scholarly journals Hydrological dynamics of water sources in a Mediterranean lagoon

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 7229-7253
Author(s):  
C. Stumpp ◽  
A. Ekdal ◽  
I. E. Gönenc ◽  
P. Maloszewski
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Marine Water ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Over Time

Abstract. Lagoons are important ecosystems occupying large coastal areas worldwide. Lagoons contain various mixtures of marine and freshwater sources which are highly dynamic in time. However, it often remains a challenge to identify and quantify dynamic changes of water sources, particularly in heterogeneous lagoon systems like the Köycegiz-Dalyan Lagoon (KDL), which is located at the southwest of Turkey on the Mediterranean Sea coast. The objective of this study was to quantify different contributions of potential water sources i.e. surface water, groundwater and seawater in the lagoon and how these water sources changed over time and space. In the wet and dry season stable isotopes of water, chloride concentration (Cl-) and salinity were measured in two depths in the lagoon and surrounding water bodies (sea, lake, groundwater). Different components of water sources were quantified with a three component endmember mixing analysis. Differences in Cl- and stable isotopes over time indicated the dynamic behaviour of the system. Generally, none of the groundwater samples was impacted by water of the Mediterranean Sea. During the wet season, most of the lagoon water (>95%) was influenced by freshwater and vertically well mixed. During the dry season, high Cl- in the deeper sampling locations indicated a high contribution of marine water throughout the entire lagoon system due to salt water intrusion. However, a distinct layering in the lagoon was obvious from low Cl- and depleted isotope contents close to the surface supporting freshwater inflow into the system even during the dry season. Besides temporal dynamics also spatial heterogeneities were identified. Changes in water sources were most evident in the main lagoon channel compared to more isolate lagoon lakes, which were influenced by marine water even in the wet season, and compared to side branches indicating slower turnover times. We found that environmental tracers helped to quantify contributions of different water sources in the Köycegiz-Dalyan Lagoon which is a highly dynamic and heterogeneous groundwater dependent ecosystem.

scholarly journals Hydrological dynamics of water sources in a Mediterranean lagoon

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 4825-4837 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Stumpp ◽  
A. Ekdal ◽  
I. E. Gönenc ◽  
P. Maloszewski
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Marine Water ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Over Time

Abstract. Lagoons are important ecosystems occupying large coastal areas worldwide. Lagoons contain various mixtures of marine and freshwater sources which are highly dynamic in time. However, it often remains a challenge to identify and quantify dynamic changes of water sources, particularly in heterogeneous lagoon systems like the Köycegiz–Dalyan lagoon (KDL), which is located at the south-west of Turkey on the Mediterranean Sea coast. The objective of this study was to quantify different contributions of potential water sources i.e. surface water, groundwater and seawater in the lagoon and how these water sources changed over time and space. In the wet- and dry-season stable isotopes of water, chloride concentration (Cl-) and salinity were measured in two depths in the lagoon and surrounding water bodies (sea, lake, groundwater). Different components of water sources were quantified with a three component endmember mixing analysis. Differences in Cl- and stable isotopes over time indicated the dynamic behaviour of the system. Generally, none of the groundwater samples was impacted by water of the Mediterranean Sea. During the wet season, most of the lagoon water (> 95%) was influenced by freshwater and vertically well mixed. During the dry season, high Cl- in the deeper sampling locations indicated a high contribution of marine water throughout the entire lagoon system due to saltwater intrusion. However, a distinct layering in the lagoon was obvious from low Cl- and depleted isotope contents close to the surface supporting freshwater inflow into the system even during the dry season. Besides temporal dynamics also spatial heterogeneities were identified. Changes in water sources were most evident in the main lagoon channel compared to more isolate lagoon lakes, which were influenced by marine water even in the wet season, and compared to side branches indicating slower turnover times. We found that environmental tracers helped to quantify highly dynamic and heterogeneous contributions of different water sources in the Köycegiz–Dalyan lagoon.

scholarly journals The Identification of Iran’s Moisture Sources Using a Lagrangian Particle Dispersion Model

Atmosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Heydarizad ◽  
Ezzat Raeisi ◽  
Rogert Sori ◽  
Luis Gimeno
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Arabian Sea ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Particle Dispersion ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Moisture Sources ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Persian Gulf

Iran has faced many water shortage crises in the past. Iran’s moisture sources for precipitation were identified by Lagrangian approach using the FLEXible PARTicle dispersion model (FLEXPART) v9.0 model. The results demonstrate that Iran receives its moisture from both continental and oceanic sources. During the wet season, moisture uptake from the Arabian Sea, the Persian Gulf, and the Mediterranean Sea is dominant, while during the dry season, the role of the Red Sea, the Caspian Sea, and the Persian Gulf is intensified. Studying drought conditions by comparing 1-month, 6-month, and 12-month standardized precipitation index (SPI) with (E-P) values of oceanic and continental moisture sources (E stands for the evaporation and P the precipitation) using multiregression model demonstrates that among oceanic sources the Arabian Sea, the Persian Gulf, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Indian Ocean affect SPI values and among continental sources, moisture from bare grounds and cultivated lands influences SPI values during wet season. However, no correlation exists between oceanic and continental (E-P) and SPI values during the dry season. The results obtained by this study can be used by meteorologists and hydrology scientists for future water management programmes in Iran.

