scholarly journals Historical maps and landscape analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Vladimir Kušan ◽  
Stjepan Husnjak ◽  
Tena Birov ◽  
Ivona Žiža
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Landscape Analysis ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Historical Maps ◽  
Landscape Development ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Nature Park ◽  
Micro Level

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Landscape is a result of natural assets and human work for a long period of time. During that time natural assets are changed by human activities. The most of our surrounding are cultural landscapes as a result of human presence. The main way to study the landscapes is spatial analysis within landscape analysis. Description and investigation of nowadays status of landscapes is not difficult. Understanding the way of landscape development is very difficult because of the lack of data, especially spatial data.</p><p>Usage of historical maps is the appropriate method of understanding landscape development through past times. For that procedure historical maps should be georeferenced. In this work the examples of georeferencing historical maps from First and Second Military Mapping Survey of Austrian Empire are presented. The usage of georeferenced historical maps was used for the preparation of land use maps for different periods and land use changes analyses. Those changes were used in landscape analyses for the investigation of development of built up areas and hydrological features in the city of Zagreb as well as investigation of authenticity of the areas of the Park of Nature Lonjsko Polje.</p><p>The aim of the project was to prove that the landscape in the area of Lonjsko polje has not changed significantly over the last 250 years. For the area of Lonjsko polje Nature Park, an analysis of landscape authenticity was carried out. As there were no methods for evaluating landscape authenticity, we decided to analyze the changes in land use by size and spatial distribution for the last 250 years. For this purpose, we used Austro-Hungarian military maps from 1765. The maps, covering the Nature Park were scanned and georeferenced. Digitalisation of 6 main land use classes (settlements, arable land, forests, seminatural areas, mostly grasslands, marshes and waters) was performed and the land use map in a scale 1&amp;thinsp;:&amp;thinsp;25.000 was produced.</p><p>The land use map for 2005, with accuracy of the map in a scale 1&amp;thinsp;:&amp;thinsp;25.000, was made using CORINE methodology. Orthorectified satellite images (Aster) were vectorised on screen into the same 6 land use classes as the old map. To evaluate the changes between these two maps the union operation was made, and land use flow analysis was performed. The largest surface of the changes occurred in 9 types of changes, with the largest changes being made to the category of grass vegetation that is changed into forests, agricultural land or the swamp. The second largest change was experienced in forests that were changed into agricultural land, grass vegetation or water. The third category that has undergone major changes is the category of swamps that were changed into forests, grass vegetation or agricultural land. Other types of changes took part in the total area with less than 1% and are not significant any more than the difference in the changes that may have arisen due to cartographic inaccuracies created by georeferencing of the old map.</p><p>The land use structure as a landscape element was analyzed on the macro level within squares of 10&amp;thinsp;km&amp;thinsp;&amp;times;&amp;thinsp;10&amp;thinsp;km and at a micro level within squares of 2&amp;thinsp;km&amp;thinsp;&amp;times;&amp;thinsp;2&amp;thinsp;km. Changes in the structure of the land use practice exists but are not significant either on macro level or at the micro level. Thus, changes on macro level are the result of human activities (changes in agricultural areas) and at the micro level changes are more a result of natural processes (succession / regression of vegetation).</p><p>Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that changes in land use patterns over the last 250 years exist and are the result of human activities to a small extent or natural processes for the most part. When considering the significance of the changes, it should always have in mind that historical military maps could not be fully integrated into the valid cartographic system. Cartographic inaccuracies created by georeferencing the old map generate changes of small size that should not be considered.</p>

scholarly journals ORGANIZATION OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL LAND USE BASED ON LANDSCAPE ANALYSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-348
Author(s):  
Vladimir TATARINTSEV ◽  
◽  
Leonid TATARINTSEV ◽  
Alex MATSYURA ◽  
Andrei BONDAROVICH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Landscape Analysis ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Agricultural Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Erosion Processes

