scholarly journals Geomorphology-based index for detecting minimal flood stages in arid alluvial streams

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 1021-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Shamir ◽  
L. Ben-Moshe ◽  
A. Ronen ◽  
T. Grodek ◽  
Y. Enzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Ephemeral Streams ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Flood Warning ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
Alluvial Streams ◽  
Flood Warning Systems

Abstract. Identification of a geomorphic index to represent lower thresholds for minor flows in ephemeral, alluvial streams in arid environments is an essential step as a precursor for reliable flash flood hazard estimations and establishing flood warning systems. An index, termed Alluvial wadi Flood Incipient Geomorphologic Index (AFIG), is presented. Analysis of data from an extensive field survey in the arid ephemeral streams in southern and eastern Israel was conducted to investigate the AFIG and the control over its value across the region. During the survey we identified distinguishable flow marks in the lower parts of streams' banks, such as niches, vegetation line, and change in bank material, which are indicative of low flows. The cross-sectional characteristics of the AFIG were studied in relationship with contributing drainage basin characteristics such as lithology, topography, and precipitation. Drainage area and hardness of the exposed lithology (presented as a basin-wide index) are the preferred descriptors to be used in estimating a specific AFIG in unsurveyed sites. Analyses of discharge records from seven hydrometric stations indicate that the recurrence interval of the determined AFIG is equal to or more frequent than 0.5 yr.

scholarly journals Geomorphology-based index for detecting minimal flood stages in arid alluvial streams

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 12357-12394 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Shamir ◽  
L. Ben-Moshe ◽  
A. Ronen ◽  
T. Grodek ◽  
Y. Enzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Ephemeral Streams ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Flood Warning ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
Alluvial Streams ◽  
Flood Warning Systems

Abstract. Identification of a geomorphic index to represent lower thresholds for minor flows in ephemeral, alluvial streams in arid environments is an essential step in reliable flash flood hazard estimations and establishing flood warning systems. An index, termed Alluvial wadi Flood Incipient Geomorphologic Index (AFIG), is presented. Analysis of data from an extensive field survey in the arid ephemeral streams in Southern and Eastern Israel was conducted to investigate the AFIG and the control over its value across the region. During the survey we identified distinguishable flow marks in the lower parts of streams' banks, such as niches, vegetation line, and change in bank material, which are indicative of low flows. The cross-sectional characteristics of the AFIG were studied in relationship with contributing drainage basin characteristics such as lithology, topography, and precipitation. Drainage area and hardness of the exposed lithology (presented as a basin-wide index) are the preferred descriptors to be used in estimating a specific AFIG in un-surveyed sites. Analyses of discharge records from seven hydrometric stations indicate that the recurrence interval of the determined AFIG is equal to or more frequent than 0.5 yr.

Automated flash flood warning systems

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rutherford H. Platt ◽  
Scott A. Cahail
Keyword(s):  
Flash Flood ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Flood Warning ◽  
Flood Warning Systems

scholarly journals Application of geospatial technologies in constructing a flash flood warning model in northern mountainous regions of Vietnam: a case study at TrinhTuong commune, Bat Xat district, LaoCai province

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
Quoc Lap Kieu ◽  
Duc Van Tran
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Flood Warning ◽  
Medium Risk ◽  
Warning Model

Abstract The model was constructed based on GIS spatial analyses, combined with Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Multi-Criterion Analysis method (MCA). The data gathered for the study were mainly from remote-sensing images, statistical data and surveys. Field experiments were conducted in Trinh Tuong Commune, Bat Xat District, Lao Cai province. This is a typical remote mountainous region of Vietnam in which flash floods often occur. The study analyzes and evaluates six primary factors that incite flash flood, namely: geomorphological characteristics, soil properties, forest and fractional vegetation cover types, local drainage basin slopes, maximum average rainfall of various years, and the river/stream density of the region. The zoning map showing flash flood potentials has determined that 19.91% of the area had an extremely high risk of flash flood occurrence, 64.92% of the area had a medium risk, and 15.17% had a low or very low risk. Based on the employment of daily maximum rainfalls as the primary factor, an online flash flood warning model was constructed for areas with a “high” or “very high” risk of flash flood occurrence.