Seasonal Variation in Bee-Plant Interactions in an Inselberg in the Atlantic Forest in Southeastern Brazil

Sociobiology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelita França Marques ◽  
Mariana Scaramussa Deprá ◽  
Maria Cristina Gaglianone
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Interaction Network ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Floral Resources ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Bee Plant

Studies on bee-plant interactions are relevant to the understanding of temporal patterns in neotropical communities. In isolated habitats such as inselbergs little is yet known about the temporal dynamics in the availability of fl oral resources and interacting bee. In the present study, the objective is to verify the eff ect of seasonality on the bee-plant interaction in an Atlantic Forest inselberg in southeastern Brazil. The bees were sampled monthly in the dry (April/2008-September/2008) and wet seasons (October/2008-March/2009) using an entomological net. A total of 322 bees of 33 species were captured on fl owers of 34 species of plants during the year. Bees richness was similar between seasons (22 species in the wet season and 21 in the dry season), but abundance was higher in the wet season (60% of individuals) and higher diversity occurred in the dry season. Augochloropsis sp1 were the most abundant species and visited the largest number of plant species at each season. In the interaction network, plants with the highest degree were distinct between the seasons. The number of possible interactions was higher in the dry season compared to the wet season and connectance was similar; nestedness however varied between the seasons. The composition of plant and bees species was distinct between the seasons, as well as the interactions between them, mainly due to the alteration in the composition of the plant species and the change in the choice of the bees for the floral resources between the seasons.

scholarly journals Time-series of tritium, stable isotopes and chloride reveal short-term variations in groundwater contribution to a stream

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 8035-8089 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Duvert ◽  
M. K. Stewart ◽  
D. I. Cendón ◽  
M. Raiber
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Highly Nonlinear ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
Over Time

Abstract. A major limitation to the accurate assessment of streamwater transit time (TT) stems from the use of stable isotopes or chloride as hydrological tracers, because these tracers are blind to older contributions. Also, while catchment processes are highly non-stationary, the importance of temporal dynamics in older water TT has often been overlooked. In this study we used lumped convolution models to examine time-series of tritium, stable isotopes and chloride in rainfall, streamwater and groundwater of a catchment located in subtropical Australia. Our objectives were to assess the different contributions to streamflow and their variations over time, and to understand the relationships between streamwater TT and groundwater residence time. Stable isotopes and chloride provided consistent estimates of TT in the upstream part of the catchment. A young component to streamflow was identified that was partitioned into quickflow (mean TT ≈ 2 weeks) and discharge from the fractured igneous rocks forming the headwaters (mean TT ≈ 0.3 years). The use of tritium was beneficial for determining an older contribution to streamflow in the downstream area. The best fits were obtained for a mean TT of 16–25 years for this older groundwater component. This was significantly lower than the residence time calculated for the alluvial aquifer feeding the stream downstream (≈ 76–102 years), outlining the fact that water exiting the catchment and water stored in it had distinctive age distributions. When simulations were run separately on each tritium streamwater sample, the TT of old water fraction varied substantially over time, with values averaging 17 ± 6 years at low flow and 38 ± 15 years after major recharge events. This was interpreted as the flushing out of deeper, older waters shortly after recharge by the resulting pressure wave propagation. Overall, this study shows the usefulness of collecting tritium data in streamwater to document short-term variations in the older component of the TT distribution. Our results also shed light on the complex relationships between stored water and water in transit, which are highly nonlinear and remain poorly understood.

scholarly journals Occurrence ofBlastocystissp. in water catchments at Malay villages and Aboriginal settlement during wet and dry seasons in Peninsular Malaysia

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samseh Abdullah Noradilah ◽  
Ii Li Lee ◽  
Tengku Shahrul Anuar ◽  
Fatmah Md Salleh ◽  
Siti Nor Azreen Abdul Manap ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
River Water Samples ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Wet And Dry Seasons

