scholarly journals Identifying water deficit and vegetation response during the 2009/10 drought over North China: Implications for the South-to-North Water Diversion project

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bowen Zhu ◽  
Xianhong Xie ◽  
Kang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
North China ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Water Diversion ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Area Index ◽  
North Water

Abstract. Drought frequently occurs in North China and is the most damaging disaster in this region owing to its large-scale impact on hydrology and ecosystems. This is the main reason that China implemented the world-famous South-to-North Water Diversion (SNWD) project. However, quantifying the drought-induced water deficit at a regional scale is still a significant challenge. Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites monitor temporal variations in the Earth’s gravitational potential and provide quality data sets for water storage analysis. In this study, we quantify the water deficit over North China in the context of the implementation of the SNWD project by focusing on a recent drought event, the 2009/10 drought, and identifying its onset, persistence, and recovery. As confirmed with ground-measured and land surface modelling data sets, GRACE can successfully capture temporal variations in total water storage. Total water storage shows a declining trend, reaching a low point during the 2009/10 drought with a water storage deficit of up to 25 km3 (~ 22 mm). Groundwater storage shows a similar pattern, with a trend of −6.97 mm yr−1. Together with the water deficit, vegetation growth is substantially restricted, as indicated by a reduction in the leaf area index. The amount of water transfer by the SNWD project can roughly meet the water deficit in North China but the effectiveness of the SNWD will depends on specific water configuration strategies.

scholarly journals Water storage and vegetation changes in response to the 2009/10 drought over North China

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 1618-1635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bowen Zhu ◽  
Xianhong Xie ◽  
Kang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
North China ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Water Diversion ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Drought Event ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Vegetation Growth

Abstract Drought frequently occurs in North China and is one of the most damaging disasters in this region, and drought also brings considerable challenges the world-famous South-to-North Water Diversion (SNWD) project. However, it is difficult to identify the drought-induced water deficit at a regional scale. Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites monitor temporal variations in the Earth's gravitational potential and provide quality data sets for water storage analysis. In this study, we quantify the water deficit over North China by focusing on a recent drought event, the 2009/10 drought, and identifying its onset, persistence, and recovery. The results indicate that GRACE can successfully capture temporal variations in total water storage (TWS). TWS shows a declining trend, reaching a low point during the 2009/10 drought with a water storage deficit of up to 25 km3 (∼22 mm). Groundwater storage shows a similar pattern, with a trend of −6.97 mm/yr. Together with the water deficit, vegetation growth is substantially restricted, as indicated by a reduction in the leaf area index. The amount of water transferred by the SNWD project may ease the water crises in North China.

scholarly journals Detecting Water Diversion Fingerprints in the Danjiangkou Reservoir from Satellite Gravimetry and Altimetry Data

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (16) ◽  
pp. 3510
Author(s):  
Nengfang Chao ◽  
Gang Chen ◽  
Zhicai Luo ◽  
Xiaoli Su ◽  
Zhengtao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Water Diversion ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Spatiotemporal Pattern ◽  
The South ◽  
Danjiangkou Reservoir ◽  
Water Diversion Project ◽  
North Water ◽  
And Storage

The Danjiangkou Reservoir (DJKR) is the freshwater source for the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project in China, and its water level and storage changes are important for water resource management. To maximize the potential capacity of the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission, an improved Lagrange multiplier method (ILMM) is first proposed to detect terrestrial water storage anomalies (TWSA) in the small-scale basin (DJKR). Moreover, for the first time, water diversion fingerprints are proposed to analyze the spatiotemporal pattern of the TWSA in the DJKR. The results indicate that the increased water level and storage signals due to the DJKR impoundment in 2014 can be effectively detected by using the ILMM, and they agree well with the results from altimetry and in situ data. Additionally, the water diversion fingerprints due to the DJKR impoundment are inferred, and describe the progression of spatiotemporal variability in water storage. The results show that water storage decreased in the upper Hanjiang River and increased in the DJKR as well as to the east of it during the period 2013–2015. Our research provides a scientific decision-making basis for monitoring the water resources of the DJKR and managing the South-to-North Water Diversion Project.

Paleoclimatic reconstruction studies in lake sediments: major proxies, technical evolution and database

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Bianchini ◽  
Elder Yokoyama ◽  
Luciana Prado
Keyword(s):  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Geochemical Composition

<p>Paleoclimate studies in different temporal and spatial scales provide important information on long-term statistics required to test hypotheses about climate changes. Comprehensive high-quality data sets and a solid understanding of dynamic climate processes in different temporal variations are essential to evaluate the sensitivity of the climatic system. Moreover, these data sets and dynamic analyses can help to distinguish the variability of natural and anthropogenic factors, reducing uncertainties about the magnitude and impact of future global climate changes. A common way to conduct paleoclimatic studies is through high resolution multiproxy lake sediments. Lake environments have been increasingly used in recent years to infer past fluctuations in climate, and many studies that comprise different locations and timescales demonstrate the great value of lakes as paleoclimatic archives. Because lake sediments are continental indicators sensitive to environmental changes, they can be used to reconstruct climate parameters, such as past rainfall, area management and environmental or limnological lake conditions. Changes of rainfall quantity can be recorded in lake archives by the variation of sedimentary input, which is related to changes in drainage basin and erosion rate. Beside of sedimentary input, lake sediments also exhibit physical and chemical changes in water bodies which, in turn, induce transformation in geochemical composition caused by changes in runoff or other allocated components. Thus, there is a variation in the proxies used in the studies, both in relation to the type of proxy used and the relationship used. In this context, we made a compilation of paleoclimatic studies on lake sediments (about 350 lakes), focusing on the main proxies used. Our study shows that there has been a change in the major proxies used along decades and with the emergence of new analysis techniques. In addition, we notice that lake characteristics (e.g., shape, geomorphological context, formation, etc.) have directly influence the proxies used and the quality of the information obtained. This compilation provides a database with an analysis of several lakes around the world, which can help future works and enable the identification of commonly used proxies according to the different variables that should be used, promoting more objective analyzes.</p>

