scholarly journals SATELLITE-DRIVEN ASSESSMENT OF SURFACE URBAN HEAT ISLANDS IN THE CITY OF ZAGREB, CROATIA

2020 ◽  
Vol V-3-2020 ◽  
pp. 757-764
Author(s):  
A. Krtalić ◽  
A. Kuveždić Divjak ◽  
K. Čmrlec
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Critical Areas ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
The City

Abstract. This study aims to assess surface urban heat islands (SUHIs) pattern over the city of Zagreb, Croatia, based on satellite (optical and thermal) remote sensing data. The spatio-temporal identification of SUHIs is analysed using the 12 sets of Landsat 8 imagery acquired during 2017 (in each month of the year). Vegetation cover within the city boundaries is extracted by using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) data fusion method on calculated three vegetation indices (VI): Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) and Ratio Vegetation Index (RVI) for each set of bands. The first principal component was used to compute the land surface temperature (LST) and deductive Environmental Criticality Index (ECI). As expected, the relationship between LST and all VI scores shows a negative correlation and is most negative with RVI. The environmentally critical areas and the patterns of seasonal variations of the SUHIs in the city of Zagreb were identified based on the LST, ECI and vegetation cover. The city centre, an industrial area in the eastern part and an area with shopping centers and commercial buildings in the western part of the city were identified as the most critical areas.

scholarly journals Bogor Botanic Gardens as a nature-based solution for mitigating urban heat island and microclimate regulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 914 (1) ◽  
pp. 012050
Author(s):  
E M D Rahayu ◽  
S Yusri
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Botanic Gardens ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract This paper explores the role of Bogor Botanic Gardens (BBG) as a form of Nature-Based Solution (NBS) to mitigate Urban Heat Islands (UHI). Time series analysis of LANDSAT 8 OLI thermal band and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was done from 2013 to 2020 using Google Earth Engine. Land Surface Temperature (LST) from Bogor and BBG were calculated, compared, and annual UHI areas were derived. The relationship of LST and NDVI were also explored annually to describe the effect of vegetation towards LST with linear regression. Overall, Bogor experiences a decrease of mean LST from 30.67°C and a maximum of 39.14°C in 2013 to 27.07°C and a maximum of 34.35°C in 2020. However, the inside of BBG is cooler with temperature ranging from 28.41°C and a maximum of 35.62°C in 2013 to 24.25°C and a maximum of 29.41°C in 2020. This is an effect of vegetation inside the BBG that regulate microclimate in its surrounding. It can be seen in the negative correlation between NDVI and LST observed with r2 ranging from 0.27 to 0.82. While UHI areas tended to increase from 8220 ha in 2013 to 8926 ha in 2020, BBG consistently acts as an urban cool island in the middle of UHI. Therefore, heat mitigation is proven to be one of the environmental services provided by BBG.

scholarly journals Snail shell colour evolution in urban heat islands detected via citizen science

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels A. G. Kerstes ◽  
Thijmen Breeschoten ◽  
Vincent Kalkman ◽  
Menno Schilthuizen
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Science ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Cepaea Nemoralis ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
The City

AbstractThe extreme environmental conditions that prevail in cities are known to cause selection pressures leading to adaptive changes in wild, city-dwelling, organisms (“urban evolution”). The urban heat island, elevated temperatures in the city centre due to a combination of generation, reflection, and trapping of heat, is one of the best recognised and most widespread urban environmental factors. Here, we used a citizen-science approach to study the effects of urban heat on genetically-determined shell colour in the land snail Cepaea nemoralis in the Netherlands. We used smartphone applications to obtain colour data on almost 8,000 snails throughout the country. Our analysis shows that snails in urban centres are more likely to be yellow than pink, an effect predicted on the basis of thermal selection. Urban yellow snails are also more likely to carry dark bands at the underside of the shell; these bands might affect thermoregulation in yet underexplored ways.

