scholarly journals FROM SURVEY TO MODEL, AND RETURN. THE CASE OF THE PARMA BAPTISTERY

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W9 ◽  
pp. 801-808
Author(s):  
A. Zerbi ◽  
S. Mikolajewska
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Monumental Architecture ◽  
Survey Techniques ◽  
Levels Of Detail ◽  
Three Dimensional Representation ◽  
The Creation

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Although this is not always the common practice, the survey should be an essential preliminary stage to any operation of restoration, enhancement and promotion of cultural heritage. Today, various surveying techniques make it possible to collect large amounts of data quickly and to provide a complete three-dimensional representation of extremely complex artefacts. In fact, 3D models allow a much richer description than traditional 2D representations. However, these survey techniques (laser scanner and photogrammetry above all) necessarily imply that the data that must be elaborated during the processing phase increase dramatically. It is therefore essential to identify methods and workflows that allow to find a compromise between the richness and completeness of the survey data and the problems inherent in the costs and times of execution of the modelling operations. The problem is further heightened by the fact that the importance of historical monumental architecture inevitably requires the use of different techniques integrated with each other, the production of documentation at different scales with different levels of detail and the creation of a 3D model that has the ability to be used for different purposes. This paper describes the survey of one of the most important medieval monuments in northern Italy, the Parma Baptistery, with a special focus on the phase of data restitution. The integrated survey campaigns conducted in recent years have aimed to describe the building in its totality: from the scale of the architecture to the detail, passing through the description of the pictorial cycle that characterizes the interior. This case study represents a moment of reflection, at least for those who wrote it, on the validity of the methods and techniques to be used for the creation of a complete 3D model of a complex historical monument.</p>

scholarly journals Structured-light 3D scanning of exhibited historical clothing—a first-ever methodical trial and its results

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Montusiewicz ◽  
Marek Miłosz ◽  
Jacek Kęsik ◽  
Kamil Żyła
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Structured Light ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
3D Scanning ◽  
Dimensional Representation ◽  
3D Scanner ◽  
Three Dimensional Representation ◽  
3D Scanners

AbstractHistorical costumes are part of cultural heritage. Unlike architectural monuments, they are very fragile, which exacerbates the problems of their protection and popularisation. A big help in this can be the digitisation of their appearance, preferably using modern techniques of three-dimensional representation (3D). The article presents the results of the search for examples and methodologies of implementing 3D scanning of exhibited historical clothes as well as the attendant problems. From a review of scientific literature it turns out that so far practically no one in the world has made any methodical attempts at scanning historical clothes using structured-light 3D scanners (SLS) and developing an appropriate methodology. The vast majority of methods for creating 3D models of clothes used photogrammetry and 3D modelling software. Therefore, an innovative approach was proposed to the problem of creating 3D models of exhibited historical clothes through their digitalisation by means of a 3D scanner using structural light technology. A proposal for the methodology of this process and concrete examples of its implementation and results are presented. The problems related to the scanning of 3D historical clothes are also described, as well as a proposal how to solve them or minimise their impact. The implementation of the methodology is presented on the example of scanning elements of the Emir of Bukhara's costume (Uzbekistan) from the end of the nineteenth century, consisting of the gown, turban and shoes. Moreover, the way of using 3D models and information technologies to popularise cultural heritage in the space of digital resources is also discussed.

scholarly journals Exploiting Textured 3D Models for Developing Serious Games

2015 ◽  
Vol XL-5/W7 ◽  
pp. 249-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kontogianni ◽  
A. Georgopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Serious Games ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Serious Game ◽  
Educational Game ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Military Applications ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Textured Models

Digital technologies have affected significantly many fields of computer graphics such as Games and especially the field of the Serious Games. These games are usually used for educational proposes in many fields such as Health Care, Military applications, Education, Government etc. Especially Digital Cultural Heritage is a scientific area that Serious Games are applied and lately many applications appear in the related literature. Realistic 3D textured models which have been produced using different photogrammetric methods could be a useful tool for the creation of Serious Game applications in order to make the final result more realistic and close to the reality. The basic goal of this paper is how 3D textured models which are produced by photogrammetric methods can be useful for developing a more realistic environment of a Serious Game. The application of this project aims at the creation of an educational game for the Ancient Agora of Athens. The 3D models used vary not only as far as their production methods (i.e. Time of Flight laser scanner, Structure from Motion, Virtual historical reconstruction etc.) is concerned, but also as far as their era as some of them illustrated according to their existing situation and some others according to how these monuments looked like in the past. The Unity 3D<sup>®</sup> game developing environment was used for creating this application, in which all these models were inserted in the same file format. For the application two diachronic virtual tours of the Athenian Agora were produced. The first one illustrates the Agora as it is today and the second one at the 2nd century A.D. Finally the future perspective for the evolution of this game is presented which includes the addition of some questions that the user will be able to answer. Finally an evaluation is scheduled to be performed at the end of the project.

scholarly journals From survey to semantic representation for Cultural Heritage: the 3D modeling of recurring architectural elements