The aim of the work was the landscape analysis of agricultural geographical landscapes in the Altai Territory and elaboration of measures aimed at the rational use of agricultural lands. Environmental and landscape (landscape) approach became the main method of scientific research used in the analysis of modern agricultural landscapes. The cartographic method, using GIS-technologies, made it possible to digitize the obtained materials. Synthesized maps of agro-ecological, natural and other zoning of territories are based on topographic, soil, geobotanical and other thematic maps made during land surveying during the field survey. Retrospective analysis, induction and deduction methods,analysis and synthesis, as well as the abstract-logic method were also used in the work. Our main result was the analysis of land use territory for agricultural enterprise in municipal district of Altai Krai. Exploration of lands indicates a pronounced plant-growing specialization of JSC “Pobeda” with a developed animal breeding direction. Limiting factors affecting the rational use of land are natural and climatic conditions, terrain,unsystematic anthropogenic activity and, as a result, the development of erosion processes. The degree of eroded and deflated arable land is more than 50%, hay and pasture lands are also very unstable. Landscapes have been typified, based on which eleven types of land have been identified and their geomorphological description has been carried out. The first five types of land can be used for agricultural production with limitations compensated by crop technology and erosion control measures, the sixth and seventh types require grassing and, in some cases,conservation, the eighth and ninth types can be partially used for pasture and area valorization; the remaining two are not suitable for agricultural use but should be potentially used for planting and forest management. As a result of the presented transformation of agricultural lands, the structure of cultivated areas has changed. The area of arable land decreased by 877 ha, and of pastures by 365 ha,while the area under hayfields, fallow lands, and forest lands increased by 295, 191, and 875 ha respectively. Low-productive lands were withdrawn from agriculture. We suggested that the sustainability of agricultural land use was mainly caused by the reduction of anthropogenic load and increase in ecological equilibrium of the territory.

scholarly journals Agriculture Land Use Change and Demographic Change in Response to Decline Suspended Sediment in Južna Morava River Basin (Serbia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3130
Author(s):  
Sanja Manojlović ◽  
Mikica Sibinović ◽  
Tanja Srejić ◽  
Abosa Hadud ◽  
Ibrahim Sabri
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Sediment Load ◽  
Morava River ◽  
Morava River Basin

This study expounds the dynamic relationships among agricultural land-use change, rural population migration, and sediment transport. The variability of suspended sediment load was detected by Mann–Kendall and Pettitt tests. From 1961 to 2007, the annual trend in suspended sediment concentration and sediment load demonstrated significant reduction (α = 0.001), with decreasing rates of 0.0144 g/L/y and 84.7 t/y, respectively. An abrupt change-point was detected in 1984 for the sediment load (p = 0.0001). The double-mass curve method and regression analysis of sediment load versus precipitation were used to quantify the effects of climate change and human activities on sediment load variations. The changes in sediment load were predominantly impacted by human activities (89%), while precipitation explained 11% of the reduction in suspended sediment. An important land-use change recorded in the Južna Morava river basin comprised the abandonment of agricultural lands due to depopulation processes, as well as economic and social changes, which was followed by significant impacts on soil erosion and sediment transport. Land abandonment was most pronounced in marginal mountain or semi-mountainous areas, where agriculture was until recent decades traditional or semi-traditional. The results of the correlation matrix were significant at the p < 0.05 level, demonstrating that the decrease of rural population, agricultural land, and arable land were directly related to the decline of suspended sediment. High correlation coefficients were found between anthropogenic indicators and sediment parameters, ranging from 0.94 to 0.97.

scholarly journals Land Use Changes in Turkish Territories: Patterns, Directions and Socio-Economic Impacts on Territorial Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-122
Author(s):  
Sema Yılmaz Genç ◽  
Arian Behradfar ◽  
Rui Alexandre Castanho ◽  
Derviş Kırıkkaleli ◽  
José Manuel Naranjo Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Regional Governance ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Landuse Change

