scholarly journals MODELLING AND PREDICTION OF PRECIPITATION AND SOIL MOVEMENT BASED ON ADINSAR

2020 ◽  
Vol V-3-2020 ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
C. H. Yang ◽  
A. Müterthies
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Hydrologic Models ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Soil Movement ◽  
Drainage Rate ◽  
Weather Observations ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Areas Of Interest

Abstract. Evaluating soil movement related to precipitation is needed for geologic and hydrologic applications. In principle, the soil body swells and shrinks depending on soil type, precipitation rate, moisture content, and drainage rate. The precipitations are normally measured at weather stations. Measuring the soil movement by using ground-based sensors and hydrologic models across a large area is costly and time-consuming. Also the weather observations were not fully involved in modelling. A long-term monitoring using remote sensing is a cost-effective alternative. For this purpose, we developed a new approach in this study to model the transformation between precipitation and soil movement. The time-series soil movement over a large area is evaluated by ADInSAR at mm/yr level. As a result, the predictive model can compute the precipitation at a location from its ADInSAR-derived movement, and vice versa. Our test using Sentinel-1 images shows that the prediction accuracy for precipitation is 14 mm (mean error rate 12%) and it amounts 12 mm/yr for soil movement. The accuracies indicate that our modelling is relevant to the reality. We also discuss the influences of different parameters on the modelling. In the future, we will proceed with tests considering other areas of interest, time spans, and image sources. More target points will be analysed in detail. Last but not least, we will work on the applications related to geology and hydrology.

scholarly journals An approach for long-term, multi-probe Neuropixels recordings in unrestrained rats

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Zhihao Luo ◽  
Adrian Gopnik Bondy ◽  
Diksha Gupta ◽  
Verity Alexander Elliott ◽  
Charles D Kopec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Neural Recordings ◽  
Chronic Recording ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Multiple Cycles ◽  
Single Unit Recordings ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
High Yields

The use of Neuropixels probes for chronic neural recordings is in its infancy and initial studies leave questions about long-term stability and probe reusability unaddressed. Here, we demonstrate a new approach for chronic Neuropixels recordings over a period of months in freely moving rats. Our approach allows multiple probes per rat and multiple cycles of probe reuse. We found that hundreds of units could be recorded for multiple months, but that yields depended systematically on anatomical position. Explanted probes displayed a small increase in noise compared to unimplanted probes, but this was insufficient to impair future single-unit recordings. We conclude that cost-effective, multi-region, and multi-probe Neuropixels recordings can be carried out with high yields over multiple months in rats or other similarly sized animals. Our methods and observations may facilitate the standardization of chronic recording from Neuropixels probes in freely moving animals.

Settlement and Sea-Levels on the Central Coast of British Columbia: Evidence from Shell Midden Cores

2000 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aubrey Cannon
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
High Tide ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Shell Midden ◽  
Central Coast ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Strong Linear Relationship

AbstractCoring of shell-midden sites provides a regional chronology of site settlement in the Namu vicinity on the central coast of British Columbia. Coring proved an accurate and cost-effective alternative to traditional test-excavation, and its application in only two short field seasons doubled the number of sites tested in this region. The dating of basal cultural deposits from the cores shows initial occupation of sites ranging from 10,000 to 800 B.P. These dates exhibit a strong linear relationship with the current elevation of deposits above average high tide, suggesting that the settlement history of known shell-midden sites in this region is strongly linked to gradual long-term decline in relative sea levels.

scholarly journals Optomechanics based soft artificial skin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhijit Chandra Roy ◽  
Navin Kumar ◽  
Shreyas B S ◽  
Ananya Gupta ◽  
Aloke Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Effort ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Artificial Skin ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Fundamental Understanding ◽  
Extreme Sensitivity ◽  
Consistent Performance