In the tropics, there are too few studies on isolation ofBlastocystissp. subtypes from water sources; in addition, there is also an absence of reported studies on the occurrence ofBlastocystissp. subtypes in water during different seasons. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the occurrence ofBlastocystissp. subtypes in river water and other water sources that drained aboriginal vicinity of highly endemic intestinal parasitic infections during wet and dry seasons. Water samples were collected from six sampling points of Sungai Krau (K1–K6) and a point at Sungai Lompat (K7) and other water sources around the aboriginal villages. The water samples were collected during both seasons, wet and dry seasons. Filtration of the water samples were carried out using a flatbed membrane filtration system. The extracted DNA from concentrated water sediment was subjected to single round polymerase chain reaction and positive PCR products were subjected to sequencing. All samples were also subjected to filtration and cultured on membrane lactose glucuronide agar for the detection of faecal coliforms. During wet season,Blastocystissp. ST1, ST2 and ST3 were detected in river water samples.Blastocystissp. ST3 occurrence was sustained in the river water samples during dry season. HoweverBlastocystissp. ST1 and ST2 were absent during dry season. Water samples collected from various water sources showed contaminations ofBlastocystissp. ST1, ST2, ST3 and ST4, during wet season andBlastocystissp. ST1, ST3, ST8 and ST10 during dry season. Water collected from all river sampling points during both seasons showed growth ofEscherichia coli and Enterobacter aerogenes, indicating faecal contamination. In this study,Blastocystissp. ST3 is suggested as the most robust and resistant subtype able to survive in any adverse environmental condition. Restriction and control of human and animal faecal contaminations to the river and other water sources shall prevent the transmission ofBlastocystissp. to humans and animals in this aboriginal community.

scholarly journals Evaluating the contribution of aestivation to the persistence of malaria mosquitoes through the Sahelian dry season using stable isotopes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Faiman ◽  
Alpha SEYDOU YARO ◽  
Adama Dao ◽  
Zana L Sanogo ◽  
Moussa Diallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Model ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Mixed Population ◽  
Anopheles Coluzzii ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Anopheles Mosquitoes ◽  
Partial Overlap ◽  
Persistence Strategies ◽  
Malaria Mosquitoes ◽  
Over Time

Data suggests the malaria vector Anopheles coluzzii persists in the Sahel by dry-season aestivation though evidence is scant. We have marked Anopheles mosquitoes using deuterium (2H) to assess the contribution of aestivation to persistence of mosquitoes through the seven-month dry season. If local aestivation is the only way A. coluzzii persists, the frequency of marked mosquitoes should remain stable throughout, whereas finding no marked mosquitoes would be evidence against aestivation. Larval sites were spiked with 2H at the end of the 2017 wet season in two Sahelian villages in Mali. We monitored 2H-enriched populations until the onset of rains. By the end of the enrichment period, 33% of A. coluzzii mosquitoes were clearly marked. Expectedly, 2H levels in marked mosquitoes degraded over time, resulting in a partial overlap of the marked and non-marked 2H distributions. We utilized three methods to estimate the fraction of marked mosquitoes in the population. Seven months after enrichment, 7% of the population had 2H values above the highest pre-enrichment value. An excess of 21% exceeded the 3rd quartile of the pre-enrichment population. A finite mixed population model showed 2.5% represented a subpopulation of marked mosquitoes with elevated 2H, compatible with our predictions. We provide evidence that aestivation is a major persistence mechanism of A. coluzzii in the Sahel, contributing at least 20% of the adults at the onset of rains, suggesting A. coluzzii utilizes multiple persistence strategies enabling its populations rapid buildup, facilitating subsequent malaria resurgence. These may complicate vector control and malaria elimination campaigns.

Two new species of the marine water mite family Pontarachnidae (Acari: Hydrachnidia) from the Gulf of Antalya, Turkey

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4531 (2) ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
FURKAN DURUCAN ◽  
TAPAS CHATTERJEE ◽  
VLADIMIR PEŠIĆ
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Marine Water ◽  
Water Mite ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Mite Family

Two new species of the marine water mite family Pontarachnidae, i.e., Litarachna enigmatica and L. antalyaensis are described from the Gulf of Antalya, Turkey. Litarachna enigmatica is unique in the postgenital sclerite having a pair of so-called wheel-like acetabula, a character so far found only in the females of Pontarachna. Litarachna antalyaensis is the second known species of the L. duboscqi—species group characterized by the absence of a ventral tubercle on P-2 and presence of a ventral tubercle on P-4, from the Mediterranean Sea. The new species can be separated from the widely distributed L. duboscqi in the glandularium-like structure posterior to the fourth coxal plates not fused with adjoining coxoglandularia 4. 

scholarly journals Coinage of the Cilician Cities as a Mirror of Historical and Cultural Changes (V c. BCE – III c. CE)