scholarly journals Analysis of Urban Heat Islands Using Landsat 8 OLI / TIR Data: Case of the City of Guelma (Algeria)

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boubaker Khallef ◽  
Yamina Biskri ◽  
Nabil Mouchara ◽  
Khaled Brahamia
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Ecological Assessment ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Quality Of Urban Life ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
The City

This study aims to analyze the urban heat islands of the city of Guelma using Landsat 8 data and the geographic information system. The application of the single Chanel algorithm has been applied to extract surface temperature (LST) from Landsat 8 data. The result obtained shows that the surface temperature of August 11, 2019 in the city of Guelma varied from 36 to 47 degrees. However, the correlation between the LST, the NDVI and the NDBI allowed characterizing the effects of the green zones and the water resources thus the grounds built on the urban heat islands. The ecological assessment was performed using an urban thermal field variance index (UTFVI). The result obtained from this ecological assessment shows that 4 km2 of the surface of the city of Guelma represents a much worse ecological quality. It is therefore urgent for this city to strengthen and expand the strategies for reducing the effects of urban heat islands for preserve the quality of urban life of the inhabitants.

scholarly journals Heat Islands in the city of San Francisco de Campeche: Detection and solution

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Román Alejandro Canul-Turriza ◽  
Francisco Javier Barrera-Lao ◽  
Gabriela Patricia Aldana Narváez
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Mathematical Algorithm ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Landsat 5 Tm ◽  
The City

This paper presents the identification of heat islands in the city of San Francisco de Campeche, period 1990 - 2020 and their relationship with changes in the vegetation cover areas. To identify the heat islands in the city, 6 Landsat 5 (TM), 7 (TM) and 8 (OIL) images were obtained from the USGS database (http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/). In geographic information software, soil temperature was calculated from a mathematical algorithm applied to thermal infrared bands 6 and 10, in addition, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was calculated, in order to find a relationship between changes in temperature and vegetation cover. It was found that the green areas have reduced their surface by more than 50% and the soil temperature has increased up to 7 ° C

scholarly journals Urban heat island in Bloemfontein during winter

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter Snyman ◽  
A. Stephen Steyn
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Intensity ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Local Topography ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The City

Urban heat islands (UHIs) are characterised by warmer urban air temperatures compared to rural air temperatures, and the intensity is equal to the difference between the two. Air temperatures are measured at various sites across the city of Bloemfontein and then analysed to determine the UHI characteristics. The UHI is found to have a horseshoe shape and reaches a maximum intensity of 8.2 °C at 22:00. The UHI is largely affected by the local topography.

MONITORING THERMAL POLLUTION SOURCES IN VORONEZH (RUSSIA) USING REMOTE SENSING DATA

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-65
Author(s):  
Дмитрий Владимирович Сарычев ◽  
Ирина Владимировна Попова ◽  
Семен Александрович Куролап
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Land Surface Temperatures ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Industrial Zones

Рассмотрены вопросы мониторинга теплового загрязнения окружающей среды в городах. Представлена методика отбора спектрозональных спутниковых снимков, их обработки и интерпретации полученных результатов. Для оценки городского острова тепла были использованы снимки с космического аппарата Landsat 8 TIRS. На их основе построены карты пространственной структуры острова тепла города Воронежа за летний и зимний периоды. Определены тепловые аномалии и выявлено 11 основных техногенных источников теплового загрязнения в г. Воронеже, установлена их принадлежность к промышленным зонам предприятий, а также к очистным гидротехническим сооружениям. Поверхностные температуры данных источников в среднем были выше фоновых температур приблизительно на 6° зимой и на 15,5° С летом. Синхронно со спутниковой съемкой были проведены наземные контрольные тепловизионные измерения температур основных подстилающих поверхностей в г. Воронеже. Полученные данные показали высокую сходимость космических и наземных измерений, на основании чего сделан вывод о надежности используемых данных дистанционного зондирования Земли в мониторинговых наблюдениях теплового загрязнения городской среды. Результаты работ могут найти применение в городском планировании и медицинской экологии. The study deals with the remote sensing and monitoring of urban heat islands. We present a methodology of multispectral satellite imagery selection and processing. The study bases on the freely available Landsat 8 TIRS data. We used multitemporal thermal band combinations to make maps of the urban heat island of Voronezh (Russia) during summer and winter periods. That let us identify 11 artificial sources of heat in Voronezh. All of them turned out to be allocated within industrial zones of plants and water treatment facilities. Land surface temperatures (LST) of these sources were approximately 6° and 15.5° C above the background temperatures in winter and summer, respectively. To prove the remotely sensed temperatures we conducted ground control measurements of LST of different surface types at the satellite revisit moments. Our results showed a significant correlation between the satellite and ground-based measurements, so the maps we produced in this study should be robust. They are of use in urban planning and medical ecology studies.

