urban vegetation of algiers : urban ecology approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilal Ighil agha
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Urban Ecology ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Urban Vegetation ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Urban Problems ◽  
The City ◽  
Urban Plants

<p>In the 21st century, where problems related to the city are legion (climate change, disease, depression, crime, etc.), urban ecology promises to provide concrete and effective solutions to enable humanity to live and the planet to breathe.</p><p>In a southern metropolis such as Algiers, these seemingly endless urban problems are becoming more acute due to a galloping population and an unbridled expansion of the urban fabric. This expansion is often at the expense of green spaces.</p><p>In this way, we worked on methodologies that will enable us to quantify the layout, condition and influence of these green spaces and to develop more appropriate management plans to optimize there functions.</p><p>We also carried out a preliminary study for the landscape analysis and spatialization of urban plants, to be able to deepen the study later and create an interrogative spatial database to help decision-making.</p>

scholarly journals Zakour Forest fire risk map assessment in the commune of Mamounia (Mascara, Algeria)

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-35
Author(s):  
Djamel Anteur ◽  
Abdelkrim Benaradj ◽  
Youcef Fekir ◽  
Djillali Baghdadi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Risk Map ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
The City ◽  
Forest Fire Risk

Abstract The great forest of Zakour is located north of the commune of Mamounia (department of Mascara). It is considered the lung of the city of Mascara, covers an area of 126.8 ha. It is a forest that is subject to several natural and human constraints. Among them, the fires are a major danger because of their impacts on forest ecosystems. The purpose of this work is to develop a fire risk map of the Zakour Forest through the contribution of geomatics according to natural and anthropogenic conditions (human activities, agglomeration, agricultural land) while integrating information from ground on the physiognomy of the vegetation. For this, the creation of a clearer fire risk map to delimit the zones potentially sensitive to forest fires in the forest area of Zakour. This then allows good implementation of detection management plans, for better prevention and decision-making assistance in protecting and fighting forest fires.

scholarly journals Simulation modeling for urban ecology maintenance of environmental comfort level – evidence from the city of Rostov-on-Don

2018 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 06007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Sheina ◽  
Karina Yudina
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Urban Ecology ◽  
Simulation Modeling ◽  
Ecological Monitoring ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Managerial Decision ◽  
Urban Territories ◽  
Urban Planning And Development ◽  
Ecological Reconstruction ◽  
The City

The article touches upon the issue of simulation modeling used as an instrument of managerial decision making in the field of urban planning and development. Modeling is carried out by means of modern IT in software package ESRI ArcGIS 10.1 and for the purposes of information-analytical procurement of complex improvement process and ecological reconstruction of urban territories, urban ecology decision making, and development of ecological monitoring system in urban territories. Simulation model constructed on the basis of the suggested method allows to monitor specific changes in the surveyed environment in the context of gradual implementation of complex assessment and greening activities.

scholarly journals Adaptation of Leopold Matrix for Assessment of Environmental Impacts Caused by the Flower Avenue Project in Manaus City - Amazonas

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 517-525
Author(s):  
Diana Barbosa de Castro ◽  
Fabiana Rocha Pinto ◽  
David Barbosa de Alencar ◽  
Ricardo Silva Parente
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Matrix Method ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Urban Problems ◽  
The City

This study aims to describe the effects generated by the construction of Avenida das Flores, has the objective of evaluating the effects caused by an urban mobility project, located in Manaus-AM, and the use of some neighborhoods of the city is prohibited. . Through this process of urban expansion, it is necessary to search for alternatives to urban problems, in addition to seeking solutions for the traffic disorder, a lack of urban mobility due to the difficulty of movement of people living in the more remote neighborhoods of central Manaus. . In this context, formulate the Matrix method of use based and adapted in the Leopold Interaction, which par excellence is dedicated to making relationships, noting the most relevant impacts. The survey allowed to obtain results that could indicate the negative effects caused by the environment in compartments such as: alteration (soil quality, area and microclimate), biotic reduction (reduction of endemic species and forest areas) and social (increase of vehicle circulation, attraction of new constructions and services, serving as a source of decision making, allowing to identify the most relevant effects for the use of instrument in decision making.