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 113-135
Author(s):  
Edward Dąbrowa
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Taurus Mountains ◽  
Religious Influences ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Local Traditions ◽  
Archaeological Excavations ◽  
Over Time

In antiquity Cilicia was a small but important area. The geographical setting, between the Taurus Mountains, the Mediterranean Sea and Anatolia, and the fact that territory of Cilicia was crossed by several routes connecting Anatolia with the Mediterranean sea shore and Syria determined its strategic significance. The geography of the area held importance for its cultural development as well. The northern part of Cilicia, Cilicia Aspera, was mountainous, sparsely populated and poorly urbanized; cities were few and located mainly on the seashore. The southern part, Cilicia Pedias, was much more prosperous and intensively urbanized. Its location made it a bridge for various cultural and religious influences coming from neighboring countries, but also an object of their expansion. Both parts of Cilicia experienced governance of many powers: Achaemenid Persia, local rulers, Hellenistic kings, and the Romans. Each of them left own political and cultural imprint on the area. Effects of this cultural mixture are clearly visible in archaeological excavations and in many types of artefacts. Another type of evidence which reflects the complicated past of Cilicia is also available: numismatic evidence. There are a few Cilician cities in which coins were minted from the Achaemenid times to the Roman Empire. This paper attempts to look into the iconography of their coinage and analyze political and religious symbols and their subjects of depiction. The aim is to find out how specific powers ruling over cities influenced local traditions, what were the remnants of those, and how they eventually evolved over time.

scholarly journals Aplicabilidade do modelo matemático SAD-IPH na análise de processos de outorga: o caso da Bacia do Ribeirão Taquaruçu

2021 ◽  
pp. 208-234
Author(s):  
FERNÁN VERGARA ◽  
◽  
VIVIANE CHIESA ◽  
CECILIA COSTA ◽  
ROBERTA OLIVEIRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Mathematical Tool ◽  
Water Utility ◽  
Local Water ◽  
Over Time

In order to issue a water permit, which allows abstraction of water in a given place, the issuer needs to make sure, based on the hydrology of the region, that the amount of water available in the water body is sufficient to meet not only the demand associated with the required entitlement, but also all the existing demands from other users in the basin. This paper aims at evaluating the usefulness of the SAD-IPH mathematical model to simulate water demand scenarios in the Ribeirão Taquaruçu basin, located in the city of Palmas, state of Tocantins. Simulations provided by the SAD-IPH model indicate that the balance between water availability and demand is already critical in some parts of the basin, especially during the dry season, and the situation worsens over time. These results clearly suggest the local water utility needs to search for new water sources to meet the growing demand, mainly during the dry season. Results show the mathematical tool used in the analysis provides new and valuable information to decision makers (water resources institutions and river basin committees), potentially reducing the risk of making bad decisions. Additionally, as a water security measure, it is crucial to enforce the preservation of sensitive areas in the watershed because there is already an intense occupation in preserved areas next to water sources, a process that is likely to result in water yield reduction, which combined with an increase in the water demand over time, will compromise water security.

scholarly journals The shifting distribution of Mediterranean fishes: a spatio-temporal assessment based on Local Ecological Knowledge .

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto Azzurro ◽  
Valerio Sbragaglia ◽  
Jacopo Cerri ◽  
Michel Bariche ◽  
Luca Bolognini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Local Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Spatio Temporal

A major problem worldwide is the rapid change in species abundance and distribution, which is rapidly restructuring the biological communities of many ecosystems under changing climates. Tracking these transformations in the marine environment is crucial but our understanding is often hampered by the absence of historical data and by the practical challenge of survey large geographical areas. Here we focus on the Mediterranean Sea, a region which is warming faster than the rest of the global ocean, tracing back the spatio-temporal dynamic of species, which are emerging the most in terms of increasing abundances and expanding distributions. To this aim, we accessed the Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) of small-scale and recreational fishers reconstructing the dynamics of fish perceived as ‘new’ or increasing in different fishing area. Over 500 fishers across 95 locations and 9 different countries were interviewed and semi-quantitative information on yearly changes in species abundance was collected. Overall, 75 species were mentioned by the respondents, being the most frequent citations related to warm-adapted species of both, native and exotic origin. Respondents belonging to the same biogeographic sectors described coherent spatio-temporal dynamics, and gradients along latitudinal and longitudinal axes were revealed. This information provides a more complete understanding of recent bio-geographical changes in the Mediterranean Sea and it also demonstrates that adequately structured LEK methodology might be applied successfully beyond the local scale, across national borders and jurisdictions. Acknowledging this potential through macro-regional coordination, could pave the ground for future large-scale aggregations of individual observations, increasing our potential for integrated monitoring and conservation planning at the regional or even global level.

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