scholarly journals REMOTE SENSING APPLICATION OF THE GEOPHYSICAL CHANGES IN THE COASTLINES AND RIVERS OF ZAMBALES, PHILIPPINES

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B8 ◽  
pp. 379-386
Author(s):  
Annie Melinda Paz-Alberto ◽  
Melissa Joy M. Sison ◽  
Edmark Pablo Bulaong ◽  
Marietta A. Pakaigue
Keyword(s):  
Field Measurements ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Mount Pinatubo ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
The North ◽  
Ground Validation ◽  
After Effect ◽  
Anthropogenic Processes ◽  
North And South

Geophysical changes in river outlet, river upstream and coastlines near the rivers of Bucao and Santo Tomas in Zambales, Philippines were analyzed using the Google Earth’s historical satellite imageries from 2004 to 2013. Data in 2015 were gathered from in situ field measurements ground validation. The study aimed to measure and determine changes in the width of river outlet, width of river bank upstream and shifting of coastline. <br><br> Results revealed that there was a decrease and increase in the width size of the Bucao and Santo Tomas river outlets, respectively during the study period. Geophysical changes occurred in the two rivers due to the continuous supply of lahar as an after effect of the Mount Pinatubo eruption in 1991. Coastline positions near the two rivers also changed. The highest rate of erosion along the coastal area was prevalently observed near the river outlet of both rivers. Moreover, accretion was observed in the coastline of Santo Tomas and erosion phenomenon was observed in the North and South coastlines of Bucao River. The shifting was caused by natural processes such as erosion, sedimentation and natural calamities as well as anthropogenic processes such as reclamation/quarrying. Occurrence of erosion and sedimentation played active roles in the changes of coastlines during the study period. <br><br> Furthermore, the upstream of the Bucao river changed physically due to deposits of lahar present in the upstream which are being discharged directly and continuously going down to the river. Generally, the width of the Bucao River upstream decreased its size because of the accumulated sediment in the riverbank. On the other hand, the observed erosion is caused by high velocity of river during heavy rains and typhoons. The width of the Santo Tomas river bank upstream did not change due to the construction of concrete dikes which prevent the lahar-filled river from breaching the embankment and flooding the agricultural, residential and commercial areas near the river.

scholarly journals REMOTE SENSING APPLICATION OF THE GEOPHYSICAL CHANGES IN THE COASTLINES AND RIVERS OF ZAMBALES, PHILIPPINES

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B8 ◽  
pp. 379-386
Author(s):  
Annie Melinda Paz-Alberto ◽  
Melissa Joy M. Sison ◽  
Edmark Pablo Bulaong ◽  
Marietta A. Pakaigue
Keyword(s):  
Field Measurements ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Mount Pinatubo ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
The North ◽  
Ground Validation ◽  
After Effect ◽  
Anthropogenic Processes ◽  
North And South

Geophysical changes in river outlet, river upstream and coastlines near the rivers of Bucao and Santo Tomas in Zambales, Philippines were analyzed using the Google Earth’s historical satellite imageries from 2004 to 2013. Data in 2015 were gathered from in situ field measurements ground validation. The study aimed to measure and determine changes in the width of river outlet, width of river bank upstream and shifting of coastline. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; Results revealed that there was a decrease and increase in the width size of the Bucao and Santo Tomas river outlets, respectively during the study period. Geophysical changes occurred in the two rivers due to the continuous supply of lahar as an after effect of the Mount Pinatubo eruption in 1991. Coastline positions near the two rivers also changed. The highest rate of erosion along the coastal area was prevalently observed near the river outlet of both rivers. Moreover, accretion was observed in the coastline of Santo Tomas and erosion phenomenon was observed in the North and South coastlines of Bucao River. The shifting was caused by natural processes such as erosion, sedimentation and natural calamities as well as anthropogenic processes such as reclamation/quarrying. Occurrence of erosion and sedimentation played active roles in the changes of coastlines during the study period. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; Furthermore, the upstream of the Bucao river changed physically due to deposits of lahar present in the upstream which are being discharged directly and continuously going down to the river. Generally, the width of the Bucao River upstream decreased its size because of the accumulated sediment in the riverbank. On the other hand, the observed erosion is caused by high velocity of river during heavy rains and typhoons. The width of the Santo Tomas river bank upstream did not change due to the construction of concrete dikes which prevent the lahar-filled river from breaching the embankment and flooding the agricultural, residential and commercial areas near the river.

