SEGMENTATION OF 3D MODELS FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS – SOME CRITICAL ISSUES

Cultural Heritage documentation and preservation has become a fundamental concern in this historical period. 3D modelling offers a perfect aid to record ancient buildings and artefacts and can be used as a valid starting point for restoration, conservation and structural analysis, which can be performed by using Finite Element Methods (FEA). The models derived from reality-based techniques, made up of the exterior surfaces of the objects captured at high resolution, are - for this reason - made of millions of polygons. Such meshes are not directly usable in structural analysis packages and need to be properly pre-processed in order to be transformed in volumetric meshes suitable for FEA. In addition, dealing with ancient objects, a proper segmentation of 3D volumetric models is needed to analyse the behaviour of the structure with the most suitable level of detail for the different sections of the structure under analysis. Segmentation of 3D models is still an open issue, especially when dealing with ancient, complicated and geometrically complex objects that imply the presence of anomalies and gaps, due to environmental agents such as earthquakes, pollution, wind and rain, or human factors. The aims of this paper is to critically analyse some of the different methodologies and algorithms available to segment a 3D point cloud or a mesh, identifying difficulties and problems by showing examples on different structures.

Download Full-text

Experience of Documentation for the Accessibility of Widespread Cultural Heritage

Heritage ◽

10.3390/heritage2010067 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1032-1044 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sandro Parrinello ◽

Anna Dell’Amico

Keyword(s):

Cultural Heritage ◽

3D Models ◽

Complex Objects ◽

Wide Audience ◽

Intangible Heritage ◽

Representation Systems ◽

Cultural Systems ◽

Physical Limit ◽

Starting Point ◽

The Will

The will to preserve and enhance cultural heritage imposes reflections on databases as containers of information for the accessibility of dispersed heritage. The aim of the research is to validate methodological approaches in order to create 3D models and information systems. These tools improve accessibility to the artifact, according to different interconnection channels, in order to overcome the physical limit imposed by location. Tangible and intangible heritage take the form of a metadata network throughout a critical analysis and elaboration of data. These files create a complex database containing 3D models rich in information that describe cultural systems. The digital survey is the starting point for the development of languages, signs and symbols. It transfers complex objects into virtual systems, developing a multidimensional dialogue capable of integrating actions and meanings. The interactivity of complex databases facilitates the accessibility and disclosure of data to a wide audience. It requires the establishment of representation systems based on the development of virtual environments.

Download Full-text

TLS AND IMAGE-BASED ACQUISITION GEOMETRY FOR EVALUATING SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION

10.4995/arqueologica9.2021.12143 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Giacomo Patrucco ◽

Stefano Perri ◽

Antonia Spanò

Keyword(s):

Laser Beam ◽

Cultural Heritage ◽

Surface Characterization ◽

Conservation Status ◽

3D Models ◽

Level Of Detail ◽

Angle Of Incidence ◽

Critical Issues ◽

The One

In several cases, in the framework of cultural heritage documentation projects that prefigure the generation of dense and detailed 3D models derived from range-based or image-based techniques, the level of detail and surface characterization of the materials are strictly important, also for evaluating the conservation status of the structures. The research presented in this paper aims to evaluate the advantages and the critical issues of using a telescopic pneumatic pole to raise the position of the scans from the ground and decrease the angle of incidence of the laser beam on the surveyed object. The study also takes into consideration the use of mini UAVs and their flexibility to effectively acquire the vertical surfaces of interest even at elevated heights, comparing the density and the roughness of the derived model in comparison to the one generated by the TLS technique.