Abstract Soft artificial skin capable of sensing touch, pressure and bending similar to soft human skin is important in many modern-day applications including socially interactive robotics, modern healthcare, augmented reality, etc. However, most of the research effort on soft artificial skin are confined to the lab-scale demonstration. We have demonstrated how a fundamental understanding of the contact mechanics of soft material and a specially constructed soft optical waveguide let us develop a highly efficient, resilient, and large-area soft artificial skin for futuristic applications. The soft artificial skin capable of detect touch, load and bending shows extreme sensitivity (up to \({150 \text{k}\text{P}\text{a}}^{-1}\)) to touch, and load, which is 750 times higher than earlier work. The soft-a-skin shows excellent long-term stability i.e. it shows consistent performance up to almost a year. In addition, we describe a 3D printing process capable of producing large areas, large numbers yet cost-effective soft artificial skin. We have shown the functioning of the soft-a-skin in various means.

scholarly journals Electrochromic Performance of V2O5 Thin Films Grown by Spray Pyrolysis

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 3859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyriakos Mouratis ◽  
Valentin Tudose ◽  
Cosmin Romanitan ◽  
Cristina Pachiu ◽  
Oana Tutunaru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Spray Deposition ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Large Area ◽  
New Approach ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Area Deposition ◽  
Scanning Electron

A new approach regarding the development of nanostructured V2O5 electrochromic thin films at low temperature (250 °C), using air-carrier spray deposition and ammonium metavanadate in water as precursor is presented. The obtained V2O5 films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, while their electrochromic response was studied using UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The study showed that this simple, cost effective, suitable for large area deposition method can lead to V2O5 films with large active surface for electrochromic applications.

23 GASTRIC BYPASS AS REVISION SURGERY FOR FAILED FUNDOPLICATIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reda Ezz
Keyword(s):  
Revision Surgery ◽  
Laparoscopic Fundoplication ◽  
Revisional Surgery ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Recurrent Reflux ◽  
Failed Fundoplication ◽  
Redo Fundoplication ◽  
Bile Gastritis ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative

Abstract   Laparoscopic fundoplication as anti-reflux technique has emerged and widely expanded as a cost effective alternative to life-long medical treatment in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Long-term success rate ranges from 80–90% with this procedure, but side effects still exist even with experienced surgeons. Patients with a failed anti-reflux procedure are becoming a more common problem nowadays. Although most of these patients can be managed medically, still some of them will require revisional surgery. Methods We presented our experience from January 2015 to June 2019 facing cases of failed fundoplications. 59 cases with failed fundoplication requiring revision were included in the study. Redo fundoplications were decided preoperatively or intraoperatively to be difficult or unsafe to be done for these cases. Revision surgery for these cases was done using either distal gastrectomy and RY gastro-jejunostomy (22 cases) when the hiatal dissection was not feasible or unsafe due to obscure anatomy or Truncal vagotomy and RY gastro-jejunostomy (37 cases) when the hiatal dissection was easy and feasible. Results Laparoscopy was used in 49 cases and was successfully completed in 42cases (%) and 7conversion (%). Improvement of symptoms: Recurrent reflux or dysphagia was noted in 19 cases (32%) and complete disappeared in 26 cases (44%). One case had leak from the GJ and another one got hematemesis. Both cases were managed conservatively. Nine patient (15%) had bile gastritis with abdominal pain. Five patients (8.5%) complained of dumping symptoms. No mortality was recorded. Conclusion RY gastro-jejunostomy for failed fundoplications is a valid, feasible surgical option when redo fundoplication is difficult to be done or if associated with possible or expected complications.

Physical and Numerical Modelling of Installation and Pull-Out of Dynamically Penetrating Anchors in Clay and Silt

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shazzad Hossain ◽  
Youngho Kim ◽  
Dong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Soil Strength ◽  
Terminal Velocity ◽  
Drop Height ◽  
Soil Movement ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Flow Mechanisms ◽  
Anchoring System ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Soil Flow

