Investigation of Lake and Wetlands Influence on Streamflow in Mesoscale Precambrian Shield Watersheds Using IsoWATFLOOD, A Tracer-Aided Hydrologic Model 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arghavan Tafvizi ◽  
April James ◽  
Tricia Stadnyk ◽  
Huaxia Yao ◽  
Charles Ramcharan
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Quaternary Geology ◽  
Precambrian Shield ◽  
Group Response ◽  
Streamflow Generation

<p>Hydrologists continue to be challenged in accurately predicting spatial variation in storage, runoff, and other hydrological processes in both natural and disturbed landscapes. Lakes and wetlands are important hydrologic stores in Precambrian shield watersheds. Identifying how they affect streamflow, independently and/or collectively is a challenge. Tracer-aided hydrologic modeling coupled with field-based stable isotope surveys offer a potentially powerful approach to investigation of mesoscale streamflow generation processes because the influence of evaporative enrichment generates a distinct signature of the surface water endmember, and continuous and distributed simulated streamflow can be tested against field observations under a range of flow conditions. The main objectives of this research are to investigate the influence of lakes and wetlands on streamflow generation by developing application of the tracer-aided hydrologic model isoWATFLOOD for the ~ 15275 km<sup>2</sup> Sturgeon - Lake Nipissing - French River (SNF) basin located on the Precambrian Shield in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. Monthly surveys of δ<sup>18</sup>O and δ<sup>2</sup>H in river flow were collected between 2013 to 2019 (weekly to monthly) across eight sub-catchments, with supporting observations of volumes and stable isotopes in snowcores, snowmelt, precipitation and groundwater. Application of the hydrologic model isoWATFLOOD to the SNF Basin is developed for the first time, allowing for simulation of discharge and stable isotopes in streamflow and soil moisture across multiple sub-catchments. In model building, consideration of differences in quaternary geology, landcover, and sub catchment locations are considered.  Landcover ranges from the boreal forests to impervious urban areas, while dominated by temperate forest, with some coverage of agriculture/disturbed impacted systems; several major sub-catchments having hydropower regulations. Previous statistical analysis has highlighted the importance of wetlands, lakes, and quaternary geology as influential on differences in hydrologic and isotope response in SNF watershed, as a result, model building is considering different landcover types as lakes and wetlands. Six different Landover are considered for generating Group Response Units (GRUs). The model is calibrated using discharge and stable water isotope.  IsoWATFLOOD can represent variation in streamflow generation across the study area. Identifying the different impacts of lakes and wetlands on streamflow generation processes in study area by applying isoWATFLOOD for the SNF watershed will be the main achievement of this study.</p>

Analysis of water pollution and evaluation of purification measures in an urban river basin

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Hosoi ◽  
Y. Kido ◽  
H. Nagira ◽  
H. Yoshida ◽  
Y. Bouda
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Water ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
River Water Quality ◽  
Urban River ◽  
Pollutant Load

The inflow of pollutant load from urban areas and the stagnation of water due to sea water intrusion cause the deterioration of river water quality in tidal zone. In order to improve water quality, various measures such as the reduction of pollutant load by sewage systems, discharge control from sewage treatment plants considering river flow, nutrient removal by aquatic plants, and the dredging of bottom sediments have been examined. The choice of these measures depends on the situation of the river environment and finances. In this study, a field survey was carried out in a typical urban river basin, first. Secondly, on the basis of this survey, a mathematical model was formed to simulate flow and water quality. Several purification alternatives designed for the investigated river basin were comparatively evaluated from the viewpoint of the effect of water quality improvement and their cost. Finally, they were prioritized. Through this case study, a planning process of river water quality management was shown.

