scholarly journals Fabrication of antibiotic-loaded dissolvable calcium sulfate beads: an in vitro mixing lab utilizing various antibiotic mixing formulas

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 405-412
Author(s):  
Edward J. McPherson ◽  
Matthew V. Dipane ◽  
Madhav Chowdhry ◽  
Andrew J. Wassef
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agent ◽  
Operating Room ◽  
Periprosthetic Joint Infection ◽  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Joint Infection ◽  
Adjunctive Treatment ◽  
Standard Formula ◽  
Radical Debridement

Abstract. Chronic periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a devastating complication that requires an aggressive eradication protocol. Local antimicrobial delivery via dissolvable calcium sulfate (CaSO4) using small-sized beads (3–8 mm) has been utilized as an adjunctive treatment combined with implant exchange, radical debridement, and antimicrobial loaded acrylic spacers. The non-exothermic setting of CaSO4 theoretically allows for any antimicrobial agent to be used, so long as mixing methods provide a consistent fabrication within a reasonable set time. This study performed the first in vitro mixing study, in which various antimicrobial agents, used singularly and in combination, were mixed with a synthetic CaSO4 product to observe and document their interactions. The study was performed in a simulated operating room environment. We report a standard mix formula with set times, testing 22 different antimicrobial agents, combinations, and doses. For some antimicrobials and combinations, set times using the standard formula were either too fast or exceedingly slow. For these 14 antimicrobial agents and combinations, we were able to arrive at individualized mixing methods. We present all mixing formulas and set times. In all, we were able to establish mixing methods that incorporate all antimicrobial agents and combinations that we have seen utilized via surgeon-directed use.

scholarly journals Nα-lauroyl-l-arginine ethyl ester monohydrochloride, an antimicrobial agent and its use: a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e6059108996
Author(s):  
Joyce Fagundes Gomes Motta ◽  
Regiane Ribeiro-Santos ◽  
Maria Clara Guimarães ◽  
Lívia de Aquino Garcia Moura ◽  
Letícia Vitorazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agent ◽  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Food Preservation ◽  
Spoilage Microorganisms ◽  
Strong Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Insight Into

Growing demand for safe foods coupled with the intent to reduce food waste, seeing as much of it is lost through contamination by spoilage microorganisms, leads to research on antimicrobial agents such as LAE (Nα-lauroyl-L-arginine ethyl ester monohydrochloride). This compound has great antimicrobial potential against a range of microorganisms and, therefore, its use may be of extreme importance for the food industry in the search for antimicrobial agents with a broad spectrum of action. Thus, the objective of this article is to review the research involving LAE, when studied in vitro, in vivo and in the incorporation in different packaging in order to be released in a controlled manner for food products. In conclusion, despite the fact that it has a strong antimicrobial activity, it is still little known and is not accepted in all countries, including Brazil. With greater insight into this antimicrobial agent, more countries could use it, supporting worldwide in food preservation.

Phage Activity Against Planktonic and Biofilm Staphylococcus aureus Periprosthetic Joint Infection Isolates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine M. Caflisch ◽  
Robin Patel
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Successful Treatment ◽  
Periprosthetic Joint Infection ◽  
Joint Infection ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Small Colony Variant ◽  
Small Colony ◽  
Planktonic State ◽  
Phage Activity

We recently reported the successful treatment of a case of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) with phage. Phage activity against bacteria causing PJI has not been systematically evaluated. Here we examined the in vitro activity of seven lytic phages against 122 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus recovered between April 1999 and February 2018 from subjects with PJI. Phages were assessed against planktonic and biofilm phenotypes. Activity of individual phages was demonstrated against up to 73% of bacterial isolates in the planktonic state and up to 100% of biofilms formed by isolates that were planktonically phage-susceptible. Susceptibility to phage was not correlated with small colony variant status. These results demonstrate that phages can infect S. aureus causing PJI in both planktonic and biofilm phenotypes, and thus are worthy of investigation as an alternative or addition to antibiotics in this setting.

scholarly journals Effect of Blue Light and Photosensitizers on Cutibacterium acnes on Shoulder Periprosthetic Joint Infection Isolates

