scholarly journals Qualified temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen climatologies in a changing Adriatic Sea

Ocean Science ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 771-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lipizer ◽  
E. Partescano ◽  
A. Rabitti ◽  
A. Giorgetti ◽  
A. Crise
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
The South ◽  
Oxygen Utilization ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Synthetic Temperature ◽  
Clear Identification

Abstract. An updated climatology, based on a comprehensive data set (1911–2009) of temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen, has been produced for the whole Adriatic Sea with the variational inverse method using the DIVA (Data-Interpolating Variational Analysis) software. Climatological maps were produced at 26 levels and validated with ordinary cross-validation and with a real vs. synthetic temperature–salinity diagram intercomparison. The concept of climatology–observation misfit (COM) has been introduced as an estimate of the physical variability associated with the climatological structures. In order to verify the temporal stability of the climatology, long-term variability has been investigated in the Middle Adriatic and the South Adriatic pits, regarded as the most suitable records of possible long-term changes. Compared with previous climatologies, this study allows a clear identification of the seasonal dynamic of the southern Adriatic, where a clear oxygen minimum is typically observed in the centre of the South Adriatic Gyre. New and better resolved features emerged from this analysis: (1) below 100 m all properties profoundly differ between the central and the southern Adriatic and seem characterized by different biogeochemical dynamics; (2) the South Adriatic Pit clearly shows the remote effects of the Eastern Mediterranean Transient, while no effect is observed in the Middle Adriatic Pit; (3) the deepest part of the southern Adriatic seems now to be significantly saltier (+0.18 psu since the period 1910–1914, with an increase of +0.018 decade−1 since the late 1940s) and warmer (+0.54 °C since 1910–1914) even though a long-term temperature trend could not be statistically demonstrated; (4) the Middle Adriatic Pit shows a long-term increase in apparent oxygen utilization (+0.77 mL L−1 since 1910–1914, with a constant increase of +0.2 mL L−1 decade−1 after the 1970s).

scholarly journals Qualified temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen climatologies in a changing Adriatic Sea

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 331-390
Author(s):  
M. Lipizer ◽  
E. Partescano ◽  
A. Rabitti ◽  
A. Giorgetti ◽  
A. Crise
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Synthetic Temperature ◽  
Oxygen Utilisation ◽  
Oxygen Minimum

Abstract. An updated climatology, based on a comprehensive dataset (1911–2009) of temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen, has been produced for the whole Adriatic Sea with the Variational Inverse Method using the DIVA software. Climatological maps were produced at 26 levels and validated with Ordinary Cross Validation and with real vs. synthetic Temperature–Salinity diagram intercomparison. The concept of Climatology–Observation Misfit (COM) has been introduced as an estimate of the physical variability associated with the climatological structures. In order to verify the temporal stability of the climatology, long-term variability has been investigated in the Mid Adriatic and the South Adriatic Pits, regarded as the most suitable records of possible long-term changes. Compared with previous climatologies, this study reveals a surface temperature rise (up to 2 °C), a clear deep dissolved oxygen minimum in the South Adriatic Gyre and a bottom summer oxygen minimum in the North Adriatic. Below 100 m all properties profoundly differ between the Middle and the South Adriatic. The South Adriatic Pit clearly shows the remote effects of the Eastern Mediterranean Transient, while no effect is observed in Middle Adriatic Pits. The deepest part of the South Adriatic seems now to be significantly saltier (+0.18 since the period 1911–1914, with an increase of +0.018 decade−1 since the late 1940s) and warmer (+0.54 °C since 1911–1914), even though a long-term temperature trend could not be statistically demonstrated. Conversely, the Middle Adriatic Pits present a long-term increase in apparent oxygen utilisation (+0.77 mL L−1 since 1911–1914, with a constant increase of +0.2 mL L−1 decade−1 after the 1970s).

scholarly journals Drivers of the decadal variability of the North Ionian Gyre upper layer circulation during 1910–2010: a regional modelling study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feifei Liu ◽  
Uwe Mikolajewicz ◽  
Katharina D. Six
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Decadal Variability ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Atmospheric Forcing ◽  
Sensitivity Experiment ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The North ◽  
Upper Layer Circulation