Download Full-text

Structured-light 3D scanning of exhibited historical clothing—a first-ever methodical trial and its results

Heritage Science ◽

10.1186/s40494-021-00544-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jerzy Montusiewicz ◽

Marek Miłosz ◽

Jacek Kęsik ◽

Kamil Żyła

Keyword(s):

Cultural Heritage ◽

Information Technologies ◽

Structured Light ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

3D Models ◽

3D Scanning ◽

Dimensional Representation ◽

3D Scanner ◽

Three Dimensional Representation ◽

3D Scanners

AbstractHistorical costumes are part of cultural heritage. Unlike architectural monuments, they are very fragile, which exacerbates the problems of their protection and popularisation. A big help in this can be the digitisation of their appearance, preferably using modern techniques of three-dimensional representation (3D). The article presents the results of the search for examples and methodologies of implementing 3D scanning of exhibited historical clothes as well as the attendant problems. From a review of scientific literature it turns out that so far practically no one in the world has made any methodical attempts at scanning historical clothes using structured-light 3D scanners (SLS) and developing an appropriate methodology. The vast majority of methods for creating 3D models of clothes used photogrammetry and 3D modelling software. Therefore, an innovative approach was proposed to the problem of creating 3D models of exhibited historical clothes through their digitalisation by means of a 3D scanner using structural light technology. A proposal for the methodology of this process and concrete examples of its implementation and results are presented. The problems related to the scanning of 3D historical clothes are also described, as well as a proposal how to solve them or minimise their impact. The implementation of the methodology is presented on the example of scanning elements of the Emir of Bukhara's costume (Uzbekistan) from the end of the nineteenth century, consisting of the gown, turban and shoes. Moreover, the way of using 3D models and information technologies to popularise cultural heritage in the space of digital resources is also discussed.

Download Full-text

Comparative Analysis of Digital Models of Objects of Cultural Heritage Obtained by the “3D SLS” and “SfM” Methods

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11125321 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 5321

Author(s):

Marcin Barszcz ◽

Jerzy Montusiewicz ◽

Magdalena Paśnikowska-Łukaszuk ◽

Anna Sałamacha

Keyword(s):

Cultural Heritage ◽

Low Cost ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

3D Models ◽

Silk Road ◽

Digital Models ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

University Of Technology ◽

Three Dimensional Models ◽

3D Digitisation

In the era of the global pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus, 3D digitisation of selected museum artefacts is becoming more and more frequent practice, but the vast majority is performed by specialised teams. The paper presents the results of comparative studies of 3D digital models of the same museum artefacts from the Silk Road area generated by two completely different technologies: Structure from Motion (SfM)—a method belonging to the so-called low-cost technologies—and by Structured-light 3D Scanning (3D SLS). Moreover, procedural differences in data acquisition and their processing to generate three-dimensional models are presented. Models built using a point cloud were created from data collected in the Afrasiyab museum in Samarkand (Uzbekistan) during “The 1st Scientific Expedition of the Lublin University of Technology to Central Asia” in 2017. Photos for creating 3D models in SfM technology were taken during a virtual expedition carried out under the “3D Digital Silk Road” program in 2021. The obtained results show that the quality of the 3D models generated with SfM differs from the models from the technology (3D SLS), but they may be placed in the galleries of the vitrual museum. The obtained models from SfM do not have information about their size, which means that they are not fully suitable for archiving purposes of cultural heritage, unlike the models from SLS.

Download Full-text

3D Models for Cultural Heritage: Beyond Plain Visualization

Computer ◽

10.1109/mc.2011.196 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 44 (7) ◽

pp. 48-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

Roberto Scopigno ◽

Marco Callieri ◽

Paolo Cignoni ◽

Massimiliano Corsini ◽

Matteo Dellepiane ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cultural Heritage ◽

3D Models

Download Full-text

An Application of Integrated 3D Technologies for Replicas in Cultural Heritage

ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information ◽

10.3390/ijgi8060285 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 285 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Balletti ◽

