scholarly journals The digital cartographic reconstruction of the 1897 ‘Mátra Guide’ (Hungary)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Edina Hajdú ◽  
Márton Pál
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Topographic Maps ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Heritage Preservation ◽  
Habsburg Empire ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
The 19Th Century

Abstract. The Mátra Mts has been one of the most frequented tourist destinations since the second half of the 19th century. This area – the highest mountain range in Hungary – offers a wide variety of free-time activities, geographical and cultural values. Because of these attractions, the tourism importance of the Mátra Mts has been recognised relatively early. The first tourist association was established in 1877 by Kolos Hanák and István Széky. They published the ‘Mátra Guide’ in the same year and reissued it in 1897 with minor revisions. This publication presents the natural-cultural values and the tourism infrastructure of the surrounding area. They also describe interesting hiking routes all around the Mátra. Although the most important sights were illustrated, no cartographic representation was published. In this study we processed the content of the book: every localizable site and tourism facility were visualised applying GIS techniques. A base map of relief, watercourses, road network and settlements were edited using the 2nd military survey topographic maps of Habsburg Empire (to present former conditions), the 1933 ‘Mátra’ hiking map and hillshading (generated from SRTM). The digitized tourism elements from the book were visualised on this ‘historical hiking map’ using Leaflet. As the final online map is available to everybody, the early condition and infrastructure of tourism can be easily examined. This work contributes to the visual heritage preservation of the Mátra Mts: it may strengthen the knowledge on tourism history and digital cartographic solutions.

A REVIEW OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT OF BESIKTAS-YILDIZ FROM THE 19TH CENTURY TO THE PRESENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilsat Deniz BINDAL
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Byzantine Period ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Physical Changes ◽  
Conclusion Section ◽  
The 19Th Century

The Besiktas district located in the Bogazici side of Istanbul experienced various changes throughout history. Considering these changes, there were no settlements in this district in ancient times. The district hosted three important structures in the Byzantine period and developed the identity of a settlement during the Ottoman Period. Besiktas became a region where palaces and pavilions were located and noble families and officers lived during the reign of Suleyman the Magnificent. As Sultan Abdulhamid the Second moved into Yıldız Palace, the district became the administrative region of the Ottomans. Therefore, the district experienced various urban changes and hosted many innovations. The region having historical and cultural values keeps its importance until today. The aim of the present study is to reveal the physical changes in the Besiktas-Yıldız region throughout history according to the requirements, cultural structural changes and regulations. Accordingly, the assessment section was addressed in three sections; until 19 th century, during 19 th century and after 19th century. The relevant literature was reviewed to determine the changing socio-cultural and socio-economic structure of the region in stated period. The analyses of the physical changes were presented on maps and figures of that period. In the conclusion section, the factors that caused the changes were addressed.

Anti-Semitism including the Holocaust

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Schuster
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The 19Th Century

Anti-Semitism, a term coined in Europe at the end of the 19th century, is the hatred of Jews and Jewishness, the latter being perceived in widely varying and contradictory ways. By the early 20th century, Jewishness was associated negatively with capitalism as well as with Communism and an adherence to ancient, outmoded beliefs and keenness toward urban and modernist sensibilities. Purveyors of anti-Semitism drew caricatures of Jews to fit a variety of exclusionary agendas, casting blame on the minority group for upsetting Christian, nativist, and purist values in politics, nationalism, religion, or culture. Modernist artists who were prone to agree with arguments that foretold the decline of civilization drew on the figure of the Jew to embody a series of malaises, depicting Jews as unwanted, archetypal Others to Western cultural values.

Recent Changes of Nordbogletscher and Nordgletscher, Johan Dahl Land, South Greenland

1986 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 106-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.Tvis Knudsen
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Transport Rate ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Topographic Maps ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
Surface Movement ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Inland Ice ◽  
Surface Changes

Generally, outlet glaciers from the Inland Ice in South Greenland have retreated and thinned considerably since the 19th century. A sector in Johan Dahl Land, comprising the glaciers Nordbogletscher, Nordgletscher, and Eqalorutsit kangigdlît sermiat, has no trim-line zones. These glaciers have probably reached their most advanced position in historical time and are advancing further. Marginal and surface changes of the glaciers, over the last 30 years, are determined, using topographic maps based on aerial photographs taken in 1953, 1977, and 1981 and compared with ablation and surface movement of ice measured at stakes, established in 1978 at Nordbogletscher. The conclusion, made on the basis of the observations, is that the advance is the result of a higher transport rate of ice from the accumulation area than can ablate during the summers in the ablation area, under prevailing climatic conditions.