AbstractA long simulation over the period 1901–2010 with an eddy-permitting ocean circulation model is used to study the variability of the upper layer circulation in the North Ionian Gyre (NIG) in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea (EMed). The model is driven by the atmospheric forcing from the twentieth century reanalysis data set ERA-20C, ensuring a consistent performance of the model over the entire simulation period. The main modes of variability known in the EMed, in particular the decadal reversals of the NIG upper layer circulation observed since the late 1980s are well reproduced. We find that the simulated NIG upper layer circulation prior to the observational period is characterized by long-lasting cyclonic phases with weak variability during years 1910–1940 and 1960–1985, while in the in-between period (1940–1960) quasi-decadal NIG circulation reversals occur with similar characteristics to those observed in the recent decades. Our simulation indicates that the NIG upper layer circulation is rather prone to the cyclonic mode with occasional kicks to the anticyclonic mode. The coherent variability of the NIG upper layer circulation mode and of the Adriatic Deep Water (AdDW) outflow implies that atmospheric forcing triggering strong AdDW formation is required to kick the NIG into an anticyclonic circulation 1–2 years later. A sensitivity experiment mimicking a cold winter event over the Adriatic Sea supports this hypothesis. Our simulation shows that it is the multi-decadal variability of the salinity in the Adriatic Sea that leads to periods where low salinity prevents strong AdDW formation events. This explains the absence of quasi-decadal NIG reversals during 1910–1940 and 1960–1985.

scholarly journals 1240. Antibiotic Prescribing in US Nursing Homes Using National Pharmacy Transaction Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S377-S377
Author(s):  
Danielle Palms ◽  
Sarah Kabbani ◽  
Monina Bartoces ◽  
David Y Hyun ◽  
James Baggs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Antibiotic Stewardship ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Prescribing Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
The South ◽  
Provider Type ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Data Set

Abstract Background Antibiotics are frequently prescribed inappropriately in nursing homes (NHs); however, national estimates of NH antibiotic use are limited. We aimed to describe antibiotic prescribing in US NHs to identify potential targets for antibiotic stewardship. Methods A descriptive analysis was conducted using the 2014 proprietary IQVIA long-term care (LTC) Xponent database, which captures oral and intravenous antibiotic prescription transactions from sampled LTC pharmacies representing 70–85% of the LTC market. The data are projected to 100% of the US LTC market. Denominators for rate calculations were captured from the 2014 Minimum Data Set as the number of residents with at least one resident day in an NH in 2014. Antibiotic transaction counts and rates were calculated by resident gender, age, US census region, route of administration, antibiotic class and agent, and total transaction counts were summarized by provider type. Prescribing patterns for antibiotic classes and agents stratified by resident age were also calculated. Results In 2014, there were over 14 million antibiotic transactions in LTC pharmacies, for a rate of 3,302 per 1,000 residents. Female residents accounted for 62% of antibiotic transactions at a rate of 3,305 transactions per 1,000 residents compared with 3,240 per 1,000 male residents. Antibiotic prescribing was highest in the South at 3,752 transactions per 1,000 residents (vs. 2,601 per 1,000 residents in the West). Oral antibiotics accounted for 85% of transactions. Fluoroquinolones were the most frequently prescribed antibiotic class (22%; 723 transactions per 1,000 residents) and the most common agents were levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and sulfamethoxazole–trimethoprim. Stratified by age, the percent change in prescribing rates among residents aged <85 to residents aged ≥85 was largest for fluoroquinolones (645 vs. 883) and urinary anti-infectives (210 vs. 319). Internal medicine and family practice providers accounted for 37% and 32% of all antibiotic transactions, respectively. Conclusion A potential antibiotic stewardship target in NHs is fluoroquinolone prescribing. Targeting states in the South for interventions may have the largest impact. Figure. Antibiotic prescribing rates in long-term care by U.S. census regions Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Changes in the Adriatic oceanographic properties induced by the Eastern Mediterranean Transient