Human activities have been changing the Earth's cover at an unparalleled scale. In this regard, and cover mapping is a decisive advantage for several kinds of research. Also, the outcomes from these investigations could be applied to plan a sustainable regional governance policy. This article studied land-use changes in the Turkish Territories in 1990, 2000, 2012, and 2018 using the Coordination of Information on the Environment (CORINE) data. The results showed a significant and gradual land-use change from agricultural to mostly artificial surfaces. The majority of land-use changes are related to industrial and commercial units and construction sites. The most degraded agricultural land uses are non-irrigated arable land and pastures, while there is an increasing trend in permanently irrigated land. This study's outcome can be considered a surveying baseline for the comparative analysis of similar works for different land-use change trends in Europe or worldwide. Landuse change studies are reliable tools to evaluate the human activities and footprint of proposed strategies and policies in a territory. This article also enables us to understand that Turkey's decisive actors should design development policies to encourage industrial investments and agricultural ventures in Turkey and adapt the land-use/land cover strategies to mitigate agricultural land fragmentation.

scholarly journals Sources, Spatial Distribution and Extent of Heavy Metals in Relation to Land Use, Lithology and Landform in Fuzhou City, China

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1325
Author(s):  
Terefe Hanchiso Sodango ◽  
Xiaomei Li ◽  
Jinming Sha ◽  
Jiali Shang ◽  
Zhongcong Bao
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Agricultural Land Use ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Cu And Zn

Assessing the spatial distribution of soil heavy metals in urban areas in relation to land use, lithology and landform may provide insights for soil quality monitoring. This study evaluated the spatial distribution, the sources and the extent of heavy metal(loid)s in the topsoil of Fuzhou city, China. A combination of GIS and multivariate approaches was used to determine the spatial distribution and the sources of heavy metals. Additionally, analysis of variance was used to determine the variability of selected heavy metals across land use, landform, and lithology. The result show that the mean concentrations of Cd, Zn, As and Pb were higher than background values. Most of the heavy metals had significant correlations with each other. In particular, V and Fe (0.84 at p < 0.01) and Ni and Cr (0.74 at p < 0.01) had strong correlations, while Cu and Fe (0.68 at p < 0.01), Cu and V (0.63 at p < 0.01), Cu and Co (0.52 at p < 0.01), Zn and Ni (0.51 at p < 0.01), Co and Fe (0.54 at p < 0.01), and Cu and Zn (0.55 at p < 0.01) had moderate correlations. Arsenic, Cu, and Zn had significant positive correlations with total nitrogen (TN). Similarly, arsenic, Zn and Cr had positive correlations with total carbon (TC), while Co had negative correlations with TN and TC at p < 0.01. The peak values for Cr, Ni, Pb, Mn, and Zn were observed in the intensively urbanized central and eastern parts of the study area, suggesting that the main sources might be anthropogenic activities. Agricultural land use had the highest content of Cd, which may be attributed to the historical long-term application of agrochemicals in the area. Additionally, its content was significantly higher in agricultural land use with shale lithology, implying that shale lithology was a key geogenic source for Cd of soils in the study area. Pb content was affected by urban land use, which may be attributed to intensive human activities such as emissions from vehicles, industrial effluents, mining activities, and other discharges. The results show the high spatial variability of heavy metal(loid)s, implying that the soils in the study area were highly influenced by both geogenic variability and human activities. Moreover, land use and lithology had significant impacts on the variability of Cd, As and Pb. Sustainable agricultural practices and urban management are recommended to sustain the eco-environment of coastal city.

scholarly journals Land Use Change Trends and Their Driving Forces in the Kilombero Valley Floodplain, Southeastern Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nangware Msofe ◽  
Lianxi Sheng ◽  
James Lyimo
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Geological Survey ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Kilombero Valley