scholarly journals ISSUES OF ADAPTATION AND PRESERVATION OF NEIGHBORING ESTATES OF THE HIGHEST NOBILITY ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE KUSHELEV-BEZBORODKO MANSION

2019 ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
E. Kozyreva
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article deals with the phenomenon of neighboring estates of the highest nobility, as part of the historical city-forming aspect in the formation of St. Petersburg and its surroundings. The adaptation of cultural heritage sites for modern usage is relevant and necessary measure. Analytical method of studying allows to reveal specific characteristics of such type of sites as “neighboring estates of the highest nobility”. The main stages of construction and development of the territory of the Kushelev-Bezborodko mansion are considered as the example of the highest nobility estate. Talented outstanding architects created this object, and in the 19th century, works began on the development of its territory for a developing city. The object is assigned to the category of lost neighboring estates of the highest nobility, since the object has not been preserved in its original form. The stages of development of the territory are analyzed and a historical and cultural key plan is made. The condition of preservation of the historical environment is studied and the specific characteristics of the site and the environment are analyzed. Ways to preserve the object and the environment are proposed. It is established that in order to preserve the heritage site, it is necessary to establish requirements for the building and development of the surrounding area

scholarly journals HISTORIOGRAPHICAL DISCOURSE ON THE ROLE OF ARCHETYPES IN STABILIZATION OF THE CONFLICT DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINIANS’ NATIONAL IDENTITY IN THE EMPERIAL AGE

2019 ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Nataliia Semerhei
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Cultural Revival ◽  
Creative Processes ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article is devoted to the analysis of modern Ukrainian researches about place and role of archetypes of Ukrainian mentality in genesis of national and cultural revival and development of the Ukrainian identity in the second half of the 19th century. Archetypes are studied as the source structure of collective unconscious national ideas, which are presented as common ideas, feelings, and stories, characters that determine social, cultural and religious traditions of ethnos. It has been found out, that within the framework of modern Ukrainian studies, integration of archetypical methodology with a research of social, cultural and spiritual aspects of development of Ukrainian society is rather slight but it considerably contrasts with the exceptional cognitive value of analysis on the domestic historical processes and events in terms of archetypes and mentality. It is shown that modern historians and social scientists identify the structural archetype components of Ukrainian mentality as factors and basis of national movement and Ukrainian revival. Modern historian G. Kasyanov determines a time frame for these events: the end of the 18th – 90s of the 20th century. At the same time, scientists pay attention to the fact that state, political and ideological conditions when Ukrainian lands were under Romanov and Habsburg Empires also influenced a structure of Ukrainian archetype. This fact caused some changes in Ukrainian identity, appearance of so called Little-Russians identity and syndrome of double loyalty (Y. Kalakura and others). Scientists consider that Ukrainian national peculiarities (agriculture, individualism, tolerance, democracy, love of freedom, peaceful nature, instability and inconsistency, lack of collective will and national solidarity) influenced the dynamics and character of state creative processes in different ways. These national peculiarities were driving force of changes and, at the same time, had destructive influence on state creative processes in imperial age. Historians believe that such fundamental principles of Ukrainian identity as archetype of motherland (agro-based production, social and historical, spiritual and cultural aspects) were formed exactly in the 19th century. In that period, such triad of Ukrainian mentality as House-Field-Temple, archetype of collegiality of ethnos and others has also emerged. The author comes to the conclusion that research of archetypes of Ukrainian mentality enables to find out the ideological source of those spiritual, national and social and cultural values and senses which became the basis for national and cultural revival in imperial age. Moreover, archetypical verification of modern public policy for the purpose its correlation to national, spiritual and cultural identity of the Ukrainians is of great importance for the progress and efficiency of modern state creative processes.

scholarly journals Johannes Valentini Lucubrata opuscula poeticohistorica in unum collecta [Az éjjeli mécs világánál alkotott költői-történeti művecskéim egybegyűjtése] (1808) című kötetének őstörténeti vonatkozásai

2019 ◽  
pp. 151-168
Author(s):  
László Szörényi
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Habsburg Empire ◽  
High Significance ◽  
Parish Priest ◽  
Occasional Poetry ◽  
Important Trend ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