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 2085-2097 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Vilibić ◽  
S. Matijević ◽  
J. Šepić ◽  
G. Kušpilić
Keyword(s):  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Euphotic Zone ◽  
N:P Ratio ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract. Long-term time series of physical and chemical parameters collected between 1960 and 2010 along the Palagruža Sill transect, Middle Adriatic Sea, have been investigated in terms of average water properties and their variability. Nutrients, especially orthophosphates, reached rather high levels of concentration below the euphotic zone between 1991 and 1998, the highest levels in the investigated period. Simultaneously, the N:P ratio, which is normally higher than 25:1, decreased to values less than 16:1 in the euphotic zone, indicating a switch from typical phosphorus to nitrogen- limited preconditioning for the primary production. Higher-than-usual nutrient levels peaking in the mid-1990s, coupled with lower-than-usual temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and pH values, are presumably related to the flow of the nutrient richer Western Mediterranean waters to the Adriatic below the euphotic layer. These waters, which keep their footprint in the N:P ratio, enter the Adriatic during the anticyclonic phase of the Bimodal Adriatic-Ionian Oscillation (BiOS), which has been uniquely strengthened by the Eastern Mediterranean Transient occurring in the early 1990s. This hypothesis should be confirmed through targeted research and modelling exercises, as it is highly relevant for the biogeochemistry of the Adriatic Sea.

Thirty years of hourly dissolved oxygen in a large shallow river illustrates discrepancy between a primary producer tipping point and river metabolism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Diamond ◽  
Florentina Moatar ◽  
Matthew Cohen ◽  
Alain Poirel ◽  
Cécile Martinet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Tipping Point ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Primary Producer

<p>Large-scale efforts to reduce cultural eutrophication of freshwater systems have had varied success because internal feedbacks can stabilize the high nutrient, high productivity, and turbid conditions associated with eutrophic systems. We examined these feedbacks using a unique 40-year water quality data set from the middle Loire River, France, where phosphorus and phytoplankton concentrations have decreased by an order of magnitude from 1980–2018. We focused on ecosystem metabolism as an integrative measure to elucidate cause-effect relationships of both bottom-up (e.g., nutrient concentrations) and top-down (e.g., consumer populations) effects on river trophic state.</p><p>The dataset combined both long-term (30 years), high-frequency (hourly) measurements of dissolved oxygen (DO) and long-term (40 years), low-frequency (monthly) measures of nutrients, plus several supporting biological surveys of primary producer and consumer densities. Using hourly measurements of DO, we estimated gross primary production (GPP), ecosystem respiration (ER), and net ecosystem production (NEP = GPP – ER), and from the resulting long time series of metabolic fluxes, we tested the hypothesis that GPP and ER responded to changes in water column concentrations of algal pigments (chlorophyll a) and phosphorus. We further tested the hypothesis that change points in the patterns of ecological behavior were contemporaneous with notable changes in river management.</p><p>Despite well-established links between phosphorus, chlorophyll-a and primary production, GPP was resilient to the drastic reductions in both P concentrations and phytoplankton. Indeed, GPP has only recently decreased (~25%), despite chlorophyll-a concentrations reaching a new minima 10 years earlier in response to colonization of the invasive Corbicula sp. clam in the year 2000. Declines in ER are only half (~12%) the decline in GPP, shifting the river from an autotrophic state (i.e., positive NEP) to a heterotrophic state (i.e., negative NEP). Moreover, Granger causality analysis suggested that daily primary production and respiration have decoupled over this period. With earlier phytoplankton dominance, daily ER was strongly linked to recent autochthonous GPP, but more recently daily GPP has far less influence on subsequent ER. We interpret this partially as a reduction in carbon and nutrient turnover rates resulting from the community shift from algae to macrophytes, and attendant changes in nutrient sources (now primarily from sediment) and carbon stocks (now principally in the sediment). This study illustrates the benefit of long-term high-frequency data collection for understanding pattern and process in aquatic ecosystems, and illustrates a compelling example of process resilience contrasted with an ecosystem tipping point in the context of global change.</p>

scholarly journals Hydrography in the Mediterranean Sea during a cruise with RV <i>POSEIDON</i> in April 2014

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 427-446
Author(s):  
D. Hainbucher ◽  
V. Cardin ◽  
G. Siena ◽  
U. Hübner ◽  
M. Moritz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Intermediate Water ◽  
Strait Of Gibraltar ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Sea ◽  
German Research ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Long Term Variations

Abstract. We report on data from an oceanographic cruise in the Mediterranean Sea on the German research vessel POSEIDON in April 2014. Data were taken on a west–east section starting at the Strait of Gibraltar and ending south-east of Crete as well on sections in the Ionian and Adriatic Sea. The objectives of the cruise were twofold; long-term variations of the Levantine Intermediate Water (LIW) and the deep water masses of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea were investigated. The measurements include salinity, temperature, oxygen and currents and were conducted with a CTD/rosette system, an underway CTD and an ADCP. The sections are on tracks which have been sampled during several other cruises, thus supporting the opportunity to investigate the long term temporal development of the different variables. The use of an underway CTD made it possible to conduct measurements of temperature and salinity with a high resolution of 6 nm and a vertical resolution of 1 dbar for the upper 800 m of the water column.