Stratospheric aerosol following Pinatubo, comparison of the north and south mid latitudes using in situ measurements

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 2089-2095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Deshler ◽  
J.Ben Liley ◽  
Gregory Bodeker ◽  
W.Andrew Matthews ◽  
David J Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
The North ◽  
North And South

scholarly journals Monitoring the Influence of the Mesoscale Ocean Dynamics on Phytoplanktonic Plumes around the Marquesas Islands Using Multi-Satellite Missions

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 2520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelina Cassianides ◽  
Elodie Martinez ◽  
Christophe Maes ◽  
Xavier Carton ◽  
Thomas Gorgues
Keyword(s):  
Finite Size ◽  
Ocean Dynamics ◽  
Dynamic Activity ◽  
Marquesas Islands ◽  
The North ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Dynamical Regimes ◽  
North And South

The Marquesas islands are a place of strong phytoplanktonic enhancement, whose original mechanisms have not been explained yet. Several mechanisms such as current−bathymetry interactions or island run-off can fertilize waters in the immediate vicinity or downstream of the islands, allowing phytoplankton enhancement. Here, we took the opportunity of an oceanographic cruise carried out at the end of 2018, to combine in situ and satellite observations to investigate two phytoplanktonic blooms occurring north and south of the archipelago. First, Lagrangian diagnostics show that both chlorophyll-a concentrations (Chl) plumes are advected from the islands. Second, the use of Finite-size Lyaponov Exponent and frontogenesis diagnostics reveal how the Chl plumes are shaped by the passage of a mesoscale cyclonic eddy in the south and by a converging front and finer-scale dynamic activity in the north. Our results based on these observations provide clues to the hypothesis of a fertilization from the islands themselves allowing phytoplankton to thrive. They also highlight the role of advection to disperse and shape the Chl plumes in two regions with contrasting dynamical regimes.

Discovery of a Sphaeroschwagerina fusuline fauna from the Raggyorcaka Lake area, northern Tibet: implications for the origin of the Qiangtang Metamorphic Belt

2015 ◽  
Vol 153 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
YI-CHUN ZHANG ◽  
SHU-ZHONG SHEN ◽  
QING-GUO ZHAI ◽  
YU-JIE ZHANG ◽  
DONG-XUN YUAN
Keyword(s):  
Lake Area ◽  
Early Permian ◽  
Metamorphic Belt ◽  
Northern Tibet ◽  
The North ◽  
North And South

AbstractThe Qiangtang Metamorphic Belt (QMB) was considered to have either formed in situ by amalgmation of the North and South Qiangtang blocks or been underthrust from the Jinsha suture and exhumed in the interior of a single ‘Qiangtang Block’. A new Sphaeroschwagerina fusuline fauna discovered in the Raggyorcaka Lake area supports the interpretation that the North and South Qiangtang blocks were separated by a wide ocean during Asselian (Early Permian) time, indicating that the QMB was formed by the suturing of the Palaeotethys Ocean along the Longmu Co-Shuanghu suture.

scholarly journals Geochemical evaluation of land use at a medieval harbor site in Masuda City, Chugoku region, Japan

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Dalai Banzragch ◽  
Hiroaki Ishiga ◽  
Damdinpurev Nasandulam
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
The North ◽  
Geochemical Evaluation ◽  
Geochemical Variations ◽  
Anthropogenic Processes ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
North And South

A large-scale Medieval harbor site has been recently discovered at Nakazu-Higashihara in Masuda City, Chugoku region, Japan. The Medieval harbor site is divided into north and south areas. The concentration of 22 elements in soil samples from the north of the harbor site was determined in order to identify the geochemical signatures of the Medieval harbor site. The evidence described in the north area is an example of identification of both natural and anthropogenic processes that lead to geochemical variations within the archaeological soils. The north area of the site contains silt and sandy soils characterized by highest concentration of Zr and relatively low levels of most other elements (except for Sr and TS). Negative or weak positive correlations between TiO2 and MnO, and CaO and P2O5 in the north area indicate that this association of elements represents an ancient anthropogenic signature, especially related to residential sites in all soil types. Correlation between TiO2 and Ni, Y, Nb, Zr, Th, and Fe2O3 did not reflect the anthropogenic history. However, these elements and their ratios can be used to identify sources, as well as to establish baseline concentration of other elements which are influenced by anthropogenic and detrital inputs.