Deconstructing Smart Cities

Big Data ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 1957-1969
Author(s):  
Michael Batty
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Smart City ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Public Realm ◽  
The Public ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Urban Problems ◽  
The City

This chapter defines the smart city in terms of the process whereby computers and computation are being embedded into the very fabric of the city itself. In short, the smart city is the automated city where the goal is to improve the efficiency of how the city functions. These new technologies tend to improve the performance of cities in the short term with respect to how cities function over minutes, hours or days rather than over years or decades. After establishing definitions and context, the author then explores questions of big data. One important challenge is to synthesize or integrate different data about the city's functioning and this provides an enormous challenge which presents many obstacles to producing coherent solutions to diverse urban problems. The chapter augments this argument with ideas about how the emergence of widespread computation provides a new interface to the public realm through which citizens might participate in rather fuller and richer ways than hitherto, through interactions in various kinds of decision-making about the future city. The author concludes with some speculations as to how the emerging science of smart cities fits into the wider science of cities.

Deconstructing Smart Cities

2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Batty
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Smart City ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Public Realm ◽  
The Public ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Urban Problems ◽  
The City

This chapter defines the smart city in terms of the process whereby computers and computation are being embedded into the very fabric of the city itself. In short, the smart city is the automated city where the goal is to improve the efficiency of how the city functions. These new technologies tend to improve the performance of cities in the short term with respect to how cities function over minutes, hours or days rather than over years or decades. After establishing definitions and context, the author then explores questions of big data. One important challenge is to synthesize or integrate different data about the city's functioning and this provides an enormous challenge which presents many obstacles to producing coherent solutions to diverse urban problems. The chapter augments this argument with ideas about how the emergence of widespread computation provides a new interface to the public realm through which citizens might participate in rather fuller and richer ways than hitherto, through interactions in various kinds of decision-making about the future city. The author concludes with some speculations as to how the emerging science of smart cities fits into the wider science of cities.

scholarly journals How normative interpretations of climate risk assessment affect local decision-making: an exploratory study at the city scale in Cork, Ireland

2018 ◽  
Vol 376 (2121) ◽  
pp. 20170300 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K. J. McDermott ◽  
S. Surminski
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Flood Risk Management ◽  
Climate Risk ◽  
Local Decision ◽  
Local Decision Making ◽  
The City

Urban areas already suffer substantial losses in both economic and human terms from climate-related disasters. These losses are anticipated to grow substantially, in part as a result of the impacts of climate change. In this paper, we investigate the process of translating climate risk data into action for the city level. We apply a commonly used decision-framework as our backdrop and explore where in this process climate risk assessment and normative political judgements intersect. We use the case of flood risk management in Cork city in Ireland to investigate what is needed for translating risk assessment into action at the local city level. Evidence presented is based on focus group discussions at two stakeholder workshops, and a series of individual meetings and phone-discussions with stakeholders involved in local decision-making related to flood risk management and adaptation to climate change, in Ireland. Respondents were chosen on the basis of their expertise or involvement in the decision-making processes locally and nationally. Representatives of groups affected by flood risk and flood risk management and climate adaptation efforts were also included. The Cork example highlights that, despite ever more accurate data and an increasing range of theoretical approaches available to local decision-makers, it is the normative interpretation of this information that determines what action is taken. The use of risk assessments for decision-making is a process that requires normative decisions, such as setting ‘acceptable risk levels' and identifying ‘adequate’ protection levels, which will not succeed without broader buy-in and stakeholder participation. Identifying and embracing those normative views up-front could strengthen the urban adaptation process—this may, in fact, turn out to be the biggest advantage of climate risk assessment: it offers an opportunity to create a shared understanding of the problem and enables an informed evaluation and discussion of remedial action. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Advances in risk assessment for climate change adaptation policy’.

scholarly journals Water restrictions under climate change: a Rhône–Mediterranean perspective combining bottom-up and top-down approaches

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 3683-3710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Sauquet ◽  
Bastien Richard ◽  
Alexandre Devers ◽  
Christel Prudhomme
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Critical Threshold ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Water Restrictions ◽  
And Performance