Ballarin

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Cultural Heritage ◽

Laser Scanning ◽

Low Cost ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Digital Data ◽

Survey Analysis ◽

Critical Issues ◽

Data Acquisition And Processing ◽

Short Time

In recent decades, 3D acquisition by laser scanning or digital photogrammetry has become one of the standard methods of documenting cultural heritage, because it permits one to analyze the shape, geometry, and location of any artefact without necessarily coming into contact with it. The recording of three-dimensional metrical data of an asset allows one to preserve and monitor, but also to understand and explain the history and cultural heritage shared. In essence, it constitutes a digital archive of the state of an artefact, which can be used for various purposes, be remodeled, or kept safely stored. With the introduction of 3D printing, digital data can once again take on material form and become physical objects from the corresponding mathematical models in a relatively short time and often at low cost. This possibility has led to a different consideration of the concept of virtual data, no longer necessarily linked to simple visual fruition. The importance of creating high-resolution physical copies has been reassessed in light of different types of events that increasingly threaten the protection of cultural heritage. The aim of this research is to analyze the critical issues in the production process of the replicas, focusing on potential problems in data acquisition and processing and on the accuracy of the resulting 3D printing. The metric precision of the printed model with 3D technology are fundamental for everything concerning geomatics and must be related to the same characteristics of the digital model obtained through the survey analysis.

Download Full-text

Conservation of cultural heritage buildings: Methodology and application to case studies

Revista ALCONPAT ◽

10.21041/ra.v3i2.46 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 98-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P. B. Lourenço

Keyword(s):

Structural Analysis ◽

Cultural Heritage ◽

Remedial Measures ◽

Non Destructive Testing ◽

Destructive Testing ◽

Seismic Engineering ◽

Structural Problems ◽

Theological School ◽

Heritage Buildings ◽

Non Destructive

ABSTRACTModern societies understand built cultural heritage as a landmark of culture and diversity. Only during the last decades the idea that ancient buildings could be conserved and reused became appealing. Still, a large part of this heritage is affected by structural problems which menace the safety of buildings and people. The developments in the areas of inspection, non-destructive testing, monitoring and structural analysis of historical constructions, together with recent guidelines for reuse and conservation, allow for safer, economical and more adequate remedial measures. The paper addresses the issues of the methodology to adopt, of different cases studies and of present challenges. In particular, recent interventions in Portuguese cases studies (the Cathedral of Porto and a theological school in Braga) are analyzed in detail.Keywords: Cultural heritage buildings; Conservation and rehabilitation; Earthquakes and seismic engineering; Case studies.RESUMENLas sociedades modernas entienden su patrimonio cultural como un hito de cultura y diversidad. Sólo durante las últimas décadas la idea de que edificios antiguos podrían ser conservados y reutilizados se ha convertido en atractiva. Sin embargo, una gran parte de este patrimonio es afectado por problemas estructurales lo cual amenaza la seguridad de los edificios y personas. Los desarrollos en el área de inspección, ensayos no destructivos, seguimiento y análisis estructural de construcciones históricas, bien como recientes normas para reutilización y conservación, permiten medidas correctivas más seguras, económicas y adecuadas. El artículo aborda las metodologías adoptadas, en diferentes casos de estudio así como presentes desafíos. En particular, intervenciones recientes en casos de estudio en Portugal (Catedral de Porto y Seminario de Braga) son analizadas con detalle.Palabras Clave: Edificios de patrimonio cultural; Conservación y rehabilitación; Terremotos e ingeniería sísmica; Casos de estudio.

Download Full-text

FROM ARCHIVE DOCUMENTATION TO ONLINE 3D MODEL VISUALIZATION OF NO LONGER EXISTING STRUCTURES: THE TURIN 1911 PROJECT

ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b2-2020-837-2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol XLIII-B2-2020 ◽

pp. 837-844

Author(s):

D. Einaudi ◽

A. Spreafico ◽

F. Chiabrando ◽

C. Della Coletta

Keyword(s):

Cultural Heritage ◽

3D Model ◽

3D Models ◽

World's Fair ◽

Existing Structures ◽

Present Generation ◽

Technical Issues ◽

Digital Documentation ◽

3D Documentation ◽

Model Visualization

Abstract. Rebuilding the past of cultural heritage through digitization, archiving and visualization by means of digital technology is becoming an emerging issue to ensure the transmission of physical and digital documentation to future generations as evidence of culture, but also to enable present generation to enlarge, facilitate and cross relate data and information in new ways. In this global effort, the digital 3D documentation of no longer existing cultural heritage can be essential for the understanding of past events and nowadays, various digital techniques and tools are developing for multiple purposes.In the present research the entire workflow, starting from archive documentation collection and digitization to the 3D models metrically controlled creation and online sharing, is considered. The technical issues to obtain a detail 3D model are examined stressing limits and potentiality of 3D reconstruction of disappeared heritage and its visualization exploiting three complexes belonging to 1911 Turin World’s Fair.

