Geophysical characterization of an engineering infrastructure: laboratory tests.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Fornasari ◽  
Luigi Capozzoli ◽  
Gregory De Martino ◽  
Valeria Giampaolo ◽  
Enzo Rizzo
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Frame ◽  
The Public ◽  
Civil Infrastructures ◽  
Concrete Frame ◽  
Geophysical Application ◽  
Ground Penetrating

<p>The increase of the metropolises stresses the urban areas and intensive planning works is necessary. Therefore, the development of new technologies and methodologies able to explore the subsoil and manage its resources in urban areas becomes an important source in terms of saving time and money. In the last decade, a new subdiscipline in the Applied Geophysics started: Urban Geophysics (Lapenna, 2017). Urban Geophysics analyzes the contribute, in terms of limits and potentialities, that geophysical methodologies can give for providing useful information about the subsoil, environment, buildings and civil infrastructures and supporting the public administrations in planning interventions in urban scenarios.</p><p>This work introduces a laboratory test, that was performed at the Hydrogeosite CNR-IMAA laboratory of Marsico Nuovo (Basilicata region, Italy). The test consisted in a multisensor geophysical application on an analogue engineering model. Thanks to the possibility to work in laboratory conditions, a detailed knowledge of the structure was available, providing great advantages for assess the capability of the geophysical methodologies for analyze engineering issues, regarding the characterization of the infrastructural critical zone placed at the interface soil-structure. For this purpose, geoelectrical and electromagnetic methodologies, including Cross hole Electrical Resistivity Tomography and Ground Penetrating Radar, were used to characterize the geometry of the foundation structures and the disposition of the rebar for the reinforced concrete frame. Finally, new geophysical approaches were applied in order to define the corrosion rate of reinforcement.</p>

scholarly journals Multi-Sensors Geophysical Monitoring for Reinforced Concrete Engineering Structures: A Laboratory Test

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5565
Author(s):  
Luigi Capozzoli ◽  
Giacomo Fornasari ◽  
Valeria Giampaolo ◽  
Gregory De Martino ◽  
Enzo Rizzo
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Frame ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Rc Structures ◽  
Concrete Frame ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Non-destructive tests are strongly required in engineering applications for monitoring civil structures. The use of compared and integrated innovative approaches based on geophysical methodologies represents an effective tool for the characterization and monitoring of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. Therefore, the main aim of the work was to improve the knowledge on the potentiality and limitations of the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and the Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) with electrodes disposed both on the surface and in the boreholes. The work approach was adopted on an analog model of a reinforced concrete frame built ad hoc at the Hydrogeosite Laboratory (CNR-IMAA), where simulated experiments on full-size physical models are defined. Results show the ability of an accurate use of GPR to reconstruct the rebar dispositions and detect in detail possible constructive defects, both highlighting the lack of reinforcements into the nodes and providing useful information about the safety assessment of the realized structure. The results of the ERT method defined the necessity to develop ad-hoc electrical resistivity methods to support the characterization and monitoring of buried foundation structures for civil engineering applications. Finally, the paper introduces a new approach based on the use of cross-hole ERTs (CHERTs) for the engineering structure monitoring, able to reduce the uncertainties usually affecting the indirect results.

scholarly journals LA APLICACIÓN DE NUEVAS TECNOLOGÍAS EN LA DOCUMENTACIÓN ARQUEOLÓGICA DE LA VILLA ROMANA DE NOHEDA Y SU PROYECCIÓN TURÍSTICA DIGITAL

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Valero Tévar ◽  
Nuria Huete Alcocer
Keyword(s):  
Late Antiquity ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Stratigraphic Sequence ◽  
The Public ◽  
Roman Villa ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Nuevas Tecnologías ◽  
Ground Penetrating

The Roman villa of Noheda has become one of the crucial site to understand the messages that the high Roman aristocracy intended to convey by the building infrastructure in these large rural complex of Late Antiquity. Therefore, for the application of a correct archaeological methodology we should add the use of the most modern techniques of research and analysis that were within our grasp, in order to document in the best possible detail, the archaeological remains. Understanding that only through a close reading we can get to properly decrypt the data housed in the cluster of structures and artifacts hosted in the stratigraphic sequence. Therefore, the aim of this article is to present concisely, how technological advances have been used such as ground penetrating radar, 3D scanning, laser scanner, photogrammetry, etc. and the best results which have been obtained. In the same way, we will explain that these results are just a first step, because today the project of musealisation of the site has begun in order to be ready for its opening to the public and, within the innovations that bring the new technologies will be taken into account and they will be used in situ with mobile telephony, such as 3D modeling of parts and its Georeferencing, the increased virtual reality, etc. Nonetheless we must not forget other advances which help understand, spread and bring archeology closer to society.