Implications of long-term dynamics of fish and zooplankton communities for among-lake comparisons

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 1812-1821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian D Olden ◽  
Olaf P Jensen ◽  
M Jake Vander Zanden
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Implicit Assumption ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Data Set ◽  
North Temperate Lakes ◽  
Zooplankton Communities

Understanding the environmental determinants of lake community composition has been a central pursuit in freshwater ecology. Previous studies have defined community composition based on temporally limited surveys, with the implicit assumption that interannual variation is negligible compared with among-lake variability. Using a long-term data set for fish and zooplankton communities in five north temperate lakes (Wisconsin, USA), we found that interannual, within-lake similarity in species composition (a measure of temporal stability in community composition) generally exceeded community similarity among lakes. Despite these differences, however, the strength of community–environment relationships were found to range widely (2%–99% explained variation) depending on the choice of single-year sample used in the analysis, a result of high temporal coherence in limnological and biological characteristics. Perhaps of greatest concern, interannual similarity in species composition showed consistent relationships with habitat variables commonly used to explain community differences among lakes. Decreasing lake area and shoreline perimeter (indicative of lower habitat heterogeneity) and seepage lakes were associated with low interannual similarity in community composition, thus confounding the ability to differentiate among lake communities according to their habitat characteristics. In light of our results, we offer a number of explicit recommendations for the selection and analysis of community data in future cross-lake studies.

scholarly journals Bacterial Diversity in the South Adriatic Sea during a Strong, Deep Winter Convection Year

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 1715-1726 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Korlević ◽  
P. Pop Ristova ◽  
R. Garić ◽  
R. Amann ◽  
S. Orlić
Keyword(s):  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Euphotic Zone ◽  
The South ◽  
16S Rrna Sequence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Deep Circulation ◽  
Maximum Abundance ◽  
Winter Convection ◽  
Bacterial Richness

ABSTRACTThe South Adriatic Sea is the deepest part of the Adriatic Sea and represents a key area for both the Adriatic Sea and the deep eastern Mediterranean. It has a role in dense water formation for the eastern Mediterranean deep circulation cell, and it represents an entry point for water masses originating from the Ionian Sea. The biodiversity and seasonality of bacterial picoplankton before, during, and after deep winter convection in the oligotrophic South Adriatic waters were assessed by combining comparative 16S rRNA sequence analysis and catalyzed reporter deposition-fluorescencein situhybridization (CARD-FISH). The picoplankton communities reached their maximum abundance in the spring euphotic zone when the maximum value of the chlorophyllain response to deep winter convection was recorded. The communities were dominated byBacteria, whileArchaeawere a minor constituent. A seasonality of bacterial richness and diversity was observed, with minimum values occurring during the winter convection and spring postconvection periods and maximum values occurring under summer stratified conditions. The SAR11 clade was the main constituent of the bacterial communities and reached the maximum abundance in the euphotic zone in spring after the convection episode.Cyanobacteriawere the second most abundant group, and their abundance strongly depended on the convection event, when minimal cyanobacterial abundance was observed. In spring and autumn, the euphotic zone was characterized byBacteroidetesandGammaproteobacteria.Bacteroidetesclades NS2b, NS4, and NS5 and the gammaproteobacterial SAR86 clade were detected to co-occur with phytoplankton blooms. The SAR324, SAR202, and SAR406 clades were present in the deep layer, exhibiting different seasonal variations in abundance. Overall, our data demonstrate that the abundances of particular bacterial clades and the overall bacterial richness and diversity are greatly impacted by strong winter convection.

Long-term omalizumab treatment in severe allergic asthma: The South-Eastern Mediterranean “real-life” experience

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni G. Tzortzaki ◽  
Andreas Georgiou ◽  
Dimitrios Kampas ◽  
Marinos Lemessios ◽  
Miltiadis Markatos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Asthma ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Real Life ◽  
The South ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Severe Allergic Asthma
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document