scholarly journals HR3DHG version 1: modeling the spatiotemporal dynamics of mercury in the Augusta Bay (southern Italy)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2073-2093
Author(s):  
Giovanni Denaro ◽  
Daniela Salvagio Manta ◽  
Alessandro Borri ◽  
Maria Bonsignore ◽  
Davide Valenti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mercury Concentration ◽  
Total Mercury ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Reaction Model ◽  
Spatiotemporal Dynamics ◽  
Diffusion Reaction ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Desorption Process ◽  
Dissolved Mercury

Abstract. The biogeochemical dynamics of Hg, and specifically of its three species Hg0, HgII, and MeHg (elemental, inorganic, and organic, respectively), in the marine coastal area of Augusta Bay (southern Italy) have been explored by the high-resolution 3D Hg (HR3DHG) model, namely an advection–diffusion–reaction model for dissolved mercury in the seawater compartment coupled with a diffusion–reaction model for dissolved mercury in the pore water of sediments in which the desorption process for the sediment total mercury is taken into account. The spatiotemporal variability of the mercury concentration in both seawater ([HgD]) and the first layers of bottom sediments ([HgDsed] and [HgTsed]), as well as the Hg fluxes at the boundaries of the 3D model domain, have been theoretically reproduced, showing acceptable agreement with the experimental data collected in multiple field observations during six different oceanographic cruises. Also, the spatiotemporal dynamics of the total mercury concentration in seawater have been obtained by using both model results and field observations. The mass balance of the total Hg species in seawater has been calculated for the Augusta Harbour, improving previous estimations. The HR3DHG model could be used as an effective tool to predict the spatiotemporal distributions of dissolved and total mercury concentrations, while contributing to better assessing hazards for the environment and therefore for human health in highly polluted areas.

scholarly journals HR3DHG version 1: modelling the spatio-temporal dynamics of mercury in the Augusta Bay (southern Italy)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Denaro ◽  
Daniela Salvagio Manta ◽  
Alessandro Borri ◽  
Maria Bonsignore ◽  
Davide Valenti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Mercury ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Reaction Model ◽  
Diffusion Reaction ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Marine Areas ◽  
Dissolved Mercury

Abstract. The biogeochemical dynamics of Hg, and specifically of its three species Hg0, HgII, and MeHg (elemental, inorganic, and organic, respectively) in the marine coastal area of Augusta Bay (southern Italy) have been explored by the high resolution 3D Hg (HR3DHG) model, namely an advection-diffusion-reaction model for the dissolved mercury in the seawater compartment coupled with i) a diffusion-reaction model for dissolved mercury in the pore water of sediments and ii) a sorption/de-sorption model for total mercury in the sediments. The spatio-temporal variability of dissolved and total mercury concentration both in seawater ([HgD] and [HgT]) first layers of bottom sediments ([HgsedD] and [HgsedT]), and the Hg fluxes at the boundaries of the 3D model domain have been theoretically reproduced, showing an excellent agreement with the experimental data, collected in multiple field observations during six different oceanographic cruises. The mass-balance of the different Hg species in seawater has been calculated for the Augusta Harbor, improving previous estimations. The HR3DHG model includes modules that can be implemented for specific and detailed exploration of the effects of climate change on the spatio-temporal distribution of Hg in highly contaminated coastal-marine areas.

scholarly journals Surface high-resolution temperature forecast in southern Italy

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-217
Author(s):  
S. Federico ◽  
E. Avolio ◽  
F. Fusto ◽  
R. Niccoli ◽  
C. Bellecci
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Background Field ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Optimal Interpolation ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Forecast Errors ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Forecast Performance ◽  
Temperature Forecast ◽  
Analysis System

Abstract. Since June 2008, 1-h temperature forecasts for the Calabria region (Southern Italy) are issued at 2.5 km horizontal resolution at CRATI/ISAC-CNR. Forecasts are available online at http://meteo.crati.it/previsioni.html (every 6-h). This paper shows the forecast performance out to three days for one climatological year (from 1 December 2008 to 30 November 2009, 365 run) for minimum, mean and maximum temperature. The forecast is evaluated against gridded analyses at the same horizontal resolution. Gridded analysis is based on Optimal Interpolation (OI) and uses a de-trending technique for computing the background field. Observations from 87 thermometers are used in the analysis system. In this paper cumulative statistics are shown to quantify forecast errors out to three days.

