scholarly journals Vancomycin bone and tissue concentrations following tibial intraosseous administration – evaluated in a porcine model

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
Josephine Olsen Kipp ◽  
Pelle Hanberg ◽  
Josefine Slater ◽  
Line Møller Nielsen ◽  
Stig Storgaard Jakobsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Drug Concentration ◽  
Porcine Model ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Tissue Concentrations ◽  
Concentration Time ◽  
Intramedullary Canal ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract. Introduction. Systemic perioperative vancomycin may not provide sufficient prophylactic target-site concentrations in the prevention of prosthetic joint infections. Intraosseous vancomycin potentially provides high target-site concentrations. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the local bone and tissue concentrations following tibial intraosseous vancomycin administration in a porcine model. Methods. Eight pigs received 500 mg diluted vancomycin (50 mg/mL) through an intraosseous cannula into the proximal tibial cancellous bone. No tourniquet was applied. Microdialysis was applied for sampling of vancomycin concentrations in adjacent tibial cancellous bone, in cortical bone, in the intramedullary canal of the diaphysis, in the synovial fluid of the knee joint, and in the subcutaneous tissue. Plasma samples were obtained as a systemic reference. Samples were collected for 12 h. Results. High vancomycin concentrations were found in the tibial cancellous bone with a mean peak drug concentration of 1236 (range 28–5295) µg/mL, which remained high throughout the sampling period. The mean (standard deviation) peak drug concentration in plasma was 19 (2) µg/mL, which was obtained immediately after administration. Peak drug concentration, time to peak drug concentration, and area under the concentration–time curve were within the same range in the intramedullary canal, the synovial fluid of the knee, and the subcutaneous tissue. Conclusion. Tibial intraosseous administration of vancomycin provided high concentrations in tibial cancellous bone throughout a 12 h period but with an unpredictable and wide range of peak concentration. The systemic absorption was high and immediate, thus mirroring an intravenous administration. Low mean concentrations were found in all the remaining compartments.

Local Vancomycin Concentrations after Intra-articular Injection into the Knee Joint: An Experimental Porcine Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats Bue ◽  
Maja B. Thomassen ◽  
Ole H. Larsen ◽  
Andrea R. Jørgensen ◽  
Maiken Stilling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Drug Concentration ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Prosthetic Joint Infections

AbstractIntra-articular injection of vancomycin may be an important antimicrobial prophylactic supplement to systemic administration in the prevention of prosthetic joint infections. In eight female pigs, 500 mg of diluted vancomycin was given by intra-articular injection into the knee joint. Microdialysis was used for dense sampling of vancomycin concentrations over 12 hours in the synovial fluid of the knee joint, and in the adjacent femoral and tibial cancellous bone and subcutaneous tissue. Venous blood samples were obtained as reference. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) peak drug concentration of vancomycin in the synovial fluid of the knee joint was 5,277 (5,668) μg/mL. Only one pig failed to reach a peak drug concentration above 1,000 μg/mL. The concentration remained high throughout the sampling interval with a mean (SD) concentration of 337 (259) μg/mL after 690 minutes. For all extraarticular compartments, the pharmacokinetic parameters (area under the concentration time-curve, peak drug concentration, and time to peak drug concentration) were comparable. The highest extraarticular mean (SD) peak drug concentration of 4.4 (2.3) μg/mL was found in subcutaneous tissue. An intra-articular injection of 500 mg diluted vancomycin was found to provide significant prophylactic mean concentrations for at least 12 hours in the synovial fluid of the knee joint. Correspondingly, the adjacent tissue and plasma concentrations were low but remained stable, signifying low risk of systemic toxic side effects and a slow release or uptake from the synovium to the systemic circulation.

scholarly journals 322. Evaluation of the BioFire® Bone and Joint Infection (BJI) Panel for the Detection of Microorganisms and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Synovial Fluid Specimens