scholarly journals GPR and ERT Investigations in Urban Areas: the Case-Study of Matera (Southern Italy)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Bellanova ◽  
Giuseppe Calamita ◽  
Ilaria Catapano ◽  
Alessandro Ciucci ◽  
Carmela Cornacchia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Buried Objects ◽  
Surface Survey ◽  
Critical Zones ◽  
Ground Penetrating

This paper deals with a geophysical survey carried out in some critical urban areas of the historical city of Matera (Southern Italy). Matera has a very complex shallower stratigraphy characterized by both anthropic and natural “targets” and is affected by geological instability. Therefore, Matera represents an ideal and very challenging outdoor laboratory for testing novel approaches for near-surface explorations in urban areas. Here, we present the results of a near-surface survey carried out by jointly applying Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) methods. The survey was implemented in three different critical zones within the urban area of Matera (Piazza Duomo, Piazza San Giovanni, Villa dell’Unità d’Italia). These test sites are of great interest for archaeological and architectonical studies and are affected by ground instability phenomena due to the presence of voids, cavities and other anthropic structures. The effectiveness of the survey was enhanced by the exploitation of advanced 3D tomographic approaches, which allowed to achieve 3D representation of the investigated underground and obtain information in terms of both the location and the geometry of buried objects and structures and the characterization of shallow geological layers. The results of the surveys are now under study (or have attracted the interest) of the Municipality in order to support smart cities programs and activities for a better management of the underground space.

Sound, noise, annoyance? Information as a means to strengthen the public acceptance of civil drones

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (4) ◽  
pp. 2076-2086
Author(s):  
Hinnerk Eissfeldt ◽  
Albert End
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Public Acceptance ◽  
National Study ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Information Campaigns ◽  
The Public

Civil drones are becoming ever more present in public perception. Ranging from parcel delivery to wildlife protection and from precision farming to law enforcement, many applications are said to have market-changing potential. Against this background, nations and institutions around the world are trying to keep up with the dynamic technological developments by means of rules and regulations. Since all parties involved expect a strong increase in both the number of drones and the range of their uses, there is a rising interest in the public acceptance of these vehicles. Widespread acceptance can promote the dissemination of new technologies. Conversely, citizens' concerns about the use of drones in their daily environment may pose barriers to the further proliferation of civil drones, especially in urban areas. The psychoacoustic properties of the vehicles have repeatedly been discussed as being one such limiting factor. This paper discusses results of a representative national study on the social acceptance of civil drones, taking a closer look at effects of information about drones as potential means to foster public acceptance. The findings underline the role of well planned information campaigns as well as community engagement in managing the contribution of drones in future urban soundscapes.

Facing the Challenge of Democracy

2011 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Political Knowledge ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Thinking ◽  
Democratic Representation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Party Polarization

Citizens are political simpletons—that is only a modest exaggeration of a common characterization of voters. Certainly, there is no shortage of evidence of citizens' limited political knowledge, even about matters of the highest importance, along with inconsistencies in their thinking, some glaring by any standard. But this picture of citizens all too often approaches caricature. This book brings together leading political scientists who offer new insights into the political thinking of the public, the causes of party polarization, the motivations for political participation, and the paradoxical relationship between turnout and democratic representation. These studies propel a foundational argument about democracy. Voters can only do as well as the alternatives on offer. These alternatives are constrained by third players, in particular activists, interest groups, and financial contributors. The result: voters often appear to be shortsighted, extreme, and inconsistent because the alternatives they must choose between are shortsighted, extreme, and inconsistent.

PERAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PEMBAYARAN RETRIBUSI SAMPAH DI KOTA SAMARINDA

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Abd Rachim AF,
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
The Public ◽  
And Behavior

One of the environmental problems in urban areas is the pollution caused by garbage. The waste problem is caused by various factors such as population growth, living standards changes, lifestyles and behavior, as well as how the waste management system. This study aims to determine how the role of society to levy payments garbage in Samarinda. This research was descriptive; where the data is collected then compiled, described and analyzed used relative frequency analysis. The participation of the public to pay a "levy junk", which stated to pay 96.67%, for each month and the rates stated society cheap, moderate and fairly, respectively 46.08%, 21.21%, 21.04%. Base on the data , the role of the community to pay "levy junk" quite high.

Flood alleviation in a heavily urbanized area – Kai Tak Nullah, Hong Kong

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan K. L. Chan ◽  
Colin K. C. Wong ◽  
Robin H. N. Lee ◽  
Mike W. H. Cho
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Public Engagement ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hydraulic Modelling ◽  
The Public ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Urbanized Area ◽  
Development Area ◽  
The Government ◽  
Exercise Design

The existing Kai Tak Nullah flows from Po Kong Village Road along Choi Hung Road and Tung Tau Estate into Kai Tak Development Area before discharging into the Victoria Harbour. Historically its upstream has been subject to flooding under storm conditions and this has had serious repercussions for the adjacent urban areas. A study has been commissioned by the Drainage Services Department of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), China to investigate the flood mechanisms and to provide flood alleviation measures by improving the capacity of the Kai Tak Nullah. In addition to flood alleviation, there is a strong public aspiration to rehabilitate the Kai Tak Nullah by a comparatively natural river design. Since the Kai Tak Nullah is located within a heavily urbanized area, traffic and environmental impacts are also highly concerned. The final flood alleviation scheme has thus had to strike a balance among the aforesaid factors with assistance from the hydraulic modelling utilizing InfoWorks Collection Systems (CS) software. This paper presents the public engagement exercise, design considerations, methodologies, and recommendations regarding the reconstruction and rehabilitation of the Kai Tak Nullah.

Diversity of organisms

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip James
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Native Species ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
The Common ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Diversity Of Life

The focus of this chapter is an examination of the diversity of living organisms found within urban environments, both inside and outside buildings. The discussion commences with prions and viruses before moving on to consider micro-organisms, plants, and animals. Prions and viruses cause disease in plants and animals, including humans. Micro-organisms are ubiquitous and are found in great numbers throughout urban environments. New technologies are providing new insights into their diversity. Plants may be found inside buildings as well as in gardens and other green spaces. The final sections of the chapter offer a discussion of the diversity of animals that live in urban areas for part or all of their life cycle. Examples of the diversity of life in urban environments are presented throughout, including native and non-native species, those that are benign and deadly, and the common and the rare.

Smart Cities and Smart Regulation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Rønne
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
Smart Regulation

Increasing focus on sustainable societies and ‘smart cities’ due to emphasis on mitigation of climate change is simultaneous with ‘smart regulation’ reaching the forefront of the political agenda. Consequently, the energy sector and its regulation are undergoing significant innovation and change. Energy innovations include transition from fossil fuels to more renewable energy sources and application of new computer technology, interactively matching production with consumer demand. Smart cities are growing and projects are being initiated for development of urban areas and energy systems. Analysis from ‘Smart Cities Accelerator’, developed under the EU Interreg funding programme that includes Climate-KIC,——provides background for the focus on a smart energy system. Analysis ensures the energy supply systems support the integration of renewables with the need for new technologies and investments. ‘Smart’ is trendy, but when becoming ‘smart’ leads to motivation that is an important step towards mitigating climate change.

Perspectives

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Szollosy
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
Cultural Imagination ◽  
Personal Lives ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Organizations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Human Augmentation ◽  
Public Imagination

This chapter introduces the “Perspectives” section of the Handbook of Living Machines offering an overview of the different contributions gathered here that consider how biomimetic and biohybrid systems will transform our personal lives and social organizations, and how we might respond to the challenges that these transformations will inevitably pose to our ‘posthuman’ worlds. The authors in this section see it as essential that those who aspire to create living machines engage with the public to confront misconceptions, deep anxieties, and unrealistic aspirations that presently dominate the cultural imagination, and to include potential users in questions of design and utility as new technologies are being developed. Human augmentation and enhancement are other important themes addressed, raising important questions about what it means fundamentally to be ‘human’. These questions and challenges are addressed through the lens of the social and personal impacts of new technologies on human selves, the public imagination, ethics, and human relationships.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document