Modelling gas dispersal phenomena at La Soufrière volcano (Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Massaro ◽  
Fabio Dioguardi ◽  
Laura Sandri ◽  
Giancarlo Tamburello ◽  
Jacopo Selva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computational Models ◽  
Atmospheric Stability ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Meteorological Station ◽  
Lesser Antilles ◽  
Wind Model ◽  
Gas Dispersion ◽  
Gas Hazard ◽  
Wind Measurements ◽  
Hazard Assessments

<p>In recent decades, reliable computational models have significantly advanced, and now represent a valuable tool to make quantitative and testable predictions, supporting gas dispersal forecasting and hazard assessments for public safety. In this study, we carried out a number of tests aimed to validate the modelling of gas dispersal at La Soufrière de Guadeloupe volcano (Lesser Antilles), which has shown quasi-permanent degassing of low-temperature hydrothermal nature since its last magmatic eruption in 1530 AD. In particular, we focused on the distribution of CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>S discharged from the three main present-day fumarolic sources at the summit, using the MultiGAS measurements of continuous gas concentrations collected during March-April 2017. We implemented the open-source Eulerian code DISGAS-2.0 for passive gas dispersion coupled with the mass consistent Diagnostic Wind Model (DWM), using wind measurements and atmospheric stability information from a local meteorological station and the ECMWF-ERA5 reanalysis data. We found that model outputs are highly dependent on the resolution of the topographic data, which affect mainly the reliability of DWM meteorological fields, especially on and around the steep dome. Our results satisfactory reproduce the observed data, indicating the potential usefulness of DISGAS-2.0 as a tool for quantifying gas hazard and reproducing the fumarolic degassing and at La Soufrière de Guadeloupe.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Wind turbine power production and annual energy production depend on atmospheric stability and turbulence

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara M. St. Martin ◽  
Julie K. Lundquist ◽  
Andrew Clifton ◽  
Gregory S. Poulos ◽  
Scott J. Schreck
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Atmospheric Stability ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Stability Parameters ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Stable Conditions ◽  
Wind Measurements ◽  
Power Curves

Abstract. Using detailed upwind and nacelle-based measurements from a General Electric [GE] 1.5 sle model with a 77 m rotor diameter, we calculated power curves and annual energy production (AEP) and explored their sensitivity to different atmospheric parameters. This work provides guidelines for the use of stability and turbulence filters in segregating power curves to gain a clearer picture of the power performance of a turbine. The wind measurements upwind of the turbine include anemometers mounted on a 135 m meteorological tower and lidar vertical profiles. We calculated power curves for different regimes based on turbulence parameters such as turbulence intensity (TI) and turbulence kinetic energy (TKE), as well as atmospheric stability parameters such as Bulk Richardson number (RB). AEP was also calculated with and without these atmospheric filters and differences between these calculations are highlighted in this article. The power curves for different TI and TKE regimes revealed that, at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) National Wind Technology Center (NWTC) at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), increased TI and TKE undermined power production at wind speeds near rated, but increased power production at lower wind speeds. Similarly, power curves for different RB regimes revealed that periods of stable conditions produced more power at wind speeds near rated and periods of unstable conditions produced more power at lower wind speeds. AEP results suggest that calculations done without filtering for these atmospheric regimes may be overestimating the AEP. Because of statistically significant differences between power curves and AEP calculated with these turbulence and stability filters for this turbine at this site, we suggest implementing an additional step in analyzing power performance data to take atmospheric stability and turbulence across the rotor disk into account.

scholarly journals Calibration of Reanalysis Data against Wind Measurements for Energy Production Estimation of Building Integrated Savonius-Type Wind Turbine

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 9017
Author(s):  
Andoni Gonzalez-Arceo ◽  
Maitane Zirion-Martinez de Musitu ◽  
Alain Ulazia ◽  
Mario del Rio ◽  
Oscar Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wind Measurements ◽  
Scale Experiment ◽  
Wind Resource