scholarly journals Night Thermal Unmixing for the Study of Microscale Surface Urban Heat Islands with TRISHNA-Like Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Granero-Belinchon ◽  
Aurelie Michel ◽  
Jean-Pierre Lagouarde ◽  
Jose A. Sobrino ◽  
Xavier Briottet
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Regression Kriging ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Land Covers ◽  
The City

Urban Heat Islands (UHIs) at the surface and canopy levels are major issues in urban planification and development. For this reason, the comprehension and quantification of the influence that the different land-uses/land-covers have on UHIs is of particular importance. In order to perform a detailed thermal characterisation of the city, measures covering the whole scenario (city and surroundings) and with a recurrent revisit are needed. In addition, a resolution of tens of meters is needed to characterise the urban heterogeneities. Spaceborne remote sensing meets the first and the second requirements but the Land Surface Temperature (LST) resolutions remain too rough compared to the urban object scale. Thermal unmixing techniques have been developed in recent years, allowing LST images during day at the desired scales. However, while LST gives information of surface urban heat islands (SUHIs), canopy UHIs and SUHIs are more correlated during the night, hence the development of thermal unmixing methods for night LSTs is necessary. This article proposes to adapt four empirical unmixing methods of the literature, Disaggregation of radiometric surface Temperature (DisTrad), High-resolution Urban Thermal Sharpener (HUTS), Area-To-Point Regression Kriging (ATPRK), and Adaptive Area-To-Point Regression Kriging (AATPRK), to unmix night LSTs. These methods are based on given relationships between LST and reflective indices, and on invariance hypotheses of these relationships across resolutions. Then, a comparative study of the performances of the different techniques is carried out on TRISHNA synthesized images of Madrid. Since TRISHNA is a mission in preparation, the synthesis of the images has been done according to the planned specification of the satellite and from initial Aircraft Hyperspectral Scanner (AHS) data of the city obtained during the DESIREX 2008 capaign. Thus, the coarse initial resolution is 60 m and the finer post-unmixing one is 20 m. In this article, we show that: (1) AATPRK is the most performant unmixing technique when applied on night LST, with the other three techniques being undesirable for night applications at TRISHNA resolutions. This can be explained by the local application of AATPRK. (2) ATPRK and DisTrad do not improve significantly the LST image resolution. (3) HUTS, which depends on albedo measures, misestimates the LST, leading to the worst temperature unmixing. (4) The two main factors explaining the obtained performances are the local/global application of the method and the reflective indices used in the LST-index relationship.

scholarly journals The Influence of Vegetation on UHIs, MUHIs, and Microclimate of Selected Southern Cities

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 509A-509
Author(s):  
Derald A. Harp ◽  
Edward L. McWilliams
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Shopping Malls ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
The City

