Recent Changes of Nordbogletscher and Nordgletscher, Johan Dahl Land, South Greenland

1986 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 106-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.Tvis Knudsen
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Transport Rate ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Topographic Maps ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
Surface Movement ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Inland Ice ◽  
Surface Changes

Generally, outlet glaciers from the Inland Ice in South Greenland have retreated and thinned considerably since the 19th century. A sector in Johan Dahl Land, comprising the glaciers Nordbogletscher, Nordgletscher, and Eqalorutsit kangigdlît sermiat, has no trim-line zones. These glaciers have probably reached their most advanced position in historical time and are advancing further. Marginal and surface changes of the glaciers, over the last 30 years, are determined, using topographic maps based on aerial photographs taken in 1953, 1977, and 1981 and compared with ablation and surface movement of ice measured at stakes, established in 1978 at Nordbogletscher. The conclusion, made on the basis of the observations, is that the advance is the result of a higher transport rate of ice from the accumulation area than can ablate during the summers in the ablation area, under prevailing climatic conditions.

Recent Changes of Nordbogletscher and Nordgletscher, Johan Dahl Land, South Greenland

1986 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 106-110
Author(s):  
N.Tvis Knudsen
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Transport Rate ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Topographic Maps ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
Surface Movement ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Inland Ice ◽  
Surface Changes

Generally, outlet glaciers from the Inland Ice in South Greenland have retreated and thinned considerably since the 19th century. A sector in Johan Dahl Land, comprising the glaciers Nordbogletscher, Nordgletscher, and Eqalorutsit kangigdlît sermiat, has no trim-line zones. These glaciers have probably reached their most advanced position in historical time and are advancing further.Marginal and surface changes of the glaciers, over the last 30 years, are determined, using topographic maps based on aerial photographs taken in 1953, 1977, and 1981 and compared with ablation and surface movement of ice measured at stakes, established in 1978 at Nordbogletscher.The conclusion, made on the basis of the observations, is that the advance is the result of a higher transport rate of ice from the accumulation area than can ablate during the summers in the ablation area, under prevailing climatic conditions.

scholarly journals The digital cartographic reconstruction of the 1897 ‘Mátra Guide’ (Hungary)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Edina Hajdú ◽  
Márton Pál
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Topographic Maps ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Heritage Preservation ◽  
Habsburg Empire ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
The 19Th Century

Abstract. The Mátra Mts has been one of the most frequented tourist destinations since the second half of the 19th century. This area – the highest mountain range in Hungary – offers a wide variety of free-time activities, geographical and cultural values. Because of these attractions, the tourism importance of the Mátra Mts has been recognised relatively early. The first tourist association was established in 1877 by Kolos Hanák and István Széky. They published the ‘Mátra Guide’ in the same year and reissued it in 1897 with minor revisions. This publication presents the natural-cultural values and the tourism infrastructure of the surrounding area. They also describe interesting hiking routes all around the Mátra. Although the most important sights were illustrated, no cartographic representation was published. In this study we processed the content of the book: every localizable site and tourism facility were visualised applying GIS techniques. A base map of relief, watercourses, road network and settlements were edited using the 2nd military survey topographic maps of Habsburg Empire (to present former conditions), the 1933 ‘Mátra’ hiking map and hillshading (generated from SRTM). The digitized tourism elements from the book were visualised on this ‘historical hiking map’ using Leaflet. As the final online map is available to everybody, the early condition and infrastructure of tourism can be easily examined. This work contributes to the visual heritage preservation of the Mátra Mts: it may strengthen the knowledge on tourism history and digital cartographic solutions.

scholarly journals Ice-volume changes of selected glaciers in the Swiss Alps since the end of the 19th century

2007 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 145-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Bauder ◽  
Martin Funk ◽  
Matthias Huss
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Thickness Change ◽  
Ice Volume ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The 19Th Century

AbstractThe evolution of surface topography of glaciers in the Swiss Alps is well documented with high-resolution aerial photographs repeatedly recorded since the 1960s and further back in time with topographic maps including elevation contour lines first surveyed in the mid-19th century. In order to quantify and interpret glacier changes in the Swiss Alps, time series of volume changes over the last 100–150 years have been collected. The available datasets provide a detailed spatial resolution for the retreat period since the end of the Little Ice Age. The spatial distribution as well as temporal variations of the thickness change were analyzed. A significant ice loss since the end of the 19th century was observed in the ablation area, while the changes in the accumulation area were small. We found moderate negative secular rates until the 1960s, followed by steady to positive rates for about two decades and strong ice loss starting in the 1980s which has lasted until the present. An evaluation of 19 glaciers revealed a total ice volume loss of about 13km3 since the 1870s, of which 8.7 km3 occurred since the 1920s and 3.5 km3 since 1980. Decadal mean net balance rates for the periods 1920–60, 1960–80 and 1980–present are –0.29, –0.03 and –0.53ma–1w.e., respectively.