In this work, a cost-effective wind resource method specifically developed for the ROSEO-BIWT (Building Integrated Wind Turbine) and other Building Integrated Wind Turbines is presented. It predicts the wind speed and direction at the roof of an previously selected building for the past 10 years using reanalysis data and wind measurements taken over a year. To do so, the reanalysis wind speed data is calibrated against the measurements using different kinds of quantile mapping, and the wind direction is predicted using random forest. A mock-up of a building and a BIWT were used in a wind tunnel to perform a small-scale experiment presented here. It showed that energy production is possible and even enhanced over a wide range of attack angles. The energy production estimations made with the best performing kind of calibration achieved an overall relative error of 6.77% across different scenarios.

scholarly journals Comparison of data mining models applied to a surface meteorological station

RBRH ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anderson Cordeiro Charles ◽  
Anderson Amendoeira Namen ◽  
Pedro Paulo Gomes Watts Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Meteorological Station ◽  
Data Conversion ◽  
State University ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Extreme Precipitation Events ◽  
Station Location ◽  
Janeiro State ◽  
Precipitation Events

ABSTRACT This paper presents the application of data mining techniques for pattern identification obtained from the analysis of meteorological variables and their correlation with the occurrence of intense rainfall. The used data were collected between 2008 and 2012 by the surface meteorological station of the Polytechnic Institute of Rio de Janeiro State University, located in Nova Friburgo - RJ, Brazil. The main objective is the automatic prediction related to extreme precipitation events surrounding the meteorological station location one hour prior its occurrence. Classification models were developed based on decision trees and artificial neural networks. The steps of consistency analysis, treatment and data conversion, as well as the computational models used are described, and some metrics are compared in order to identify their effectiveness. The results obtained for the most accurate model presented a rate of 82. 9% of hits related to the prediction of rainfall equal to or greater than 10 mm h-1 one hour prior its occurrence. The results indicate the possibility of using this work to predict risk events in the study region.

scholarly journals Large-eddy simulation of plume dispersion under various thermally stratified boundary layers

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Nakayama ◽  
T. Takemi ◽  
H. Nagai
Keyword(s):  
Large Eddy Simulation ◽  
Boundary Layers ◽  
Atmospheric Stability ◽  
Spanwise Direction ◽  
Plume Dispersion ◽  
Convective Boundary ◽  
Gas Dispersion ◽  
Eddy Simulation ◽  
Large Eddy ◽  
Les Model

Abstract. Contaminant gas dispersion in atmospheric boundary layer is of great concern to public health. For the accurate prediction of the dispersion problem, the present study numerically investigates the behavior of plume dispersion by taking into account the atmospheric stability which is classified into three types; neutral, stable, and convective boundary layers. We first proposed an efficient method to generate spatially-developing, thermally-stratified boundary layers and examined the usefulness of our approach by comparing to wind tunnel experimental data for various thermal boundary layers. The spreads of plume in the spanwise direction are quantitatively underestimated especially at large downwind distances from the point source, owing to the underestimation of turbulence intensities for the spanwise component; however, the dependence of the spanwise spreads to atmospheric stability is well represented in a qualitative sense. It was shown that the large-eddy simulation (LES) model provides physically reasonable results.

Hazardous gas dispersion: A CFD model accounting for atmospheric stability classes

2009 ◽  
Vol 171 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 739-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pontiggia ◽  
M. Derudi ◽  
V. Busini ◽  
R. Rota
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Stability ◽  
Cfd Model ◽  
Gas Dispersion ◽  
Hazardous Gas

scholarly journals Very short-term forecast of near-coastal flow using scanning lidars

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Valldecabres ◽  
Alfredo Peña ◽  
Michael Courtney ◽  
Lueder von Bremen ◽  
Martin Kühn
Keyword(s):  
Arima Model ◽  
Atmospheric Stability ◽  
Lead Times ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Lidar Measurements ◽  
Wind Measurements ◽  
Scanning Lidar ◽  
Coastal Flow

Abstract. Wind measurements can reduce the uncertainty in the prediction of wind energy production. Nowadays, commercially available scanning lidars can scan the atmosphere up to several kilometres. Here, we use lidar measurements to forecast near-coastal winds with lead times of five minutes. Using Taylor's frozen turbulence hypothesis together with local topographic corrections, we demonstrate that wind speeds at a downstream position can be forecast by using measurements from a scanning lidar performed upstream in a very short-term horizon. The study covers ten periods characterized by neutral and stable atmospheric conditions. Our methodology shows smaller forecasting errors than those of the persistence method and the ARIMA model. We discuss the applicability of this forecasting technique with regards to the characteristics of the lidar trajectories, the site-specific conditions and the atmospheric stability.