Using stable isotopes to estimate the time since disconnection of pools in temporary rivers 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Llorens ◽  
Sebastián González ◽  
Jérôme Latron ◽  
Cesc Múrria ◽  
Núria Bonada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Ecological Quality ◽  
Temporary Rivers ◽  
Hydrological Variable

<p>Temporary rivers, characterized by shifts between flowing water, disconnected pools and dry periods, represent over 50% of the world’s river network and future climatic projections suggest their increase. These rivers are understudied, especially when only disconnected pools remain, because gauging stations or hydrological models do not inform of what happens after the cessation of flow. In addition, most of biological indicators for water quality are designed for flowing waters and their adequacy for temporary rivers is uncertain.</p><p>The development of biological metrics adequate for the assessment of disconnected pools is difficult, because the high species replacement during and following flow cessation. For this reason, one hydrological variable of paramount importance for the assessment of ecological quality of disconected pools is the time since disconnection from the river flow.</p><p>The objective of our work is to present a methodology to estimate the time since disconnection of pools from the river flow. This methodology, following the Gonfiantini (1986) model, is based on the sampling of water stable isotopes in disconnected pools. For pools disconnected from the groundwater, knowing the isotopic modification of the water in time due to evaporation, allows to estimate the relative volume of water evaporated since the pool has been disconnected. However, this approach gets complicated when pools have relevant rainfall inputs or exchanges with groundwater.</p><p>Within the Vallcebre research area (42º12’N and 1º49’E), two artificial pools, one covered with a transparent lid to prevent the input of rainfall and another uncovered, were installed to validate this methodology in controlled conditions. From July to November 2020, water volume of these pools were weekly measured and sampled for isotopic analysis. In parallel, meteorological variables were monitored and rainfall was also sampled for water stable isotopes.</p><p>To develop and validate an operational methodology for estimating the time since disconnection, we first calculated the relative amount of evaporated water based on the variations of isotopic composition of the covered pool samples, and estimated the time since disconnection (for a given natural pool) using the potential evaporation calculated from the meteorological data. For the uncovered pool, the information of amount and isotopic composition of rainfall was added in a mass balance model. Additionally, the same estimations were calculated with standard information (i.e. the meteorological data obtained from the National Meteorological Service and precipitation isotopes data from the Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation (GNIP) of the International Atomic Energy Agency). Finally, measured volumes changes in pools, were used to assess the limitations of the operational methodology and the sensitivity of the results to meteorological conditions.</p><p>Our approach suggests that changes in isotopic composition can be a reliable method to estimate time since disconnection of pools in temporary rivers to better assess their ecological quality.</p>

scholarly journals A Long–Term Response-Based Rainfall-Runoff Hydrologic Model: Case Study of The Upper Blue Nile

Hydrology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eatemad Keshta ◽  
Mohamed A. Gad ◽  
Doaa Amin
Keyword(s):  
River Flow ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Blue Nile ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Surface And Groundwater

This study develops a response-based hydrologic model for long-term (continuous) rainfall-runoff simulations over the catchment areas of big rivers. The model overcomes the typical difficulties in estimating infiltration and evapotranspiration parameters using a modified version of the Soil Conservation Service curve number SCS-CN method. In addition, the model simulates the surface and groundwater hydrograph components using the response unit-hydrograph approach instead of using a linear reservoir routing approach for routing surface and groundwater to the basin outlet. The unit-responses are Geographic Information Systems (GIS)-pre-calculated on a semi-distributed short-term basis and applied in the simulation in every time step. The unit responses are based on the time-area technique that can better simulate the real routing behavior of the basin. The model is less sensitive to groundwater infiltration parameters since groundwater is actually controlled by the surface component and not the opposite. For that reason, the model is called the SCHydro model (Surface Controlled Hydrologic model). The model is tested on the upper Blue Nile catchment area using 28 years daily river flow data set for calibration and validation. The results show that SCHydro model can simulate the long-term transforming behavior of the upper Blue Nile basin. Our initial assessment of the model indicates that the model is a promising tool for long-term river flow simulations, especially for long-term forecasting purposes due to its stability in performing the water balance.

