. V., Manuilova R. O., Feofilov A. G. (2016), Oxygen dayglow emissions as proxies for atomic oxygen and ozone in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere, Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy, 327, 209-231, doi:10.1016/j.jms.2016.</p><p>2. Yankovsky V. A., Vorobeva E. V., Manuilova R. O. (2019), New techniques for retrieving the [O(3P)], [O3] and [CO2] altitude profiles from dayglow oxygen emissions: Uncertainty analysis by the Monte Carlo method, Advances in Space Research, 64, 1948–1967, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2019.07.020</p><p>3. Torr M. T., Torr D. G. (1985), A Preliminary Spectroscopic Assessment of the Spacelab 1/Shuttle Optical Environment, J. Geophys. Res. A 90, 1683–1690, https://doi.org/10.1029/JA090iA02p01683.</p>

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