Determination of total mercury concentration in aqueous samples with gold nanoparticles

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1254 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Crosby ◽  
J. Z. James ◽  
D. Lucas ◽  
C. P. Koshland
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Mercury Concentration ◽  
Total Mercury ◽  
Aqueous Samples ◽  
Total Mercury Concentration

Characterizing the spatiotemporal dynamics of soil water stable isotopes on a karst hillslope in southwestern China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Liu ◽  
Tiejun Wang ◽  
Cong-qiang Liu ◽  
Xi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Spatiotemporal Dynamics ◽  
Spatial Variations ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Spatiotemporal Features ◽  
Field Evidence ◽  
Karst Hillslope

<p>Soil water stable isotope compositions (SWSI; i.e., δD and δ<sup>18</sup>O) and soil moisture content (SMC) are widely used to illuminate water exchange processes across the atmosphere-land interface. Thus, the knowledge of spatiotemporal dynamics of these two variables is critical to help our understanding of relevant ecohydrological processes. However, in comparison to the efforts for elucidating the spatiotemporal variability in SMC, much less attention was paid to understand the spatiotemporal variability in SWSI, which also raises the question as to whether SWSI and SMC share similar spatiotemporal features. To this end, the spatiotemporal dynamics of SWSI and SMC were jointly investigated on a karst hillslope with eight sampling campaigns among two years. The method of temporal stability analysis (TSA) was adopted to evaluate the spatiotemporal patterns of SWSI and SMC in this study. Generally, both δD and δ<sup>18</sup>O exhibited considerable temporal and spatial variations; meanwhile, the variations in δD and δ<sup>18</sup>O values were relatively smaller than that of SMC. In addition, in comparison with the spatial pattern of SMC, there were no clear relationships between the standard deviation (SD) and the spatial mean of δD or δ<sup>18</sup>O. However, the SD of line-conditioned excess (lc-excess) and its mean values displayed a strong negative correlation, indicating that the spatial variations in lc-excess increased with soil evaporation. Moreover, SWSI displayed weaker temporal stability than SMC and no clear controlling factors were identified, suggesting that the spatiotemporal dynamics of SWSI might be more complex than that of SMC. This study provided comprehensive field evidence that there existed profound spatiotemporal variability in SWSI and its spatiotemporal features were different from SMC, highlighting that the spatiotemporal variability in SWSI needs to be considered in isotope-based estimations and it should be investigated separately from the spatiotemporal characteristics of SMC in future studies.</p>

scholarly journals A permeation-diffusion-reaction model of gas transport in cellular tissue of plant materials

2006 ◽  
Vol 57 (15) ◽  
pp. 4215-4224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. T. Ho ◽  
B. E. Verlinden ◽  
P. Verboven ◽  
S. Vandewalle ◽  
B. M. Nicolai
Keyword(s):  
Gas Transport ◽  
Cellular Tissue ◽  
Reaction Model ◽  
Diffusion Reaction ◽  
Plant Materials

Diffusion-reaction model for ASR

2014 ◽  
pp. 639-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Liaudat ◽  
C López ◽  
I Carol
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Model ◽  
Diffusion Reaction

scholarly journals Mercury content in the wool of domestic animals in Cherepovets

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Sergeevna Bachina ◽  
Olga Yurievna Rumiantseva ◽  
Elena Sergeevna Ivanova ◽  
Viktor Trofimovic Komov ◽  
Marina Andreevna Guseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mercury Concentration ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Total Mercury ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Mercury Content ◽  
Average Content ◽  
Comparison Analysis ◽  
Vologda Region ◽  
Total Mercury Concentration ◽  
Mercury Analyzer

Mercury (Hg) and its compounds are considered as one of the ten major dangerous groups of chemicals. The content of mercury in the coat was 136 cats and 113 dogs in the territory of the Vologda Region in Cherepovets. The total mercury concentration in the wool samples was measured on a mercury analyzer RA-915 +. The values of the mercury index in cats range from less than 0,001 mg / kg to 13,00 mg / kg, in dogs from less than 0,001 mg / kg to 1,858 mg / kg. Statistical difference in the content of mercury in wool between cats and dogs was revealed. The Hg content in cats is 3,5 times higher than the dogs have. Comparison analysis showed the concentration of mercury in the wool of cats and dogs have no statistically significant differences. The authors noted that cats had 4 times more mercury who ate fish. The average content of Hg in the wool of dogs is slightly different for those who ate fish.

scholarly journals Fractal diffusion-reaction model for a porous electrode

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-26
Author(s):  
Ling Lin ◽  
Yun Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Porous Electrode ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Bright Light ◽  
Reaction Model ◽  
Solution Procedure ◽  
Diffusion Reaction ◽  
Fast Diffusion ◽  
Fractal Derivative ◽  
Intuitive Grasp

Fractal modifications of Fick?s laws are discussed by taking into account the electrode?s porous structure, and a fractal derivative model for diffusion-reaction process in a thin film of an amperometric enzymatic reaction is established. Particular attention is paid to giving an intuitive grasp for its fractal variational principle and its solution procedure. Extremely fast or extremely slow diffusion process can be achieved by suitable control of the electrode?s surface morphology, a sponge-like surface leads to an extremely fast diffusion, while a lotus-leaf-like uneven surface predicts an extremely slow process. This paper sheds a bright light on an optimal design of an electrode?s surface morphology.

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