Abstract. Drought management plans (DMPs) require an overview of future climate conditions for ensuring long-term relevance of existing decision-making processes. To that end, impact studies are expected to best reproduce decision-making needs linked with catchment intrinsic sensitivity to climate change. The objective of this study is to apply a risk-based approach through sensitivity, exposure and performance assessments to identify where and when, due to climate change, access to surface water constrained by legally binding water restrictions (WRs) may question agricultural activities. After inspection of legally binding WRs from the DMPs in the Rhône–Mediterranean (RM) district, a framework to derive WR durations was developed based on harmonized low-flow indicators. Whilst the framework could not perfectly reproduce all WR ordered by state services, as deviations from sociopolitical factors could not be included, it enabled the identification of most WRs under the current baseline and the quantification of the sensitivity of WR duration to a wide range of perturbed climates for 106 catchments. Four classes of responses were found across the RM district. The information provided by the national system of compensation to farmers during the 2011 drought was used to define a critical threshold of acceptable WR that is related to the current activities over the RM district. The study finally concluded that catchments in mountainous areas, highly sensitive to temperature changes, are also the most predisposed to future restrictions under projected climate changes considering current DMPs, whilst catchments around the Mediterranean Sea were found to be mainly sensitive to precipitation changes and irrigation use was less vulnerable to projected climatic changes. The tools developed enable a rapid assessment of the effectiveness of current DMPs under climate change and can be used to prioritize review of the plans for those most vulnerable basins.

scholarly journals Green to Grey: An Urban Heat Assessment of Kumasi, Ghana

2019 ◽  
pp. 751-763
Author(s):  
C. Koranteng ◽  
B. Simons ◽  
D. Nyame-Tawiah
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Conscious Effort ◽  
Outdoor Spaces ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
The City

The current study assessed the city of Kumasi, Ghana to find out the extent of urban heat and the views of the populace about their climate. Both the subjective and objective approaches were utilized in the study. Secondary data from the Meteorological Survey Department in Kumasi covering temperature and relative humidity values for a 42- year period (1976 - 2018) was retrieved and used in the analysis to find the trend of urban heat phenomenon. Alongside, a developed questionnaire had a response from 2,083 people. The findings reveal among other things that there’s a 2ºC rise in mean annual temperature from 1976 to 2018. Additionally, the data shows that the past 4 years have had high mean temperature values. Subjectively, 1, 271 residence representing 61% voted in the “slightly warm-hot” range on the thermal sensation scale. Majority of the respondents across all the ages indicated how uncomfortable their outdoor spaces have become in recent times. 36% of the respondents attributed this discomfort to the lack of greenery with over 95% across all ages indicating that Kumasi city has lost its greenery and green spaces to buildings and other infrastructural activities. Whiles climate change and global warming have both become a global menace, the onus lies on individual countries and for that matter, various city authorities to make a conscious effort in planning our cities with greenery to alleviate the menace we already find ourselves. A conscious effort to retrieve and restore encroached green spaces must be undertaken by the city authorities while the parks and gardens division ought to be efficiently resourced to manage our green spaces.

Urban Ecology in the Time of Climate Change: Houston, Flooding, and the Case of Federal Buyouts

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Loughran ◽  
James R. Elliott ◽  
S. Wright Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Urban Ecology ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
First Century ◽  
Urban Flooding ◽  
The Social ◽  
Residential Properties ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time

This study proposes a shift in sociology’s approach to urban ecology. Rather than foreground the social ecologies that captivated the Chicago and Los Angeles Schools, we join and extend more recent efforts to engage environmental ecologies that successively intersect with those social ecologies over time. To ground our approach, we focus on areas of urban flooding where federally subsidized buyouts of residential properties have occurred over recent decades. Drawing on data from Houston, Texas, we locate where these buyout zones have emerged and how their social ecologies have changed in ways that feed back to influence the number of local buyouts that occur. Results indicate that Houston’s buyout zones have an identifiable social ecology that has shifted over time, primarily from white to Hispanic working-class settlement as the city has grown and become more racially and ethnically diverse. Results also show that the extent to which this racial succession has occurred powerfully predicts subsequent numbers of buyouts in the area. Implications for developing an enhanced urban ecology for the twenty-first century are discussed.

Spontaneous Urban Vegetation: Reflections of Change in a Globalized World

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Del Tredici
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Urban Vegetation ◽  
Successional Vegetation ◽  
Globalized World ◽  
The City ◽  
Future Learning ◽  
Acting In Concert

Urban habitats are characterized by high levels of disturbance, impervious paving, and heat retention. These factors, acting in concert, alter soil, water, and air conditions in ways that promote the growth of stress-tolerant, early-successional vegetation on abandoned or unmaintained land. In most urban areas, a cosmopolitan array of spontaneous plants provide important ecological services that, in light of projected climate change impacts, are likely to become more significant in the future. Learning how to manage spontaneous urban vegetation to increase its ecological and social values may be a more sustainable strategy than attempting to restore historical ecosystems that flourished before the city existed.

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