ACTA IMEKO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Valeria Croce ◽  
Gabriella Caroti ◽  
Andrea Piemonte ◽  
Marco Giorgio Bevilacqua
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Semantic Representation ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Semantic Knowledge ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Building Components ◽  
Integrated Programs ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Historical Sites

The digitization of Cultural Heritage paves the way for new approaches to surveying and restitution of historical sites. With a view to the management of integrated programs of documentation and conservation, the research is now focusing on the creation of information systems where to link the digital representation of a building to semantic knowledge. With reference to the emblematic case study of the Calci Charterhouse, also known as Pisa Charterhouse, this contribution illustrates an approach to be followed in the transition from 3D survey information, derived from laser scanner and photogrammetric techniques, to the creation of semantically enriched 3D models. The proposed approach is based on the recognition -segmentation and classification- of elements on the original raw point cloud, and on the manual mapping of NURBS elements on it. For this shape recognition process, reference to architectural treatises and vocabularies of classical architecture is a key step. The created building components are finally imported in a H-BIM environment, where they are enriched with semantic information related to historical knowledge, documentary sources and restoration activities.

scholarly journals Creation of virtual 3D models of the existing architectonic structures using the web resources

Spatium ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 30-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petar Pejic ◽  
Sonja Krasic
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Web Resources ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Physical Presence ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Three Dimensional Models

Digital three-dimensional models of the existing architectonic structures are created for the purpose of digitalization of the archive documents, presentation of buildings or an urban entity or for conducting various analyses and tests. Traditional methods for the creation of 3D models of the existing buildings assume manual measuring of their dimensions, using the photogrammetry method or laser scanning. Such approaches require considerable time spent in data acquisition or application of specific instruments and equipment. The goal of this paper is presentation of the procedure for the creation of 3D models of the existing structures using the globally available web resources and free software packages on standard PCs. This shortens the time of the production of a digital three-dimensional model of the structure considerably and excludes the physical presence at the location. In addition, precision of this method was tested and compared with the results acquired in a previous research.

scholarly journals 3D MODELS OF OBJECTS IN PROCESS OF RECONSTRUCTION

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovana Radović
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanner ◽  
Accurate Data ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Airborne Laser

Within the last years terrestrial and airborne laser scanning has become a powerful technique for fast and efficient three-dimensional data acquisition of different kinds of objects. Airborne laser system (LiDAR) collects accurate georeferenced data of extremely large areas very quickly while the terrestrial laser scanner produces dense and geometrically accurate data. The combination of these two segments of laser scanning provides different areas of application. One of the applications is in the process of reconstruction of objects. Objects recorded with laser scanning technology and transferred into the final model represent the basis for building an object as it was original. In this paper, there will be shown two case studies based on usage of airborne and terrestrial laser scanning and processing of the data collected by them.

scholarly journals A Multidisciplinary Approach for Historic Buildings Diagnosis: The Case Study of the Kaisariani Monastery

Heritage ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1211-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterini T. Delegou ◽  
Georgia Mourgi ◽  
Elisavet Tsilimantou ◽  
Charalabos Ioannidis ◽  
Antonia Moropoulou
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Diagnostic Study ◽  
Thematic Maps ◽  
Architectural Drawings ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Sustainable Protection

In this work, a multi-disciplinary approach regarding diagnostic study processes is presented, using as an example the Catholicon of Kaisariani Monastery in Attica, Greece. Kaisariani Monastery is considered one of the most important Byzantine architectural complexes in Greece. The Catholicon of Kaisariani Monastery was built during the middle Byzantine period, and has undergone many reconstructions during the centuries. It is a semi-complex, four-columned, cross-in-square church, with a cloisonné masonry. The suggested diagnostic processes included the creation of multidisciplinary thematic maps in Computer Aided Design (CAD) environment, which incorporated: (a) data of historical and architectural documentation; (b) data of geometric documentation; and (c) data of building materials characterization and decay diagnosis. The historical and general architectural data were acquired by thorough bibliographical/archival research. Geometric documentation data were acquired by three-dimensional (3D) laser scanner for the creation of the Catholicon section drawings, whereas image based photogrammetric techniques were utilized for the creation of a 3D textured model, from which orthoimages and architectural drawings of the Catholicon façades were developed. In parallel, characterization of building materials and identification of decay patterns took place after the onsite application of the nondestructive techniques of digital microscopy, infrared thermography and ground penetrating radar. These vast array kinds of data were elaborated and integrated into the architectural drawings, developing thematic maps that record and represent the current preservation state of the monument, a concerning major construction phases, the most important conservation intervention projects, building materials and decay. Furthermore, data quantification regarding the extent of building materials and decay at each monument’s façade took place. Therefore, correlation and better understanding of the environmental impact on building materials according to façade orientation and historical data, e.g., construction phases, was accomplished. In conclusion, the presented processes are multidisciplinary tasks that require collaboration among architects, surveyor engineers and materials scientists/engineers. They are also prerequisites for the planning and application of compatible and efficient conservation/restoration interventions, for the ultimate goal of the sustainable protection of a monument.