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S233-S234
Author(s):  
Corrin Graue ◽  
Bryan H Schmitt ◽  
Amy Waggoner ◽  
Frederic Laurent ◽  
Lelia Abad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Joint Infection ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Bone And Joint Infection ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Background Bone and Joint Infections (BJIs) present with non-specific symptoms that may include pain, swelling, and fever and are associated with high morbidity and significant risk of mortality. BJIs can be caused by a variety of bacteria and fungi, including anaerobes and microorganisms that can be challenging to culture or identify by traditional microbiological methods. Clinicians primarily rely on culture to identify the pathogen(s) responsible for infection. The BioFire® Bone and Joint Infection (BJI) Panel (BioFire Diagnostics, Salt Lake City, UT) is designed to detect 15 gram-positive bacteria (including seven anaerobes), 14 gram-negative bacteria (including one anaerobe), two yeast, and eight antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes from synovial fluid specimens in about an hour. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of an Investigational Use Only (IUO) version of the BioFire BJI Panel compared to various reference methods. Methods Remnant synovial fluid specimens, which were collected for routine clinical care at 13 study sites in the US and Europe, underwent testing using an IUO version of the BioFire BJI Panel. Performance of this test was determined by comparison to Standard of Care (SoC) consisting of bacterial culture performed at each study site according to their routine procedures. Results A total of 1544 synovial fluid specimens were collected and tested with the BioFire BJI Panel. The majority of specimens were from knee joints (77.9%) and arthrocentesis (79.4%) was the most common collection method. Compared to SoC culture, overall sensitivity was 90.2% and specificity was 99.8%. The BioFire BJI Panel yielded a total of 268 Detected results, whereas SoC yielded a total of 215 positive results for on-panel analytes. Conclusion The BioFire BJI Panel is a sensitive, specific, and robust test for rapid detection of a wide range of analytes in synovial fluid specimens. The number of microorganisms and resistance genes included in the BioFire BJI Panel, together with a reduced time-to-result and increased diagnostic yield compared to culture, is expected to aid in the timely diagnosis and appropriate management of BJIs. Disclosures Benjamin von Bredow, PhD, BioFire (Grant/Research Support) Jennifer Dien Bard, PhD, BioFire Diagnostic (Consultant, Scientific Research Study Investigator) Bart Kensinger, PhD, BioFire Diagnostics (Employee) Benedicte Pons, PhD, bioMerieux SA (Employee) Corinne Jay, PhD, bioMerieux SA (Employee)

scholarly journals Microdialysis for the Assessment of Intervertebral Disc and Vertebral Cancellous Bone Metabolism in a Large Porcine Model

In Vivo ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 527-532
Author(s):  
MATS BUE ◽  
PELLE HANBERG ◽  
MAJA B. THOMASSEN ◽  
MIKKEL TØTTRUP ◽  
THEIS M. THILLEMANN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Porcine Model ◽  
Vertebral Cancellous Bone

scholarly journals Plasma and tissue clindamycin antimicrobial activity after parenteral administration to cats under surgical conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Passini ◽  
Laura Montoya ◽  
Martín Lupi ◽  
Paula Lorenzini ◽  
María Fabiana Landoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peak Plasma ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Dose Interval ◽  
Tissue Concentrations ◽  
Administration Routes ◽  
Infection Treatment ◽  
Plasma Concentration Ratio ◽  
Surgical Conditions

Clindamycin plasma and tissue disposition in cats under surgical conditions after a single intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM) and subcutaneous (SC) administration at a dose rate of 10 mg/kg were studied. After intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous administration, peak plasma concentrations were 10.93±3.78 μg/mL (Cp(0)), 5.93±1.18 μg/mL (Cmax)) and 6.30±0.88 μg/mL (Cmax)), respectively. Eight hours after clindamycin IV, IM and SC administration plasma concentrations declined to 2.01±0.61 μg/mL, 2.96±0.43 μg/mL and 3.36±0.97 μg/mL, respectively. Sixty to 90 minutes after clindamycin administration, tissue concentrations ranged from a minimum in subcutaneous tissue of 4.90 μg/g (IV), 3.06 μg/g (IM) and, 3.13 μg/g (SC) to a maximum in uterus of 13.41 μg/g (IV), 14.07 μg/g (IM) and, 14.44 μg/g (SC). The lowest tissue/plasma concentration ratio for the three administration routes was observed in subcutaneous tissue, while the highest was observed at genital level (ovary for IV and IM and uterus for SC). Estimated efficacy predictor (AUC/MIC), considering MIC breakpoint for bacteria isolated from animals, indicates that clindamycin administered IV, IM or SC at the studied dose is appropriated for perioperative prophylactic protocols and that given with a dose interval of 12 hours would be effective for susceptible infection treatment in cats.

scholarly journals A General Fitting Function to Estimate Apparent Reaction Orders of Kinetic Profiles

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Pollice
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Catalyst Deactivation ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Product Inhibition ◽  
Time Profile ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Concentration Time ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Reaction Orders

The rapid development of analytical methods in recent decades has resulted in a wide range of readily available and accurate reaction-monitoring techniques, which allow for easy determination of high-quality concentration-time data of chemical reactions. However, while the acquisition of kinetic data has become routine in the development of new chemical reactions and the study of their mechanisms, not all the information contained therein is utilized because of a lack of suitable analysis tools which unnecessarily complicates mechanistic studies. Herein, we report on a general method to analyze a single concentration-time profile of chemical reactions and extract information regarding the reaction order with respect to substrates, the presence of multiple kinetic regimes, and the presence of kinetic complexities, such as catalyst deactivation, product inhibition, and substrate decomposition.<br>

Letters to the Editors

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 748-748
Author(s):  
Jeffrey D. Horbar ◽  
Jerold F. Lucey ◽  
Alistair G. S. Philip
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Space ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Human Infant ◽  
Sagittal Sinus ◽  
Wide Range

The Ladd sensor is an applanation device. When applied to a thin convex membrane enclosing a fluid-filled space the sensor will accurately reflect the fluid pressures over a wide range of application forces. The artificial monkey fontanel created by Myerberg may closely approximate this situation. The human infant fontanel, however, is not a thin convex membrane. It is often flat or concave and is separated from the subarachnoid space or sagittal sinus by compressible subcutaneous tissue.