scholarly journals Plankton community in the western waters of North-Sumatera during the onset monsoon of Asian winter

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Mochamad Ramdhan Firdaus ◽  
Nurul Fitriya ◽  
Praditya Avianto ◽  
Hanif Budi Prayitno ◽  
A'an Johan Wahyudi
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Plankton Community ◽  
The North ◽  
Water Characteristics ◽  
Aquatic Food Chain ◽  
Aquatic Food ◽  
North And South

The western waters of North-Sumatera experience dynamic environmental changes during the onset monsoon of the Asian winter. Those changes certainly will affect the distribution of marine organisms, especially the plankton. Plankton is the foundation of the aquatic food chain and plays an important role as the entry gate of solar energy to the water trophic systems. This study aims to investigate the plankton community and its correlation with the environmental factors during the onset monsoon of the Asian winter. Plankton samples were collected, along with water samples and in-situ measurement for environmental parameters determination from western waters of North-Sumatera (95°E – 93°N) in November-December 2017. Plankton samples were taken by vertically hauling (500 m) using Modified Twin Plankton Net with 80 µm mesh size for phytoplankton and 300 µm for zooplankton. Temperature, salinity, and density of waters were measured using CTD SBE 911 – Plus. The nutrients, including orthophosphate, nitrate, and silicate, measured using autoanalyzer Skalar SAN++. Thirty genera of phytoplankton and 44 taxa groups of zooplankton were found. The phytoplankton community dominated by Thallassionema, while the zooplankton dominated by Calanoida. There was a difference in the composition of plankton communities between the north and south parts of the study area. It was probably influenced by different water masses between those two regions indicated by the dissimilarity of their water characteristics. Based on the analysis of the T-S diagram, it is likely that the north community influenced by Bengal Bay Water while the south community influenced by the Indian Equatorial Water.

Subthermocline eddies in the Philippine Sea in 2017 to 2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Woong Shin ◽  
Jae Hak Lee
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Topography ◽  
Western Boundary ◽  
Intermediate Water ◽  
Surface Currents ◽  
North Pacific Intermediate Water ◽  
Philippine Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
Monitoring Service ◽  
North And South

&lt;p&gt;In the tropical western Pacific, both of the North and South Equatorial Currents terminate with meeting oceanic continents and form the Equatorial Counter Currents and the Low Latitude Western Boundary Currents (LLWBC). There is the undercurrents that flow opposite direction below the surface currents. The North Equatorial Undercurrents flow eastward having four zonal axis which is related with the LLWBC. Below the southward flowing Mindanao Currents branched from the North Equatorial Currents, there is Mindanao Undercurrents which flow northward that is thought to be a continuation of the New Guinea Coastal Undercurrents passed through the equator. In addition to these complex current systems in the Philippine Sea, eddies exists below the thermocline. Long term current mooring data showed signals of existence of the subthermocline eddies (SE). It is inferred that the SEs are formed by the interaction between the surface currents and the undercurrents and the bottom topography. Although the SE plays an important role in the heat exchange and the intermediate water mixing, it is difficult to observe and there is still much to be revealed. This study was conducted using the CMEMS (COPERNICUS Marine and Environment Monitoring Service) gridded objective analysis fields of temperature and salinity which are produced using profiles from the in-situ real time database of the global in-situ center. The gridded data was rearranged into isopycnal surfaces and analyzed for the distribution and movement of SE. The distributions of the isopycnal layer thicknesses were presented based on the core density of the North Pacific Intermediate Water and Antarctic Intermediate Water and compared to the previous studies.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Decrease in the Autotrophic-to-Heterotrophic Biomass Ratio of Picoplankton in Oligotrophic Marine Waters Due to Bottle Enclosure

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (16) ◽  
pp. 5739-5746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Calvo-Díaz ◽  
Laura Díaz-Pérez ◽  
Luis Ángel Suárez ◽  
Xosé Anxelu G. Morán ◽  
Eva Teira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Respiration ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The North ◽  
Incubation Experiments ◽  
Biomass Ratio ◽  
Lagrangian Study ◽  
Biased Estimates ◽  
North And South