As a poet, the parish priest Johannes Valentini (Turčiansky Michal, 1756 – Kláštor pod Znievom, 1812) is very much tied to the other Neo-Latin priest-poets living in Hungary and the other countries of the Habsburg Empire by the tradition of laudation in occasional poetry, which flourished from the antiquity until the end of the 19th century and was a tool to praise or mourn religious superiors or secular patronising potentates. Valentini, however, is different from the other poets in his very extensive interest in prehistory. When he poeticises the history of the provostry of Thurocz, he engages in lengthy explanations which are far bigger in size than the poem itself, and are also supplemented with footnotes.From a viewpoint of history of science this approach is probably connected mostly to the research initiated by the Jesuit historian Georgius Papánek, but Valentini’s work – similarly to authors of all other nationalities of that time in the Kingdom of Hungary – of course contains mythical and legendary elements, to which he naturally utilizes the reports of antique Greek and Roman writers about Eastern-origin exotic peoples. The Nagykároly (Carei, Szatmár county)-based Ferdinandus Thomas, for example, derives the origin of Hungarians from Ethiops! But we can name examples from either Romanian or South Slav literatures.Valentini is of high significance, because in many ways he – with his poet colleagues, writing in Slovak or other language – clears the way for Orientalism, an important trend of European Romanticism.

Hasidism

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Biale
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Jewish Life ◽  
Religious Movement ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
State Of Israel ◽  
Jewish Religion

Hasidism, an eastern European movement of religious pietism (the word hasidut means piety), has played a key role in Jewish life for the last 250 years. Starting in the mid-18th century, it infused the Jewish religion with new values by democratizing access to the divine and created a new social structure around wonder-working rabbis (rebbes or zaddikim). It also excited intense opposition, first among the Polish-Lithuanian rabbinical elite, which, in turn, devised new cultural values in order to refute Hasidism. In the 19th century, it became the target of sustained attacks by the new movement of Jewish enlightenment (Haskalah), which also developed its ideology at least partly in contradistinction to Hasidism. Despite these opponents, Hasidism gradually became the most influential religious movement among eastern European Jews by the mid-19th century. However, its power was eroded by the forces of modernization, urbanization, and emigration and it was dealt a near-death blow by the Holocaust. Nevertheless, the remnants of the movement reconstituted themselves, particularly in the new state of Israel and North America to the point where Hasidism has now once again become a force to be reckoned with in Jewish religious life.

Rusins in Czech Newspapers and Magazines from the Revolutionary 1848 to the Outbreak of WWI

Rusin ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 115-135
Author(s):  
P. Kokaisl ◽  
◽  
V. Šťastná ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Habsburg Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Source Of Information

Using the Czech press from the revolutionary 1848 to the period before WWI as the source of information, the authors revise the established view of the Rusin question in the Habsburg Empire in the mid 19th – early 20th century. The analysis suggests that the Slavic population in Galicia and Subcarpathian Rus retained their ethnic identity and distanced themselves from the mainstream population. If in 1848 all Slavic residents of Galicia, whose political leaders opposed the Poles, were referred to as Rusins in the Czech press, by the end of the 19th century the Czech press had already regarded this people as an independent nation.

SOLYANKA - FORT-SANCTUARY IN THE FLOODPLAIN OF THE KUDA RIVER (BAIKAL REGION)

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 336-344
Author(s):  
KHARINSKII A. ◽  
◽  
PORTNIAGIN M. ◽  
Ivanov G. ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Baikal Region ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
The South ◽  
Protective Structures ◽  
The 19Th Century

Ancient sanctuaries located on elevated areas became known to archaeologists in the territory of the Kudinskaya Valley (Baikal region) at the end of the 19th century. Their territory is separated from the surrounding area by protective structures -ramparts or ditches. In this regard, they received the name of the fort-sanctuary. Rituals dedicated to heavenly deities were held on their territory. Currently, such archaeological sites are dated within the Ist -beginning of the 2nd millennium AD. In 2019, earth reconnaissance work was carried out at one of the ancient sanctuaries located in the Solyanka area. Unlike other sanctuary settlements, Solyanka is located in the floodplain of the river on a small hill surrounded by a ditch. The diameter of the sanctuary is 36 m. Judging by its geomorphological position, it was probably dedicated to the owner of the Kuda River or the valley along which it flows. To the south of the ancient sanctuary is the modern sanctuary. On it, the Buryat population conducts rites dedicated to “the owner of the area”. In its center there is a wooden pole serge, near which there is a hearth, benches and tables used for the ritual. Keywords: Baikal region, Kuda Valley, ancient fort -sanctuary, ditch, serge, pit work

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