Comparison of Drug Distribution Between Intravitreal Injection and a Controlled–Release Implant in a Rabbit Eye

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupak K. Banerjee ◽  
Robert J. Lutz ◽  
Keyvan Keyhani ◽  
Robert L. Dedrick ◽  
Brian King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Intravitreal Injection ◽  
Drug Concentration ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Drug Distribution ◽  
Retinal Disease ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Common Procedure ◽  
Release Device ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Due to physiological barriers within the eye, which limit penetration of many drugs from the systemic circulation into the vitreous, the most common method of treating retinal disease is direct intravitreal injection. However, this common procedure may be inappropriate for a wide range of drugs as it may lead to highly variable concentrations potentially causing higher toxicity for tissues inside the eye and limiting therapeutic effect. A recent procedure is to use surgically implanted drug release device, called implant here, in the vitreous of the eye that allow controlled release of drug over a sustained period of time. For constant release of drug over 15 hours, a substantial reduction in peak drug concentration is predicted near the retina. When compared with the implant, a doubling of drug concentration would be expected for more than 3 hours near the retina for the intravitreal injection.

Transgressive segregation and maternal genetic effects of non–target site fluazifop-P-butyl tolerance in Zoysia spp.

Weed Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (05) ◽  
pp. 504-509
Author(s):  
Wenwen Liu ◽  
Kevin E. Kenworthy ◽  
Gregory E. MacDonald ◽  
J. Bryan Unruh ◽  
Laurie E. Trenholm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Transgressive Segregation ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Multiple Traits ◽  
Intermediate Phenotypes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Tolerant Line ◽  
Biomass Reduction

AbstractZoysia germplasm exhibit different levels of sensitivity to fluazifop-P-butyl, but the genetic factors responsible for such differences are unknown. Segregation patterns of the fluazifop-P-butyl tolerance trait were studied under greenhouse conditions. In total, 244 F1 lines were generated from multiple crosses between the tolerant line 5337-2 (non–target site tolerance) and three more-sensitive lines (123, 252, and 5330-23). Progeny segregation showed that fluazifop-P-butyl tolerance within zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.) is expressed as a quantitative trait with a wide range of intermediate phenotypes between parental phenotypes. Transgressive segregation was extensive and largely favored susceptibility in most families, but was especially evident for 5337-2 × 123 and 5337-2 × 5330-23. The segregation patterns for biomass reduction and percent injury were different within reciprocal crosses and among three different family crosses. Reciprocal effects were observed in growth reduction for 5337-2 × 5330-23, in percent injury at 3 wk after the treatment (WAT), and for 5337-2 × 252 at 6 WAT. This indicated that fluazifop-P-butyl tolerance was not completely controlled by nuclear genetic factors in 5337-2 and maternal/cytoplasmic inheritance was also partially responsible. These results suggested that fluazifop-P-butyl tolerance may be attributed to multiple genetic mechanisms, which could present a challenge for future breeding efforts because of the difficulty of fixing multiple traits within a breeding population.

Full Regeneration of Maxillary Alveolar Bone Using Autogenous Partially Demineralized Dentin Matrix and Particulate Cancellous Bone and Marrow for Implant-Supported Full Arch Rehabilitation

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayumi Umebayashi ◽  
Seigo Ohba ◽  
Tadafumi Kurogi ◽  
Sawako Noda ◽  
Izumi Asahina
Keyword(s):  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Graft Material ◽  
Oral Rehabilitation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Old Japanese ◽  
Sinus Floor Augmentation ◽  
Dentin Matrix ◽  
Demineralized Dentin Matrix ◽  
Demineralized Dentin

Autogenous partially demineralized dentin matrix (APDDM) has been reportedly used as a superior bone graft material. A 52-year-old Japanese man who exhibited severe periodontitis was referred for oral rehabilitation. He underwent wide-range anterior maxillary alveolar bone and bilateral sinus floor augmentation by grafting of a mixture of APDDM and particulate cancellous bone and marrow (PCBM); subsequently, he underwent implant-supported full arch rehabilitation. He has been followed up for 4 years after placement of the final restoration without any complications, and his physiological bone volume has been maintained. APDDM constitutes an alternative treatment that may increase the volume of graft material and might prevent rapid resorption of PCBM, because APDDM served as a scaffold for osteoblasts from PCBM. When possible, it may be useful to apply APDDM as a graft material with PCBM for large-volume alveolar bone regeneration.

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