Mapping Spatial and Temporal Variations of Leaf Area Index for Winter Wheat in North China

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 1437-1443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng YANG ◽  
Wen-bin WU ◽  
Hua-jun TANG ◽  
Qing-bo ZHOU ◽  
Jin-qiu ZOU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
North China ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variations ◽  
Area Index

scholarly journals Satellite signal shows storage-unloading subsidence in North China

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 6043-6075 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Moiwo ◽  
F. Tao
Keyword(s):  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
North China ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Water Diversion ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Data Products ◽  
System Data

Abstract. Worsening water storage depletion (WSD) contributes to environmental degradation, land subsidence and earthquake and could disrupt food production/security and social stability. There is need for efficient water use strategies in North China, a pivotal agrarian, industrial and political base in China with a widespread WSD. This study integrates satellite, model and field data products to investigate WSD and land subsidence in North China. In the first step, GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) mass rates are used to show WSD in the region. Next, GRACE total water storage (TWS) is corrected for soil water storage (SWS) to derive groundwater storage (GWS) using GLDAS (Global Land Data Assimilation System) data products. The derived GWS is compared with GWS obtained from field-measured groundwater level to show land subsidence in the study area. Then GPS (Global Positioning System) data of relative land surface change (LSC) are used to confirm the subsidence due to WSD. A total of ~ 96 near-consecutive months (January 2002 through December 2009) of datasets are used in the study. Based on GRACE mass rates, TWS depletion is 23.76 ± 1.74 mm yr−1 or 13.73 ± 1.01 km3 yr−1 in the 578 000 km2 study area. This is ~ 31 % of the slated 45 km3 yr−1 water delivery in 2050 via the South–North Water Diversion Project. Analysis of relative LSC shows subsidence of 7.29 ± 0.35 mm yr−1 in Beijing and 2.74 ± 0.16 mm yr−1 in North China. About 11.53 % (2.74 ± 0.18 mm or 1.58 ± 0.12 km3) of the TWS and 8.37 % (1.52 ± 0.70 mm or 0.88 ± 0.03 km3) of the GWS are attributed to storage reductions accompanying subsidence in the region. Although interpretations of the findings require caution due to the short temporal and large spatial coverage, the concurrence of WSD and land subsidence could have adverse implications for the study area. It is critical that the relevant stakeholders embark on resource-efficient measures to ensure water availability, food security, ecological sustainability and social stability in this pivotal region.

scholarly journals Downscaling GRACE total water storage change using partial least squares regression

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bramha Dutt Vishwakarma ◽  
Jinwei Zhang ◽  
Nico Sneeuw
Keyword(s):  
Water Mass ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Satellite Mission ◽  
Grace Data ◽  
Gravity Recovery ◽  
Storage Change

AbstractThe Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission recorded temporal variations in the Earth’s gravity field, which are then converted to Total Water Storage Change (TWSC) fields representing an anomaly in the water mass stored in all three physical states, on and below the surface of the Earth. GRACE provided a first global observational record of water mass redistribution at spatial scales greater than 63000 km2. This limits their usability in regional hydrological applications. In this study, we implement a statistical downscaling approach that assimilates 0.5° × 0.5° water storage fields from the WaterGAP hydrology model (WGHM), precipitation fields from 3 models, evapotranspiration and runoff from 2 models, with GRACE data to obtain TWSC at a 0.5° × 0.5° grid. The downscaled product exploits dominant common statistical modes between all the hydrological datasets to improve the spatial resolution of GRACE. We also provide open access to scripts that researchers can use to produce downscaled TWSC fields with input observations and models of their own choice.

scholarly journals Recent Developments in the Application of Water Resource Dispatching Systems in China

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Xinfeng Xiang ◽  
Lingzhong Kong ◽  
Huaiwei Sun ◽  
Xiaohui Lei ◽  
Ji Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Water Diversion ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Pearl River Basin ◽  
Total Water Consumption ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
North Water

This paper addresses recent developments in the application of water Resource dispatching systems (WRDSs) in China. Through a survey of watershed managers and a literature analysis, it was found that water diversion projects should be the top priority of water resource management by considering the recovery construction of water diversion projects. Case studies of WRDSs in the South-to-North Water Diversion (SNWD) and Pearl River Basin are discussed in this article. The results show that total water consumption management (WCM), water quality monitoring and management (WQMM), minimum discharge flow management (MDFM), and water dispatch management (WDM) modules should be considered in WRDSs. Finally, strategies and needs for resolving water resource management problems are discussed, along with other applications of WRDSs in China.

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