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-197
Author(s):  
Swati Bhargava ◽  
Thomas Listopadzki ◽  
Sara Diletti ◽  
John K. Crane ◽  
Thomas R. Duquin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Periprosthetic Joint Infection ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Joint Infection ◽  
Prosthetic Joint ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Cutibacterium Acnes

Abstract. Introduction: Cutibacterium acnes is gaining recognition as a leading pathogen after orthopaedic shoulder procedures. Photodynamic therapy, a combination of light and a photosensitizer, has demonstrated antimicrobial activity against C. acnes in the treatment of acne vulgaris. We sought to evaluate the effect of photodynamic therapy using blue light and photosensitizers on C. acnes isolates from shoulder prosthetic joint infections.Methods: C. acnes strains isolated from 19 patients with shoulder PJI were exposed to blue light alone (415 nm) or in combination with photosensitizers (fluorescein, riboflavin and demeclocycline). C. acnes strains were divided into 4 categories: Highly Sensitive (HS), Sensitive (S), Weakly Sensitive (WS), Resistant to blue light.Results: 13 of 19 C. acnes strains (68%) were S or HS to blue light alone. Of these 19 strains tested, 11 were tested with blue light and fluorescein or blue light plus riboflavin. Fluorescein (1 µg/mL) enhanced the effect of blue light in 6 of 11 strains (55%). Blue light plus riboflavin (10 µg/mL) resulted enhanced killing in 3 of 11 strains (27%), but produced a paradoxical photoprotective effect in 4 of 11 strains (36%), resulting in a net decrease compared to blue light alone. Demeclocycline, however, enhanced the effect of blue light in 16 of 17 strains (94 %).Conclusions: Blue light with the addition of photosensitizers killed C. acnes from periprosthetic shoulder infections in vitro, with demeclocycline having the most pronounced effect.

In vitro activity of TNP-2092 against periprosthetic joint infection–associated staphylococci

2020 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 115040
Author(s):  
Cody R. Fisher ◽  
Suzannah M. Schmidt-Malan ◽  
Zhenkun Ma ◽  
Ying Yuan ◽  
Shijie He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periprosthetic Joint Infection ◽  
Joint Infection ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity

scholarly journals In Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Helicobacter felis, H. bizzozeronii, and H. salomonis

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 2997-3000 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Van den Bulck ◽  
A. Decostere ◽  
I. Gruntar ◽  
M. Baele ◽  
B. Krt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agent ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Helicobacter Felis ◽  
Agar Dilution

ABSTRACT The susceptibilities of Helicobacter felis (15 strains), H. bizzozeronii (7 strains), and H. salomonis (3 strains) to 10 antimicrobial agents were investigated by determination of the MIC using the agar dilution method. No consistent differences were noticed between the different Helicobacter species, which were all highly susceptible to ampicillin, clarithromycin, tetracycline, tylosin, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, and neomycin, as demonstrated by low MICs. Higher MICs were obtained for lincomycin (up to 8 μg/ml) and spectinomycin (up to 4 μg/ml). Two H. felis strains showed a MIC of 16 μg/ml for metronidazole, suggesting acquired resistance to this antimicrobial agent.

Preparation of a Novel Complex Antimicrobial Agent and its Antimicrobial Activity In Vitro

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 1030-1038
Author(s):  
Peng Li ◽  
Wei Guo Wang ◽  
Yu Jia Cui ◽  
Yong Liang Zhao ◽  
Ya Nan Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agent ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Orthogonal Experiments ◽  
Novel Complex ◽  
Cefoperazone Sodium ◽  
Complex Antimicrobial Agent