ABSTRACTWe investigated the effects of bottle enclosure on autotrophic and heterotrophic picoplankton in North and South subtropical Atlantic oligotrophic waters, where the biomass and metabolism of the microbial community are dominated by the picoplankton size class. We measured changes in both autotrophic (Prochlorococcus,Synechococcus, and picoeukaryotes) and heterotrophic picoplankton biomass during three time series experiments and in 16 endpoint experiments over 24 h in light and dark treatments. Our results showed a divergent effect of bottle incubation on the autotrophic and heterotrophic components of the picoplankton community. The biomass of picophytoplankton showed, on average, a >50% decrease, mostly affecting the picoeukaryotes and, to a lesser extent,Prochlorococcus. In contrast, the biomass of heterotrophic bacteria remained constant or increased during the incubations. We also sampled 10 stations during a Lagrangian study in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre, which enabled us to compare the observed changes in the auto- to heterotrophic picoplankton biomass ratio (AB:HB ratio) inside the incubation bottles with those taking placein situ. While the AB:HB ratioin situremained fairly constant during the Lagrangian study, it decreased significantly during the 24 h of incubation experiments. Thus, the rapid biomass changes observed in the incubations are artifacts resulting from bottle confinement and do not take place in natural conditions. Our results suggest that short (<1 day) bottle incubations in oligotrophic waters may lead to biased estimates of the microbial metabolic balance by underestimating primary production and/or overestimating bacterial respiration.

Stratigraphic relevance of macro- and microplastics in alluvial sediments – a first assessment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Collin J. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Sedimentation Rates ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Alluvial Sediments ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Floodplain Soils

&lt;p&gt;Today it seems that we are living in the &amp;#8220;plastic age&amp;#8221;. But plastics as an anthropogenic material element and environmental pollutant has only been in widespread use for about seven decades. The occurrence of both macro- and microplastics in different marine and terrestrial environments provides the possibility to consider plastics as stratigraphic markers. The young age of plastic polymers, the global increase in plastic production since the 1950s and their resistance against environmental degradation, could turn plastics to a useful stratal component. This applies for stratigraphic consideration and also for geoarchaeological issues.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;First results from the &amp;#8220;Microplastics in floodplain soils&amp;#8221; (MiFS) project, investigating the spatial dynamics of microplastic in floodplain soils, allow know a first assessment about the stratigraphic relevance of plastics in alluvial sediments. Alluvial sediments in floodplain areas are known as dynamic chemical and physical sinks as well as spatial transport corridors for sediments and pollutants. Therefore, floodplain soils could also act as an accumulation area for macro- and microplastics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Four transects in the floodplain cross section distributed in the catchment area of the Lahn river, located in the central German low mountain range, were sampled to a depth of two meters. Samples were dried, sieved and the fractions &amp;#707; 2 mm were analyzed visually using a stereomicroscope and identification criteria. In order to prevent an overestimation, the supposed plastic objects were analyzed using ATR-FTIR spectroscope. The larger microplastic fraction analyzed here seems to be particularly suitable for stratigraphic considerations, since this fraction is less suitable for in-situ displacements by natural processes. The macro- and microplastic data was compared with sediment ages and sedimentation rates from a literature enquiry.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The results of macroplastics (&amp;#707; 5 mm) and larger microplastic (&amp;#707; 2 mm) contents show that plastic is detectable down to a depth of 70 cm. Common polymer types like PE-LD, PE-HD, PP, PS, PMMA, PVC, PET and others could be identified. At the surface and topsoils, macroplastic accumulations are found on a) river banks (superficial in vegetation or young sandy river bank depositions) and on b) fields under agricultural use. In subsoil samples 75,75 % of identified plastic particles are found in near channel samples located at the river embankment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Comparing the distribution of macro- and larger microplastics in floodplain soils with sediment ages, sedimentation rates and floodplain morphology, it can be concluded that a deposition of the plastic particles in the natural sedimentation process could only be expected for near channel embankments. In other areas of the floodplain, an in-situ vertical displacement of the plastic particles by tillage or natural processes appears most probable, as the sediments must be significantly older. The application of plastics and especially microplastics as a stratal component in alluvial sediments must therefore be further discussed and investigated.&lt;/p&gt;

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