National threshold runoff estimation utilizing GIS in support of operational flash flood warning systems

1999 ◽  
Vol 224 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 21-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.M. Carpenter ◽  
J.A. Sperfslage ◽  
K.P. Georgakakos ◽  
T. Sweeney ◽  
D.L. Fread
Keyword(s):  
Flash Flood ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Flood Warning ◽  
Flood Warning Systems

scholarly journals Knowing what to do substantially improves the effectiveness of flood early warning

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-38
Author(s):  
Heidi Kreibich ◽  
Paul Hudson ◽  
Bruno Merz
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Success Stories ◽  
Flood Warning ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Flood Warning Systems ◽  
The Individual

AbstractFlood warning systems are longstanding success stories in respect to protecting human life, but monetary losses continue to grow. Knowledge on the effectiveness of flood early warning in reducing monetary losses is scarce, especially at the individual level. To gain more knowledge in this area, we analyze a dataset which is unique in respect to detailed information on warning reception and monetary losses at the property level and in respect to amount of data available. The dataset contains 4468 loss cases from six flood events in Germany. These floods occurred between 2002 and 2013. The data from each event was collected by computer aided telephone interviews in four surveys following a repeated cross-sectional design. We quantitatively reveal that flood early warning is only effective in reducing monetary losses when people know what to do when they receive the warning. We also show, that particularly long-term preparedness is associated with people knowing what to do when they receive a warning. Thus, risk communication, training, and (financial) support for private preparedness are effective in mitigating flood losses in two ways: through precautionary measures and more effective emergency responses.

Geomorphic Modelling Application for Geospatial Flood Hazards and Flash Flood Thresholds Forecasting

2018 ◽  
pp. 285-303
Author(s):  
Berhanu F. Alemaw
Keyword(s):  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Flood Forecasting ◽  
Flood Frequency ◽  
Flood Hazards ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Flooding Hazards ◽  
Flash Flood Guidance

In this chapter, a geomorphic modelling is presented and as a tool for geospatial flood hazard and flash flood thresholds forecasting in drainage basins. The flash flood thresholds have been estimated in terms of flash flood guidance values for the various tributary watersheds of a drainage basin considered. It has been demonstrated using the Limpopo drainage basin in southern Africa. This transboundary basin was chosen because of its importance to water supply for the growing population and water demands in its four riparian states. The basin is also subject to frequent flood and drought hazards. Even though, well established hydrological and flood frequency models do exist for flood forecasting, the purpose of this manuscript is to produce indicative flash flood guidance from a drainage basin of diverse regional development and intensive catchment land-use land cover dynamics by shading light on the geospatial portrayal of flood producing determinants. This will be important in lieu of the need for designing flood forecasting and flood early warning systems for this basin which is subject to frequent flooding hazards. Recommendations on flood forecasting and mitigation of flood hazards is provided considering the technical, human capital and institutional challenges that exist in this part of Africa.

scholarly journals Sensitivity Analysis of Flash Flood Hazard on Sediment Load Characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongxi Liu ◽  
Yujun Yi ◽  
Zhongwu Jin
Keyword(s):  
Flash Flood ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Sediment Characteristics ◽  
Hazard Management ◽  
Flood Warning ◽  
Flooding Hazard ◽  
Medium Particle ◽  
Sediment Particles ◽  
Flood Warning System

Changing climate has raised attention toward weather-driven natural hazards, such as rain-induced flash floods. The flooding model is an efficient tool used in flash flood warning and hazard management. More and more evidence showed significant impacts of sediment on hydrodynamics and flooding hazard of flash flood. But little information is available regarding flooding hazard sensitivity to sediment characteristics, which hampers the inclusion of sediment characteristics into the flash flood warning system and hazard management. This study used a 1D model to simulate flood hazards. After calibrating and validating the hydrodynamic model, we carried out simulations to test the sensitivity of flood hazard to sediment characteristics like inflow point, size distribution, and concentration. Our results showed that sediment from highly erosive slopes affects the flooding hazard more than sediment from watershed. This is particularly true when sediment particles are fine particles with a medium size of 0.06 mm. When medium particle size of sediment increased above 1 mm, most of the sediment particles are deposited in the river and we see little effect on flooding hazard downstream. Sediment concentration significantly influenced the flooding hazard but was less important than sediment inflow point and medium particle size. Our study suggested considering more characteristics than concentration when including sediment particles into the flash flood warning system.

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