Land use change (LUC) driven by human activities and natural factors has resulted in the global loss of native biodiversity and the alteration of ecological processes and services across different ecosystems. It is thus necessary to analyze the trends and driving factors that influence land use changes. In this study, moderate resolution Landsat images were freely downloaded from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) archives, analyzed using the random forest (RF) algorithm and mapped in ArcGIS 10.2 software to examine the LUC trends from 1990 to 2016 in the Kilombero valley floodplain (KVFP), Tanzania. Participatory rural appraisals (PRA) and household questionnaire surveys were used to assess the potential drivers of LUC. The results show that, from 1990 to 2016, the agricultural land and grassland increased by 11.3% and 13.3%, respectively, while the floodplain wetland area decreased from 4.6% in 1990 to 0.9% in 2016. Based on a questionnaire survey, the intensification of human activities was identified as the proximate driver while population growth, a growing market demand and price incentives for agricultural and forest products coupled with improved infrastructure and biophysical factors such as soil properties, climate variability and terrain characteristics were identified as the underlying drivers of LUC. However, there is interplay among these factors acting simultaneously as well as differently that influence land use changes. Based on these findings, future sustainable land management strategies should include the introduction of the alternative environmentally friendly sources of livelihood, such as beekeeping, the promotion of community participation and education on the importance of sustainable wetland management.

scholarly journals Formation of Gully Erosion in the Myjava Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Radovan Nosko ◽  
Marcela Maliariková ◽  
Adam Brziak ◽  
Martin Kubáň
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Gully Erosion ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Significant Problem ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Historical Maps ◽  
Significant Factors

Abstract The article deals with the problems of the occurrence and formation of gully erosion in the Myjava catchment. Gully erosion is a significant problem in that region of Slovakia. Together with this type of soil erosion, muddy floods, waste ground, economic losses in agriculture, and many other problems are involved. The main objectives of this article are an analysis of the occurrence of gully erosion in the Myjava region in different periods of time and identification of the most significant factors that have impacted the formation of the gully network. The appearance of gully erosion has been identified from historical maps and other historical documents preserved from the region. The factors analysed were mainly human activities that resulted in changes in land use and physical-geographic catchment characteristics such as the soil, the geology, and the morphology. Nowadays, we are seriously lagging behind in dealing with this issue compared to other European countries.

scholarly journals IMPLICATION OF FARMING CULTURE CHANGES ON FARMHOUSES IN NGADAS VILLAGE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Dian Kartika Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Shifting Cultivation ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agricultural Land Use ◽  
Observation Methods ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Cultural Features

People in Ngadas Village have enough time to live in their fields. Therefore, the community build farmhouses to help farming activities. However, as an agricultural landscape, cultivation in Ngadas Village has various dynamics. Changes that occur in the agricultural landscape can be traced through agricultural features formed by the type of agricultural land use. In addition, it can be traced through cultural features that are the result of interactions between human activities and the environment such as farms. Therefore, this study aims to find out the implications of agricultural features on cultural features, especially space in house-fields. The in-depth interview and observation methods were conducted to identify, then the data obtained were analyzed by synchronous and diachronic methods. So, the changes that occur can be determined descriptively. The results of the study show that the culture of shifting cultivation that has become permanent causes the fields to develop along with the changes in the plants planted, the addition of activities and intensity of plant care. More fixed location of the farm more developed and permanent houses has been built.  More activities carried out in the fields and the higher the intensity of plant care, the wider and more space needed for the fields.

Climate Change and Land Use Change of Rural Households in The Red River Delta, Vietnam

2013 ◽  
pp. 79-94
Author(s):  
Ngoc Luu Bich
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Red River ◽  
Red River Delta ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Main Production ◽  
Farming Households

Climate change (CC) and its impacts on the socio-economy and the development of communities has become an issue causing very special concern. The rise in global temperatures, in sea levels, extreme weather phenomena, and salinization have occurred more and more and have directly influenced the livelihoods of rural households in the Red River Delta – one of the two regions projected to suffer strongly from climate change in Vietnam. For farming households in this region, the major and traditional livelihoods are based on main production materials as agricultural land, or aquacultural water surface Changes in the land use of rural households in the Red River Delta during recent times was influenced strongly by the Renovation policy in agriculture as well as the process of industrialization and modernization in the country. Climate change over the past 5 years (2005-2011) has started influencing household land use with the concrete manifestations being the reduction of the area cultivated and the changing of the purpose of land use.

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