The SpeedSort, DynaSort and Scatter Wind Correlation Methods

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciaran King ◽  
Brian Hurley
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Station ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Correlation Methods ◽  
Wind Measurements ◽  
Wind Resource

The long-term wind resource at a potential windfarm site may be estimated by correlating short-term on-site wind measurements with data from a regional meteorological station. Three correlation methods developed at Airtricity are described, and their accuracy assessed.

scholarly journals Downscaling surface wind predictions from numerical weather prediction models in complex terrain with WindNinja

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. Wagenbrenner ◽  
J. M. Forthofer ◽  
B. K. Lamb ◽  
K. S. Shannon ◽  
B. W. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Weather Prediction ◽  
Complex Terrain ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Wildland Fire ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Atmospheric Stability ◽  
Wind Model ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Numerical Weather

Abstract. Wind predictions in complex terrain are important for a number of applications. Dynamic downscaling of numerical weather prediction (NWP) model winds with a high resolution wind model is one way to obtain a wind forecast that accounts for local terrain effects, such as wind speed-up over ridges, flow channeling in valleys, flow separation around terrain obstacles, and flows induced by local surface heating and cooling. In this paper we investigate the ability of a mass-consistent wind model for downscaling near-surface wind predictions from four NWP models in complex terrain. Model predictions are compared with surface observations from a tall, isolated mountain. Downscaling improved near-surface wind forecasts under high-wind (near-neutral atmospheric stability) conditions. Results were mixed during upslope and downslope (non-neutral atmospheric stability) flow periods, although wind direction predictions generally improved with downscaling. This work constitutes evaluation of a diagnostic wind model at unprecedented high spatial resolution in terrain with topographical ruggedness approaching that of typical landscapes in the western US susceptible to wildland fire.

scholarly journals Atmospheric instability analysis and its relationship to precipitation patterns over the western Iberian Peninsula

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Queralt ◽  
E. Hernandez ◽  
D. Gallego ◽  
I. Iturrioz
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Atmospheric Stability ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Radiosonde Station ◽  
First Results ◽  
Isentropic Surface ◽  
Vorticity Anomaly ◽  
Stability Indices

Abstract. Thermodynamic and dynamic atmospheric stability indices will be analysed in order to classify the rainfall types occurred in western Iberia and provide information about the associated meteorological phenomena and preferred regional instability sources. In this work, instability sources over the western Iberian Peninsula will be characterised by means of radiosonde station data and reanalysis data sets from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), for the period 1971–2002. Dynamic stability indices such as the Q vector divergence (dQ) or the potential vorticity anomaly in the 330 K isentropic surface (PV) have been calculated with the aim of establishing different atmospheric stability scenarios. Furthermore, thermodynamic atmospheric stability contribution has been also evaluated with Total Totals index (TT) and moisture availability was inferred from circulation weather types (CWTs). The first results of this work assess the combined dynamic-thermodynamic preferred conditions, synoptic situations and humidity sources, leading to precipitation events over the western Iberian Peninsula and prove the essential role of CWT patterns on the rainfall genesis.

Evolution of Ground Level Scalar Concentrations Through a Compact Cylinder Array Embedded in the Atmospheric Surface Layer

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi E. Miner ◽  
Adam Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Atmospheric Surface Layer ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Atmospheric Stability ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Stability Conditions ◽  
Plume Dispersion ◽  
Gas Dispersion ◽  
Stable Conditions

Experiments for this study were designed to understand gas dispersion in the presence of surface mounted obstacles. To this end, model field experiments were conducted in a compact barrel array employing a spatial distribution of concentration sensors. Specific aims were to explore the effects of atmospheric stability and plume source initial conditions on the plume dispersion through the barrel array. The present results indicate a relaxation towards Gaussian behavior along the plume centerline. The rate of this Gaussian-like behavior is dependent upon atmospheric stability conditions. Plume dispersion through the array appears to be independent of source initial conditions under neutrally stable conditions.

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