scholarly journals Portrait de Boileau en Hercule bourgeois. Notes sur un prix d’éloquence à l’Institut national (1801-1804)

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Zékian
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
Etude De Cas ◽  
Étude De Cas ◽  
Comme Point ◽  
The 19Th Century

Appliquée au tournant des XVIIIe et XIXe siècles, l’idée d’un « portrait de l’homme en lettres en héros » porte en elle l’ambiguïté attachée à la notion d’héroïsme. Alors partagée entre deux conceptions nettement différenciées, celle-ci témoigne des hésitations caractérisant la définition du mérite et de la grandeur. Consacrée à la mémoire académique de Boileau comme point de cristallisation de l’exemplarité nationale, cette étude de cas propose un échantillon des différents registres héroïques employés à cette occasion. Elle tente, en outre, de penser leur mode de conciliation et d’interpréter le rapport au temps historique qu’ils supposent.AbstractWhen applied to the turn of the 19th century, the idea of ‘portraying the man of letters as a her’ bears the ambiguity inherent to the notion of heroism. As there were two clearly distinguished understandings of the notion at the time, it epitomizes hesitations on how to define merit and grandeur. Looking at academic writings on Boileau as the ground where the idea of national exemplariness crystallized, this case study examines samples of the various heroic styles used in that context. It also considers how such styles could converge and attempts to interpret the different relationships to historical time that they involved.

Trends in standardization of toponyms ending with -ova/-ovo, -eva/-evo, -ina/-ino

Neophilology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 686-698
Author(s):  
Igor A. Dambuev
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Topographic Maps ◽  
Quantitative Research Methods ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century

We investigate the features of variable names standardization of villages ending with -ova/-ovo, -eva/-evo, -ina/-ino. The relevance of the study is to improve the standardization of geographical names in order to ensure their unified and consistent use. The novelty of the study consists in the use of quantitative research methods towards the toponymy of different time sam-ples covering the last century and a half. As a source of variable and standardized names of villages, the State catalog of geographical names, normative legal acts, reference books of administrative divisions, lists of localities of the Russian Empire, and topographic maps are used. The toponymy of the territories of the modern Moscow, Bryansk, Vologda, Kaluga, Kurgan and Sverdlovsk regions is subjected to quantitative analysis. We establish that in the second half of the 19th century the names of villages ending with -ova, -eva, -ina prevailed in a quantitative sense over the names of villages ending with -ovo, -evo, -ino. Over the next century and a half, the proportion of names ending with -ova, -eva, -ina in all the analyzed regions consistently decreased, while the proportion of names with -ovo, -evo, -ino grew. If currently in some regions the names of villages with -ova, -eva, -ina are practically absent, in others they may still prevail over names with -ovo, -evo, -ino. This fact should be considered when standardizing variable toponyms.

scholarly journals Climate of migration? How climate triggered migration from southwest Germany to North America during the 19th century

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1573-1592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rüdiger Glaser ◽  
Iso Himmelsbach ◽  
Annette Bösmeier
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Southwest Germany

Abstract. This paper contributes to the ongoing debate on the extent to which climate and climatic change can have a negative impact on societies by triggering migration, or even contribute to conflict. It summarizes results from the transdisciplinary project Climate of migration (funded 2010–2014), whose innovative title was created by Franz Mauelshagen and Uwe Lübken. The overall goal of this project was to analyze the relation between climatic and socioeconomic parameters and major migration waves from southwest Germany to North America during the 19th century. The article assesses the extent to which climatic conditions triggered these migration waves. The century investigated was in general characterized by the Little Ice Age with three distinct cooling periods, causing major glacier advances in the alpine regions and numerous climatic extremes such as major floods, droughts and severe winter. Societal changes were tremendous, marked by the warfare during the Napoleonic era (until 1815), the abolition of serfdom (1817), the bourgeois revolution (1847/48), economic freedom (1862), the beginning of industrialization accompanied by large-scale rural–urban migration resulting in urban poverty, and finally by the foundation of the German Empire in 1871.The presented study is based on quantitative data and a qualitative, information-based discourse analysis. It considers climatic conditions as well as socioeconomic and political issues, leading to the hypothesis of a chain of effects ranging from unfavorable climatic conditions to a decrease in crop yields to rising cereal prices and finally to emigration. These circumstances were investigated extensively for the peak emigration years identified with each migration wave. Furthermore, the long-term relations between emigration and the prevailing climatic conditions, crop yields and cereal prices were statistically evaluated with a sequence of linear models which were significant with explanatory power between 22 and 38 %.

scholarly journals Accumulation rates in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, as revealed by dielectric-profiling measurements of shallow firn cores

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Oerter ◽  
F. Wilhelms ◽  
F. Jung-Rothenhäusler ◽  
F. Göktas ◽  
H. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
Site Survey ◽  
Continuous Flow Analysis ◽  
Seasonal Signals ◽  
Dronning Maud Land ◽  
Field Season ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Inland Ice

