scholarly journals Potential of seasonal hydrological forecasting of monthly run-off volumes for the Rhone and Arve Rivers from April to July

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oriane Etter ◽  
Frédéric Jordan ◽  
Anton J. Schleiss
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Seasonal Forecast ◽  
Seasonal Forecasting ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Lead Times ◽  
Streamflow Forecasting ◽  
Rhône River ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Rhone River ◽  
The Difference

Abstract. In a context where water management is becoming increasingly important, reliable seasonal forecasting of discharge in rivers is crucial for making decisions several months in advance. This paper explores the potential of seasonal forecasting of run-off volumes produced by ensemble streamflow forecasting using past climatology and comparing it to the more commonly used average of past discharge measurements. The seasonal forecast was obtained for the Arve and Rhone rivers by simulation using the Routing System model for lead times of 30, 90 and 120 days. The initialization was performed on a validated simulation of 12 and 16 years for the Arve and Rhone rivers, respectively, obtained through long-term calibration. The performance was assessed by indicators called accuracy and thinness. The normalized mean average error (NMAE) was used to compare the performance of the seasonal forecast with the average of the past measurements. After a bias correction of the seasonal forecast of the Rhone River with the observed run-off volumes during the different lead times, the correlation of the median forecast with the measurements (accuracy) was larger than 0.55 for all lead times from April to July. The Arve River's accuracy was improved by disregarding the year 2007 member, leading to the floods of the 3rd and 9th of July, for lead times of 90 and 120 days. This resulting in the period of April to July having correlation accuracies higher than 0.5. For both rivers, the 80 % confidence interval of the seasonal forecast was relatively thin compared to the measurements (thinness) for the months of April to July. The NMAE was used to validate the range of validity of the forecast. The correction of the forecast resulted in more months being favorable for seasonal forecasting for the Rhone River. The post-processing on the Arve River decreased the difference between the measurement and the forecast (NMAE). Further investigation should concentrate on dividing the meteorological datasets to produce a strong median forecast and confidence interval

scholarly journals Effect of Process Parameters on the Generated Surface Roughness of Down-Facing Surfaces in Selective Laser Melting

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal Charles ◽  
Ahmed Elkaseer ◽  
Lore Thijs ◽  
Veit Hagenmeyer ◽  
Steffen Scholz
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Selective Laser Melting ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Lead Times ◽  
Laser Melting ◽  
Optimization Of Process Parameters ◽  
The Difference

Additive manufacturing provides a number of benefits in terms of infinite freedom to design complex parts and reduced lead-times while globally reducing the size of supply chains as it brings all production processes under one roof. However, additive manufacturing (AM) lags far behind conventional manufacturing in terms of surface quality. This proves a hindrance for many companies considering investment in AM. The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of varying process parameters on the resultant roughness of the down-facing surfaces in selective laser melting (SLM). A systematic experimental study was carried out and the effects of the interaction of the different parameters and their effect on the surface roughness (Sa) were analyzed. It was found that the interaction and interdependency between parameters were of greatest significance to the obtainable surface roughness, though their effects vary greatly depending on the applied levels. This behavior was mainly attributed to the difference in energy absorbed by the powder. Predictive process models for optimization of process parameters for minimizing the obtained Sa in 45° and 35° down-facing surface, individually, were achieved with average error percentages of 5% and 6.3%, respectively, however further investigation is still warranted.

A mesohabitat method used to assess minimum flow changes and impacts on the invertebrate and fish fauna in the Rhône River, France

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 525-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atle Harby ◽  
Jean-Michel Olivier ◽  
Sylvie Merigoux ◽  
Emmanuel Malet
Keyword(s):  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Rhône River ◽  
Minimum Flow ◽  
Rhone River ◽  
Flow Changes

scholarly journals Significant Associations of lncRNA H19 Genotypes with Susceptibility to Childhood Leukemia in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
Jen-Sheng Pei ◽  
Chao-Chun Chen ◽  
Wen-Shin Chang ◽  
Yun-Chi Wang ◽  
Jaw-Chyun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Childhood Leukemia ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Genotypic Distribution ◽  
Heterozygous Variant ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

The purpose of our study was to investigate whether genetic variations in lncRNA H19 were associated with susceptibility to childhood leukemia. Two hundred and sixty-six childhood leukemia patients and 266 healthy controls were enrolled in Taiwan, and two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs2839698 and rs217727, in H19 were genotyped and analyzed. There was a significant difference in the genotypic distribution of rs2839698 between patients and healthy controls (p = 0.0277). Compared to the wild-type CC genotype, the heterozygous variant CT and homozygous variant TT genotypes were associated with significantly increased risks of childhood leukemia with an adjusted odd ratio (OR) of 1.46 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08–2.14, p = 0.0429) and 1.94 (95%CI, 1.15–3.31, p = 0.0169), respectively (pfor tread = 0.0277). The difference in allelic frequencies between childhood leukemia patients and controls was also significant (T versus C, adjusted OR = 1.53, 95%CI, 1.13–1.79, p = 0.0077). There were no significant differences in the genotypic and allelic distributions of rs217727 between cases and controls. Interestingly, the average level of H19 rs2839698 was statistically significantly higher for patients with CT and TT genotypes than from those with the CC genotype (p < 0.0001). Our results indicate that H19 SNP rs2839698, but not rs217727, may serve as a novel susceptibility marker for childhood leukemia.