Purpose To develop a novel complex antimicrobial agent and determine the optimal components of the composite antimicrobial agents and its antimicrobial activity in vitro. Methods According to antimicrobial mechanisms，antibacterial spectrums，physical and chemical properties and applicabilities of existing antimicrobial agents in clinical use, select out cefoperazone sodium, sulbactam sodium and cephradine as the basic components to make a novel complex antimicrobial agent. Utilize yeast, staphylococcus aureus and E. coli bacteria as test bacteria. Do the three factors four-level orthogonal experiments by the maximum amount, the middle amount, low amount and Minimum amount of the three-component agent to research the optimum ratio of the drug. Measure the titer of the compound antimicrobial agent by the way of tube-plate method (2 doses). With known contents of Penicillin Sodium for Injection as control, and determine its minimum inhibitory concentration against staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and yeast by using the agar doubling dilution method. The experimental results were analysized by statistical analysis software SPSS16.0. Results The results of the three factors four-level orthogonal experiments indicate the optimum ratios of Cefoperazone Sodium, Sulbactam Sodium and Cephradine against E. coli, yeast and staphylococcus aureus were 2:2:3, 1:2:2 and 2:6:5, their titers were 1353.9U/mg, 982.7U/mg and 1015.5U/mg. With the highest titer proportion 2:2:3 as the composition of the antimicrobial compound. This compound antimicrobial agent had a good antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and Fungi, its minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) against staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and yeast were 2.000μg/ml, 0.500μg/ml and 16.000μg/ml. Conclusion This research acquires a composite of antibiotics. This antimicrobial compound has a broader spectrum and higher antimicrobial activity in vitro comparing with traditional common single antibiotics, and it especially has a good antimicrobial activity against fungi. The results set a scientific foundation for enriching clinical medicines.

Poor Outcomes of Irrigation and Debridement in Acute Periprosthetic Joint Infection With Antibiotic-Impregnated Calcium Sulfate Beads

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 2505-2507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Flierl ◽  
Brian M. Culp ◽  
Kamil T. Okroj ◽  
Bryan D. Springer ◽  
Brett R. Levine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periprosthetic Joint Infection ◽  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Joint Infection ◽  
Irrigation And Debridement ◽  
Poor Outcomes

scholarly journals In Vitro Effects of Antimicrobial Agents on Planktonic and Biofilm Forms of Staphylococcus lugdunensis Clinical Isolates

2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 888-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristi L. Frank ◽  
Emily J. Reichert ◽  
Kerryl E. Piper ◽  
Robin Patel
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Joint Infection ◽  
Staphylococcus Lugdunensis ◽  
Native Valve ◽  
Intrinsic Nature ◽  
Prosthetic Joint ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Unexpected Outcome

ABSTRACT Staphylococcus lugdunensis is an atypically virulent coagulase-negative staphylococcal species associated with acute and destructive infections that often resemble Staphylococcus aureus infections. Several types of infection caused by S. lugdunensis (e.g., native valve endocarditis, prosthetic joint infection, and intravascular catheter infection) are associated with biofilm formation, which may lead to an inability to eradicate the infection due to the intrinsic nature of biofilms to resist high levels of antibiotics. In this study, planktonic MICs and MBCs and biofilm bactericidal concentrations of 10 antistaphylococcal antimicrobial agents were measured for 15 S. lugdunensis isolates collected from patients with endocarditis, medical device infections, or skin and soft tissue infections. Planktonic isolates were susceptible to all agents studied, but biofilms were resistant to high concentrations of most of the drugs. However, moxifloxacin was able to kill 73% of isolates growing in biofilms at ≤0.5 μg/ml. Relative to the effect on cell density, subinhibitory concentrations of nafcillin substantially stimulated biofilm formation of most isolates, whereas tetracycline and linezolid significantly decreased biofilm formation in 93 and 80% of isolates, respectively. An unexpected outcome of MBC testing was the observation that vancomycin was not bactericidal against 93% of S. lugdunensis isolates, suggesting widespread vancomycin tolerance in this species. These data provide insights into the response of S. lugdunensis isolates when challenged with various levels of antimicrobial agents in clinical use.

scholarly journals Molecular Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infection by Quantitative RT-PCR of Bacterial 16S Ribosomal RNA

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mel S. Lee ◽  
Wen-Hsin Chang ◽  
Su-Chin Chen ◽  
Pang-Hsin Hsieh ◽  
Hsin-Nung Shih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Molecular Diagnosis ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Periprosthetic Joint Infection ◽  
Joint Infection ◽  
16S Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Purulent Discharge ◽  
Fistula Tract ◽  
Culture Negative

The diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection is sometimes straightforward with purulent discharge from the fistula tract communicating to the joint prosthesis. However it is often difficult to differentiate septic from aseptic loosening of prosthesis because of the high culture-negative rates in conventional microbiologic culture. This study used quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to amplify bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA in vitro and in 11 clinical samples. The in vitro analysis demonstrated that the RT-qPCR method was highly sensitive with the detection limit of bacterial 16S rRNA being 0.148 pg/μl. Clinical specimens were analyzed using the same protocol. The RT-qPCR was positive for bacterial detection in 8 culture-positive cases (including aerobic, anaerobic, and mycobacteria) and 2 culture-negative cases. It was negative in one case that the final diagnosis was confirmed without infection. The molecular diagnosis of bacterial infection using RT-qPCR to detect bacterial 16S rRNA around a prosthesis correlated well with the clinical findings. Based on the promising clinical results, we were attempting to differentiate bacterial species or drug-resistant strains by using species-specific primers and to detect the persistence of bacteria during the interim period before the second stage reimplantation in a larger scale of clinical subjects.

scholarly journals 1255. In Vitro Activity of Vancapticin against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Periprosthetic Joint Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S645-S645
Author(s):  
Hye-Kyung Cho ◽  
Melissa J Karau ◽  
Kerryl E Greenwood-Quaintance ◽  
Karl A Hansford ◽  
Matthew A Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Periprosthetic Joint Infection ◽  
Mayo Clinic ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Joint Infection ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Material Support

Abstract Background The vancapticins are modified vancomycin derivatives developed by adding membrane targeting motifs to the C-terminus of vancomycin. We determined the in vitro activity of a lead vancapticin candidate against periprosthetic joint infection-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the planktonic and biofilm states, and the effect of adding 0.002% polysorbate 80 (P-80; Sigma-Aldrich) on vancapticin susceptibility testing. Methods Thirty-seven clinical isolates of MRSA collected at Mayo Clinic (Rochester, Minnesota) were studied. Vancapticin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institutes guidelines. Minimum biofilm bactericidal concentrations (MBBCs) were determined using a pegged lid microtiter plate assay. Vancapticin MIC and MBBC values were assessed with and without P-80. Vancapticin, vancomycin, and dalbavancin biofilm time-kill assays were performed using biofilms formed by 10 MRSA isolates on Teflon coupons. Results Vancapticin MICs with and without P-80 ranged from 0.015 to 0.12 μg/mL and 0.25 to 1 μg/mL, respectively. Vancapticin MBBCs with and without P-80 ranged from 0.25 to 4 μg/mL and 1 to 8 μg/mL, respectively. Reductions of biofilm bacterial densities on Teflon coupons after 8 and 24 hours of incubation with vancapticin, vancapticin with P-80, vancomycin, or dalbavancin with P-80 were less than 3-log10 cfu/cm2 for all isolates tested. Conclusion Vancapticin has promising in vitro activity against planktonic MRSA and MRSA in a pegged lid biofilm assay, but was not bactericidal against biofilms on Teflon coupons. P-80 decreased vancapticin MICs and MBBCs. Disclosures Mark A. Blaskovich, PhD, MAB Consulting (Consultant)The University of Queensland (Employee, Grant/Research Support, Other Financial or Material Support, Inventor on patent) Robin Patel, MD, Accelerate Diagnostics (Grant/Research Support)CD Diagnostics (Grant/Research Support)Contrafect (Grant/Research Support)Curetis (Consultant)GenMark Diagnostics (Consultant)Heraeus Medical (Consultant)Hutchison Biofilm Medical Solutions (Grant/Research Support)Merck (Grant/Research Support)Next Gen Diagnostics (Consultant)PathoQuest (Consultant)Qvella (Consultant)Samsung (Other Financial or Material Support, Dr. Patel has a patent on Bordetella pertussis/parapertussis PCR issued, a patent on a device/method for sonication with royalties paid by Samsung to Mayo Clinic, and a patent on an anti-biofilm substance issued.)Selux Dx (Consultant)Shionogi (Grant/Research Support)Specific Technologies (Consultant)

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