scholarly journals Investigating the Applicability of Error Correction Ensembles of Satellite Rainfall Products in River Flow Simulations

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1194-1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana Maggioni ◽  
Humberto J. Vergara ◽  
Emmanouil N. Anagnostou ◽  
Jonathan J. Gourley ◽  
Yang Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Error Propagation ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Runoff Simulation ◽  
Stochastic Error ◽  
Precipitation Estimation ◽  
Satellite Rainfall ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study uses a stochastic ensemble-based representation of satellite rainfall error to predict the propagation in flood simulation of three quasi-global-scale satellite rainfall products across a range of basin scales. The study is conducted on the Tar-Pamlico River basin in the southeastern United States based on 2 years of data (2004 and 2006). The NWS Multisensor Precipitation Estimator (MPE) dataset is used as the reference for evaluating three satellite rainfall products: the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) real-time 3B42 product (3B42RT), the Climate Prediction Center morphing technique (CMORPH), and the Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Imagery Using Artificial Neural Networks–Cloud Classification System (PERSIANN-CCS). Both ground-measured runoff and streamflow simulations, derived from the NWS Research Distributed Hydrologic Model forced with the MPE dataset, are used as benchmarks to evaluate ensemble streamflow simulations obtained by forcing the model with satellite rainfall corrected using stochastic error simulations from a two-dimensional satellite rainfall error model (SREM2D). The ability of the SREM2D ensemble error corrections to improve satellite rainfall-driven runoff simulations and to characterize the error variability of those simulations is evaluated. It is shown that by applying the SREM2D error ensemble to satellite rainfall, the simulated runoff ensemble is able to envelope both the reference runoff simulation and observed streamflow. The best (uncorrected) product is 3B42RT, but after applying SREM2D, CMORPH becomes the most accurate of the three products in the prediction of runoff variability. The impact of spatial resolution on the rainfall-to-runoff error propagation is also evaluated for a cascade of basin scales (500–5000 km2). Results show a doubling in the bias from rainfall to runoff at all basin scales. Significant dependency to catchment area is exhibited for the random error propagation component.

A new methodology for surcharge risk management in urban areas (case study: Gonbad-e-Kavus city)

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 823-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhad Hooshyaripor ◽  
Jafar Yazdi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Pareto Front ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Nsga Ii ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Conflicting Objectives

This research presents a simulation-optimization model for urban flood mitigation integrating Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) with Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) hydraulic model under a curve number-based hydrologic model of low impact development technologies in Gonbad-e-Kavus, a small city in the north of Iran. In the developed model, the best performance of the system relies on the optimal layout and capacity of retention ponds over the study area in order to reduce surcharge from the manholes underlying a set of storm event loads, while the available investment plays a restricting role. Thus, there is a multi-objective optimization problem with two conflicting objectives solved successfully by NSGA-II to find a set of optimal solutions known as the Pareto front. In order to analyze the results, a new factor, investment priority index (IPI), is defined which shows the risk of surcharging over the network and priority of the mitigation actions. The IPI is calculated using the probability of pond selection for candidate locations and average depth of the ponds in all Pareto front solutions. The IPI can help the decision makers to arrange a long-term progressive plan with the priority of high-risk areas when an optimal solution has been selected.

scholarly journals Special features of the contemporary biogens runoff formation in the central part of the russian plain.

2020 ◽  
pp. 136-145
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Russian Plain ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus Removal ◽  
The Road ◽  
Cheboksary Reservoir ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
River Catchments ◽  
Kursk Region