Effect of 3D Manipulatives on Students with Visual Impairments Who Are Learning Chemistry Constructs: A Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 114 (5) ◽  
pp. 370-381
Author(s):  
Derrick W. Smith ◽  
Sandra A. Lampley ◽  
Bob Dolan ◽  
Greg Williams ◽  
David Schleppenbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Education ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Atomic Orbital ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Specific Content ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printed Materials ◽  
Tactile Graphics

Introduction: The emerging technology of three-dimensional (3D) printing has the potential to provide unique 3D modeling to support specific content in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education, particularly chemistry. Method: Seventeen ( n = 17) students with visual impairments were provided direct instruction on chemistry atomic orbital content and allowed to use either print or tactile graphics or 3D models in rotating order. Participants were asked specific content questions based upon the atomic orbitals. Results: The students were asked two sets of comprehension questions: general and specific. Overall, students’ responses for general questions increased per iteration regardless of which manipulative was used. For specific questions, the students answered more questions correctly when using the 3D model regardless of order. When asked about their perceptions toward the manipulatives, the students preferred the 3D model over print or tactile graphics. Discussion: The findings show the potential for 3D printed materials in learning complex STEM content. Although the students preferred the 3D models, they all mentioned that a combination of manipulatives helped them better understand the material. Implications for practitioners: Practitioners should consider the use of manipulatives that include 3D printed materials to support STEM education.

scholarly journals Dissemination Strategies for Cultural Heritage: The Case of the Tomb of Zechariah in Jerusalem, Israel

Heritage ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 306-314
Author(s):  
Monica Bercigli
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Digital Products ◽  
Survey Techniques ◽  
Survey Technique ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
Visualization Techniques ◽  
Historical References

This paper reports the research carried out using Structure from Motion survey techniques, which were developed on the basis of previous surveys and their subsequent representation through two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) drawings of the tomb, comparing them with drawings and watercolors by several painters of the past. This survey technique enables the reconstruction of three-dimensional models through photographs. The aim of this work is to define a procedural process which allows accurate and reliable three-dimensional reconstructions to be performed for the acquisition of knowledge and the dissemination of cultural heritage, taking advantage of representation and visualization techniques that have been developed in the last decade and that are based on historical references. The variety of digital products which can be produced (video games, 3D models, prints, websites, and augmented reality applications) allows a different approach to the representation to be taken, thereby re-evaluating limits, aims, and expressive potential. The virtual representative systems, enriched with cultural content, scientific information, and data, enhance the participation and awareness of knowledge of the final users of the products and are able to increase the interaction between the user and the information.

Models partition for 3D printing objects using skeleton

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaotong Jiang ◽  
Xiaosheng Cheng ◽  
Qingjin Peng ◽  
Luming Liang ◽  
Ning Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Sweep Method ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Working Volume ◽  
Minima Rule ◽  
The Greedy Algorithm

Purpose It is a challenge to print a model with the size that is larger than the working volume of a three-dimensional (3D) printer. The purpose of this paper is to present a feasible approach to divide a large model into small printing parts to fit the volume of a printer and then assemble these parts into the final model. Design/methodology/approach The proposed approach is based on the skeletonization and the minima rule. The skeleton of a printing model is first extracted using the mesh contraction and the principal component analysis. The 3D model is then partitioned preliminarily into many smaller parts using the space sweep method and the minima rule. The preliminary partition is finally optimized using the greedy algorithm. Findings The skeleton of a 3D model can effectively represent a simplified version of the geometry of the 3D model. Using a model’s skeleton to partition the model is an efficient way. As it is generally desirable to have segmentations at concave creases and seams, the cutting position should be located in the concave region. The proposed approach can partition large models effectively to well retain the integrity of meaningful parts. Originality/value The proposed approach is new in the rapid prototyping field using the model skeletonization and the minima rule. Based on the authors’ knowledge, there is no method that concerns the integrity of meaningful parts for partitioning. The proposed method can achieve satisfactory results by the integrity of meaningful parts and assemblability for most 3D models.

METHDOS OF EFFECTIVE DESIGN FOR CREATING OF PARAMETRIC 3D-MODELS OF PRODUCTS USING THE INTERNAL CAPABILITIES OF CAD-PROGRAMS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Petrakova
Keyword(s):  
Programming Languages ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Parametric Modeling ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Internal Capabilities ◽  
Program Components ◽  
Effective Design

It is known that the development of a three-dimensional parametric model is a creative process, since the same 3D-model can be built in various ways. In the article the methods for effective design of parametric 3D-models with the help of internal capabilities of CAD-program without the use of programming languages (macros) is developed. Using the methods and recommendations discussed in the article on the example of Autodesk Inventor functionality will allow the engineer to design parametric three-dimensional products in CAD-programs in the most rational way, reducing the number of errors. Recommendations for effective control of 3D-model parameters during creating of Assembly parts and 2D-drawings are given. Using the functionality discussed in the article will be useful for engineers using parametric modeling methods to create typical products, optimization and analysis of structures, development of their own database of standard products that are not in the library of CAD-program components.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document