AbstractThe European Programme for Ice Coring in Antarctica includes a comprehensive pre-site survey on the inland ice plateau of Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. The German glaciological programme during the 1997/98 field season was carried out along a 1200 km traverse on Amundsenisen and involved sampling the snow cover in pits and by shallow firn cores. This paper focuses on the accumulation studies. The cores were dated by dielectric-profiling and continuous-flow analysis. Distinct volcanogenic peaks and seasonal signals in the profiles served to establish a depth time-scale. The eruptions of Krakatoa, Tambora, an unknown volcano, Kuwae and El Chichon are well-documented in the ice. Variations of the accumulation rates over different times were inferred from the depth time-scales. A composite record of accumulation rates for the last 200 years was produced by stacking 12 annually resolved records. According to this, accumulation rates decreased in the 19th century and increased in the 20th century. The recent values are by no means extraordinary, as they do not exceed the values at the beginning of the 19th century. Variations in accumulation rates are most probably linked to temperature variations indicated in δ18O records from Amundsenisen.

scholarly journals HEALING PROPERTIES OF YUCCA GLORIOSA AND ITS CULTIVATION PERSPECTIVES IN AGRO-ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT OF IMERETI

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roza Lortkipanidze ◽  
Shorena Tvalodze
Keyword(s):  
Introduced Species ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ecological Environment ◽  
Great Ability ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
The 19Th Century

Yucca Gloriosa species belong to a very interesting group of plants, their consumption is diverse. As biochemical studies reveal, some types of Yucca leaves contain tigogenin and stereogenic sapogenin, which is the source of syntheses of steroidal hormonal medicine. Yucca as a raw material is a valuable set for the pharmaco-chemical industry. Yucca was introduced in Georgia in the 19th century. Yucca has a great ability to be adapted to the different ecological environment. Among 11 introduced species in Transcaucasia, Yucca Gloriosa L. is distinguished with its relatively high content of healing substances. Yucca gloriosa L. blooms well in climatic conditions of Georgia, although, they don’t provide seeds. The plant easily vegetates by dividing into 10-20cm length parts that later are introduced in the soil. Propagation is also processed by rooting of the 1-year young rosette. It is noteworthy that the Yucca stem does not lose its ability to take root even after a few days in air-dry conditions.

Time out of joint — Time set right: Principles of form in Haydn’s Symphony No. 39

2010 ◽  
Vol 51 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 109-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Diergarten
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Music History ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
Narrative Strategies ◽  
Concert Hall ◽  
Time Out ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Time Continuum

The opening of Haydn’s Symphony No. 39 in G minor is interrupted by two unusually long grand pauses. These brief suspensions of the time continuum reveal Haydn’s search for new narrative strategies for a genre caught up in the tensions between the boisterous concert opener, courtly representation, the bourgeois concert hall and the demands of “connoisseurs.” This use of the Generalpause points toward a period of upheaval in the development of symphonic forms in the 18th century. A comparative analysis examining the primarily “punctuated” concept of form in the 18th century in relation to the primarily thematic concept of form in the 19th century and the synthesis of both in the writings of Anton Reicha can show that the process of developing formal functions becomes especially acute in Haydn’s Symphony No. 39, with the two grand pauses playing a key role. Such a reading of Haydn, which seeks to reconcile “historically informed” analysis with emphatic interpretation, illustrates how the spectacular grand pauses in the Symphony No. 39 can suggest a brief suspension of not only the work’s own immanent time but the historical time of 18th-century music history.

scholarly journals Climate of migration? How climate triggered migration from Southwest Germany into North America during the 19th century

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rüdiger Glaser ◽  
Iso Himmelsbach ◽  
Annette Boesmeier
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Southwest Germany

Abstract. This paper contributes to the ongoing debate to which extent climate and climatic change have a negative impact on societies by triggering migration, or even represent underlying causes for conflicts. It presents results from an in-depths analysis of the connection between climatic and selected socio-economic parameters and the major migration waves from Southwest Germany into North America during the 19th century. The aim was to assess to what extent climatic conditions triggered these waves of migration. The observed century was in general characterized by the Little Ice Age Climate with three distinct cooling periods, causing major glacier advances in the alpine regions and quite a number of climatic extremes such as major floods, droughts and chilly winter times. Also, societal changes were tremendous, marked by the wartimes during the Napoleonic era (until 1815), the abolition of serfdom (1817), the bourgeois revolution from 1847/48, economic freedom (1862), the beginning of the industrialization process accompanied by large-scale rural-urban migration, resulting in urban poverty, and finally by the foundation of the German Reich in 1870. The presented study is based on a quantitative data and qualitative information based discourse analysis. It reflects climatic conditions as well as socio-economic and political issues, which lead to the hypothesis of a chain of effects, consisting of unfavorable climatic conditions – decrease of crop yields – rising cereal prices – emigration. For the identified emigration peak years of each wave of migration, the connections between emigration and the underlying climatic conditions, crop yields and cereal prices were statistically evaluated by a sequence of linear models which proved to be significant with explanatory power between 22 % and 38 %.

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