An attempt to evaluate the diffuse removal of mineral nitrogen and phosphorus from river catchments in the central part of the Russian Plain has been made. A rough esti-mate of the annual water-biogenic balance for the Linda and Kudma river catchments, which are the tributaries of the Cheboksary reservoir, and river catchments of the Kursk region is presented. It is shown that the diffuse removal of biogens from river catchments exceeds their removal into water bodies with wastewater, and in recent years (2008–2018) it reached 75–95 %. Along with the surface component of the runoff, the contribution of underground runoff and precipitation to this process is estimated. It is found that on the catchment area of the lateral tributary of the Cheboksary reservoir, the natural component in the diffuse removal of nutrients predominates comprising 55–75 % and more their total removal. Due to the intensive anthropogenic load in the Kursk region, the natural supply of biogens to the river catchments (30% nitrogen and 5% phosphorus) is much less than their anthropogenic input. The livestock business, poultry farming, urban areas (including the road network) and fertilization are the most significant sources of anthropogenic nutrient input. Resent chang-ers in nitrogen and phosphorus removal from river catchments are assessed. They have oc-curred mainly due to climatic changes in the water balance – due to decrease in the surface slope runoff and due to increase in the runoff of infiltration origin (underground runoff and vekhovodka). Annual biogens export from the Linda and Kudma river catchments has in-creased significantly (by 20–30 %). At the same time in the Kursk region, due to a reduction in the annual river flow (by 30–40 %), nutrient removal has decreased.

Quaternary geology in urban areas: examples from the Netherlands

2000 ◽  
Vol 151 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ed F. J. De Mulder ◽  
Sandra Lauffer ◽  
Wietske J. De Vries
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Quaternary Geology

Effect of the Tide On Flood Modeling and Mapping in Kota Tinggi, Johor Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulfaqar Sa’adi ◽  
Ahmad Zuhdi Ismail ◽  
Zulkifli Yusop ◽  
Zainab Mohamad Yusof
Keyword(s):  
Flood Control ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Tidal Effect ◽  
Flood Modeling ◽  
Reliable Technique ◽  
Flood Depth ◽  
Floodplain Mapping ◽  
Average Similarity

Abstract This study aimed at mapping the Kota Tinggi flood event in 2006/07 that had caused massive damages to properties and the environment. The flood was associated with unusually high intensity and continuous rainfall. Therefore, a reliable technique of floodplain mapping is crucial for the improvement of flood control strategies and for preparing an evacuation plan. The main objective of this study is to compare the effect of tide on flood modeling analysis. The inundated areas were mapped for various annual recurrent intervals using peak flow data from 1965 to 2010. The study used Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data for flood modeling. HEC-HMS, HEC-RAS, and HEC-GeoRAS were used to develop the flood model. The results reaffirm that the GEV model is the best for fitting the annual flood. The HEC-HMS hydrologic model was calibrated and validated using observed hydrographs in Sep 2002 and Jan 2003, respectively. Upon successful calibration and validation, the model was used to simulate flood hydrograph in Jan 2007. The modeling took into account the tidal effect. When the tidal effect was not considered, the simulated flood depth was 43 % lower than the observed flood. However, the inclusion of the tidal effect has reduced the simulation error with an average similarity of 91.4%. The simulation results show that the river flow starts to over bank for ARIs exceeded 25 years.

Colorado River flow dwindles as warming-driven loss of reflective snow energizes evaporation

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 367 (6483) ◽  
pp. 1252-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. D. Milly ◽  
K. A. Dunne
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
River Discharge ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Colorado River ◽  
Meteorological Drought ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Increasing Risk

The sensitivity of river discharge to climate-system warming is highly uncertain, and the processes that govern river discharge are poorly understood, which impedes climate-change adaptation. A prominent exemplar is the Colorado River, where meteorological drought and warming are shrinking a water resource that supports more than 1 trillion dollars of economic activity per year. A Monte Carlo simulation with a radiation-aware hydrologic model resolves the longstanding, wide disparity in sensitivity estimates and reveals the controlling physical processes. We estimate that annual mean discharge has been decreasing by 9.3% per degree Celsius of warming because of increased evapotranspiration, mainly driven by snow loss and a consequent decrease in reflection of solar radiation. Projected precipitation increases likely will not suffice to fully counter the robust, thermodynamically induced drying. Thus, an increasing risk of severe water shortages is expected.

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