Dynamically penetrating anchors (DPAs) are a recent type of mooring technology that have been shown to provide a cost-effective alternative to other forms of anchoring system in deep waters. This paper reports the results from a series of model tests undertaken to provide insight into the behavior of DPAs during dynamic installation and monotonic pull-out in normally consolidated clay and calcareous silt. The tests were carried out in a drum centrifuge at 200 g, varying the drop height and hence the terminal velocity. The pull-out angle at the mudline was also varied to encompass various mooring systems. This paper also reports the results from finite element (FE) analyses simulating dynamic installation of anchors. The 3D large deformation FE (LDFE) analyses were carried out using the Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) approach in the commercial FE package Abaqus/Explicit. A parametric study was undertaken, exploring a range of anchor geometry in terms of diameter, tip angle and number and length of fins; impact velocity and soil strength. For dynamic installation, two interesting aspects of the soil flow mechanisms were identified: (a) downward soil movement, concentrating around the advancing anchor, being reduced gradually with reducing penetration velocity and more rapidly with increasing number of fins and anchor projected area; (b) mobilisation of end bearing mechanism at the base of the anchor as well as fins, with the latter reduced significantly for shorter fins. The depth of anchor penetration increased as the drop height (and terminal velocity) increases and the soil strength decreases. For static pull-out, the mooring angle at the mudline influenced the pull-out mechanism and the capacity significantly. The anchor rotation and hence the anchor displacement required for attaining maximum capacity reduced as the angle increases.

scholarly journals Efficient routes to land conservation given risk of covenant failure

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Schuster ◽  
Peter Arcese
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Private Land ◽  
Legal Challenges ◽  
Monitoring And Enforcement ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Conservation Investment ◽  
Term Monitoring

Conservation initiatives to protect valued species communities in human-dominated landscapes face challenges linked to their potential costs. Conservation covenants on private land may represent a cost-effective alternative to land purchase, although many questions on the long-term monitoring and enforcement costs of covenants and the risk of violation or legal challenges remain unquantified. We explore the cost-effectiveness of conservation covenants, defined here as the fraction of the high-biodiversity landscape potentially protected via investment in covenants versus land purchase. We show that covenant violation and dispute rates substantially affect the estimated long-term cost-effectiveness of a covenant versus land purchase strategy. Our results suggest the long-term cost-effectiveness of conservation covenants may outperform land purchase as a strategy to protect biodiversity as long as disputes and legal challenges are low, but point to a critical need for monitoring data to reduce uncertainty and maximize conservation investment cost-effectiveness.

scholarly journals An approach for long-term, multi-probe Neuropixels recordings in unrestrained rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Zhihao Luo ◽  
Adrian G. Bondy ◽  
Diksha Gupta ◽  
Verity A. Elliott ◽  
Charles D. Kopec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Neural Recordings ◽  
Chronic Recording ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Multiple Cycles ◽  
Single Unit Recordings ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
High Yields

AbstractThe use of Neuropixels probes for chronic neural recordings is in its infancy and initial studies leave questions about long-term stability and probe reusability unaddressed. Here we demonstrate a new approach for chronic Neuropixels recordings over a period of months in freely moving rats. Our approach allows multiple probes per rat and multiple cycles of probe reuse. We found that hundreds of units could be recorded for multiple months, but that yields depended systematically on anatomical position. Explanted probes displayed a small increase in noise compared to unimplanted probes, but this was insufficient to impair future single-unit recordings. We conclude that cost-effective, multi-region, and multi-probe Neuropixels recordings can be carried out with high yields over multiple months in rats or other similarly sized animals. Our methods and observations may facilitate the standardization of chronic recording from Neuropixels probes in freely moving animals.

scholarly journals Efficient routes to land conservation given risk of covenant failure

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Schuster ◽  
Peter Arcese
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Private Land ◽  
Legal Challenges ◽  
Monitoring And Enforcement ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Conservation Investment ◽  
Term Monitoring

Conservation initiatives to protect valued species communities in human-dominated landscapes face challenges linked to their potential costs. Conservation covenants on private land may represent a cost-effective alternative to land purchase, although many questions on the long-term monitoring and enforcement costs of covenants and the risk of violation or legal challenges remain unquantified. We explore the cost-effectiveness of conservation covenants, defined here as the fraction of the high-biodiversity landscape potentially protected via investment in covenants versus land purchase. We show that covenant violation and dispute rates substantially affect the estimated long-term cost-effectiveness of a covenant versus land purchase strategy. Our results suggest the long-term cost-effectiveness of conservation covenants may outperform land purchase as a strategy to protect biodiversity as long as disputes and legal challenges are low, but point to a critical need for monitoring data to reduce uncertainty and maximize conservation investment cost-effectiveness.

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