scholarly journals REVIEW OF SEASONAL CLIMATE FORECASTING FOR AGRICULTURE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES W. HANSEN ◽  
SIMON J. MASON ◽  
LIQIANG SUN ◽  
ARAME TALL
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Seasonal Forecast ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Seasonal Forecasting ◽  
Seasonal Forecasts ◽  
Climate Services ◽  
Seasonal Climate ◽  
Climate Forecasting ◽  
Probabilistic Forecasts ◽  
Sub Saharan

SUMMARYWe review the use and value of seasonal climate forecasting for agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), with a view to understanding and exploiting opportunities to realize more of its potential benefits. Interaction between the atmosphere and underlying oceans provides the basis for probabilistic forecasts of climate conditions at a seasonal lead-time, including during cropping seasons in parts of SSA. Regional climate outlook forums (RCOF) and national meteorological services (NMS) have been at the forefront of efforts to provide forecast information for agriculture. A survey showed that African NMS often go well beyond the RCOF process to improve seasonal forecast information and disseminate it to the agricultural sector. Evidence from a combination of understanding of how climatic uncertainty impacts agriculture, model-based ex-ante analyses, subjective expressions of demand or value, and the few well-documented evaluations of actual use and resulting benefit suggests that seasonal forecasts may have considerable potential to improve agricultural management and rural livelihoods. However, constraints related to legitimacy, salience, access, understanding, capacity to respond and data scarcity have so far limited the widespread use and benefit from seasonal prediction among smallholder farmers. Those constraints that reflect inadequate information products, policies or institutional process can potentially be overcome. Additional opportunities to benefit rural communities come from expanding the use of seasonal forecast information for coordinating input and credit supply, food crisis management, trade and agricultural insurance. The surge of activity surrounding seasonal forecasting in SSA following the 1997/98 El Niño has waned in recent years, but emerging initiatives, such as the Global Framework for Climate Services and ClimDev-Africa, are poised to reinvigorate support for seasonal forecast information services for agriculture. We conclude with a discussion of institutional and policy changes that we believe will greatly enhance the benefits of seasonal forecasting to agriculture in SSA.

Use of to trace origin and cycling of inorganic carbon in the Rhône river system

1999 ◽  
Vol 159 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 87-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Aucour ◽  
Simon M.F. Sheppard ◽  
Olivier Guyomar ◽  
Jérôme Wattelet
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
River System ◽  
Rhône River ◽  
Rhone River

scholarly journals Temporal trends of legacy and novel brominated flame retardants in sediments along the Rhône River corridor in France

Chemosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 271 ◽  
pp. 129889
Author(s):  
Sophia Vauclin ◽  
Brice Mourier ◽  
André-Marie Dendievel ◽  
Philippe Marchand ◽  
Anaïs Vénisseau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Brominated Flame Retardants ◽  
Rhône River ◽  
Rhone River ◽  
River Corridor

scholarly journals Fluorescence and absorption properties of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in coastal surface waters of the northwestern Mediterranean Sea, influence of the Rhône River

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 4083-4103 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Para ◽  
P. G. Coble ◽  
B. Charrière ◽  
M. Tedetti ◽  
C. Fontana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
River Plumes ◽  
Rhône River ◽  
Rhone River ◽  
Northwestern Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Northwestern Mediterranean

Abstract. Seawater samples were collected monthly in surface waters (2 and 5 m depths) of the Bay of Marseilles (northwestern Mediterranean Sea; 5°17'30" E, 43°14'30" N) during one year from November 2007 to December 2008 and studied for total organic carbon (TOC) as well as chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) optical properties (absorbance and fluorescence). The annual mean value of surface CDOM absorption coefficient at 350 nm [aCDOM(350)] was very low (0.10 ± 0.02 m−1) in comparison to values usually found in coastal waters, and no significant seasonal trend in aCDOM(350) could be determined. By contrast, the spectral slope of CDOM absorption (SCDOM) was significantly higher (0.023 ± 0.003 nm−1) in summer than in fall and winter periods (0.017 ± 0.002 nm−1), reflecting either CDOM photobleaching or production in surface waters during stratified sunny periods. The CDOM fluorescence, assessed through excitation emission matrices (EEMs), was dominated by protein-like component (peak T; 1.30–21.94 QSU) and marine humic-like component (peak M; 0.55–5.82 QSU), while terrestrial humic-like fluorescence (peak C; 0.34–2.99 QSU) remained very low. This reflected a dominance of relatively fresh material from biological origin within the CDOM fluorescent pool. At the end of summer, surface CDOM fluorescence was very low and strongly blue shifted, reinforcing the hypothesis of CDOM photobleaching. Our results suggested that unusual Rhône River plume eastward intrusion events might reach Marseilles Bay within 2–3 days and induce local phytoplankton blooms and subsequent fluorescent CDOM production (peaks M and T) without adding terrestrial fluorescence signatures (peaks C and A). Besides Rhône River plumes, mixing events of the entire water column injected relative aged (peaks C and M) CDOM from the bottom into the surface and thus appeared also as an important source of CDOM in surface waters of the Marseilles Bay. Therefore, the assessment of CDOM optical properties, within the hydrological context, pointed out several biotic (in situ biological production, biological production within Rhône River plumes) and abiotic (photobleaching, mixing) factors controlling CDOM transport, production and removal in this highly urbanized coastal area.

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