Download Full-text

Reliving history: the digital reconstruction of the convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan

Virtual Archaeology Review ◽

10.4995/var.2020.13706 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (23) ◽

pp. 106

Author(s):

Damiano Aiello ◽

Cecilia Bolognesi

Keyword(s):

Cultural Heritage ◽

New Technologies ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

3D Models ◽

Documentary Sources ◽

Digital Reconstruction ◽

Virtual Reconstruction ◽

Combining Data ◽

The City ◽

Santa Maria

Can we preserve cultural heritage and, consequently, the memory of the past? To answer this question, one should look at the digital revolution that the world has gone through in recent decades and analyse the complex and the dialectical relationship between cultural heritage and new technologies. Thanks to these, increasingly accurate reconstructions of archaeological sites and historical monuments are possible. The resulting digital replicas are fundamental to experience and understand cultural heritage in innovative ways: they have complex and dynamic relationships with the original objects. This research paper highlights the importance and the scientific validity of digital replicas aimed at understanding, enhancing and protecting cultural heritage. The study focuses on the virtual reconstruction of the constructive phases, from the mid-15th century to date, of one of the most emblematic Gothic-Renaissance buildings in the city of Milan (Italy): the convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie, famous worldwide for hosting Leonardo da Vinci's Last Supper painting. This site proved to be an ideal case study because of its troubled and little-known history that led to numerous changes over the centuries. Thanks to a methodological approach based on the analysis of the documentary sources and three-dimensional (3D) modelling, it was possible to outline the chronological succession of the convent transformations; the way in which these overlapped the pre-existing structures was described starting from the Renaissance harmonious and organic interventions, to finally reach 18th-19th centuries inhomogeneous and incompatible additions. Finally, the research was completed by mapping the 3D models based on the sources used and their different levels of accuracy. The 3D models have thus become a valid tool for checking and verifying the reconstruction hypotheses.Highlights:<ul><li>The study focused on the virtual reconstruction of the convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie, one of the most emblematicGothic-Renaissance buildings in the city of Milan.</li><li>By combining data from documentary sources, architectural treatises, period photos and digital survey, the mainbuilding phases of the convent, from the 15th century to date, were digitally reconstructed.</li><li>The 3D models are enriched with information about the accuracy of the digital reconstruction, creating 3D databasesthat can be easily consulted and updated.</li></ul>

Download Full-text

From survey to semantic representation for Cultural Heritage: the 3D modeling of recurring architectural elements

ACTA IMEKO ◽

10.21014/acta_imeko.v10i1.842 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 98

Author(s):

Valeria Croce ◽

Gabriella Caroti ◽

Andrea Piemonte ◽

Marco Giorgio Bevilacqua

Keyword(s):

Cultural Heritage ◽

Semantic Representation ◽

Laser Scanner ◽

3D Models ◽

Semantic Knowledge ◽

Documentary Sources ◽

Building Components ◽

Integrated Programs ◽

The Creation ◽

Historical Sites

The digitization of Cultural Heritage paves the way for new approaches to surveying and restitution of historical sites. With a view to the management of integrated programs of documentation and conservation, the research is now focusing on the creation of information systems where to link the digital representation of a building to semantic knowledge. With reference to the emblematic case study of the Calci Charterhouse, also known as Pisa Charterhouse, this contribution illustrates an approach to be followed in the transition from 3D survey information, derived from laser scanner and photogrammetric techniques, to the creation of semantically enriched 3D models. The proposed approach is based on the recognition -segmentation and classification- of elements on the original raw point cloud, and on the manual mapping of NURBS elements on it. For this shape recognition process, reference to architectural treatises and vocabularies of classical architecture is a key step. The created building components are finally imported in a H-BIM environment, where they are enriched with semantic information related to historical knowledge, documentary sources and restoration activities.

Download Full-text