Urban areas have average annual temperatures 2–3°C warmer than surrounding rural areas, with daily differences of 5–6°C common. A suggested reason for this temperature difference is the extensive use of concrete, asphalt, and other building materials in the urban environment. Vegetation can moderate these temperatures by intercepting incoming radiation. The influence of vegetation patterns on the magnitude of urban and micro-urban “heat islands” (UHI and MUHI, respectively) is compared for several cities including Houston, Austin, College Station, and Ft. Worth, Texas; Huntsville, Ala.; and Gainesville, Fla. Temperatures for all cities studied were greatest in the built-up areas and dropped off in suburban areas and adjacent rural areas. In Houston, surrounding rice fields were 3–5°C cooler than urban areas. Heavily built-up areas of Austin were 2–4°C warmer than parks and fields outside of the city. In all of the cities, large parks were typically 2–3°C cooler than adjacent built-up areas. Large shopping malls varied in nocturnal winter and summer temperature, with winter temperatures near door openings 2–3°C warmer, and summer daytime temperatures as much as 17°C cooler beneath trees. This effect seemed to persist at the microclimatic scale. Areas beneath evergreen trees and shrubs were warmer in the winter than surrounding grass covered areas. Video thermography indicated that the lower surfaces of limbs in deciduous trees were warmer than the upper surfaces. Overall, vegetation played a significant role, both at the local and microscale, in temperature moderation.

scholarly journals GEOSPATIAL ASSESSMENT AND MODELING OF URBAN HEAT ISLANDS IN QUEZON CITY, PHILIPPINES USING OLS AND GEOGRAPHICALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-4/W16 ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
C. A. Alcantara ◽  
J. D. Escoto ◽  
A. C. Blanco ◽  
A. B. Baloloy ◽  
J. A. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographically Weighted Regression ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Weighted Regression ◽  
View Factor ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Quezon City ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Urban Heat

Abstract. Urbanization has played an important part in the development of the society, yet it is accompanied by environmental concerns including the increase of local temperature compared to its immediate surroundings. The latter is known as Urban Heat Islands (UHI). This research aims to model UHI in Quezon City based on Land Surface Temperature (LST) estimated from Landsat 8 data. Geospatial processing and analyses were performed using Google Earth Engine, ArcGIS, GeoDa, and SAGA GIS. Based on Urban Thermal Field Variance Index (UTFVI) and the normalized mean per barangay (village), areas with strong UHI intensities were mapped and characterized. high intensity UHIs are observed mostly in areas with high Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) like the residential regions while the weak intensity UHIs are noticed in areas with high Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) near the La Mesa Reservoir. In the OLS regression model, around 69% of LST variability is explained by Surface Albedo (SA), Sky View Factor (SVF), Surface Area to Volume Ratio (SVR), Solar Radiation (SR), NDBI and NDVI. OLS yield relatively high residuals (RMSE = 1.67) and the residuals are not normally distributed. Since LST is non-stationary, Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) regression was conducted, proving normally and randomly distributed residuals (average RMSE = 0.26).

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of various Indices for extraction urban impervious surface of Landsat 8 OLI

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-172
Author(s):  
Iswari Nur Hidayati ◽  
R Suharyadi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Impervious Surface ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Impervious Surfaces ◽  
Landsat 8 Oli ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Urban Heat

Impervious surface is one of the major land cover types of urban and suburban environment. Conversion of rural landscapes and vegetation area to urban and suburban land use is directly related to the increase of the impervious surface area. The impervious surface expansion is straight-lined with decreasing green spaces in urban areas. Impervious surface is one of indicator for detecting urban heat islands. This study compares various indices for mapping impervious surfaces using Landsat 8 OLI imagery by optimizing the different spectral characteristics of Landsat 8 OLI imagery. The research objectives are (1) to apply various indices for impervious surface mapping and (2) identifies impervious surfaces in urban areas based on multiple indices and provide recommendations and find the best index for mapping impervious surface in urban areas. In addition to utilizing the index, land use supervised classification method, maximum likelihood classification used for extracting built-up, and non-built-up areas. Accuracy assessment of this research used field data collection as primary data for calculating kappa coefficient, producer accuracy, and user accuracy. The study can also be extended to find the land surface temperature and correlate the impervious surface extraction data with urban heat islands.

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