scholarly journals Interannual evolutions of (sub)mesoscale dynamics in the Bay of Biscay

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Charria ◽  
Sébastien Theetten ◽  
Frédéric Vandermeirsch ◽  
Özge Yelekçi ◽  
Nicole Audiffren

Abstract. In the North-East Atlantic Ocean, the Bay of Biscay is an intersection between a coastal constrained dynamics (wide continental shelf and shelf break regions) and an eastern boundary circulation system. In this framework, the eddy kinetic energy is one order of magnitude lower than in western boundary systems. To explore this coastal complex system, a high resolution (1 km, 100 vertical sigma layers) model experiment including tidal dynamics over a period of 10 years (2001–2010) has been implemented. The ability of the numerical environment to reproduce main patterns over interannual scales is demonstrated. Based on this experiment, the features of the (sub)mesoscale processes are described in the deep part of the region (i.e. abyssal plain and continental slope). A system with the development of mixed layer instabilities at the end of winter is highlighted. Beyond confirming an observed behaviour of seasonal (sub)mesoscale activity in other regions, the simulated period allows exploring the interannual variability of these structures. A relationship between winter maximum of mixed layer depth and the intensity of (sub)mesoscale related activity (vertical velocity, relative vorticity) is revealed and can be explained by large scale atmospheric forcings (e.g. the cold winter in 2005). The first high resolution exploration of this 3D coastal system shows the importance of (sub)mesoscale activity in this region and its evolution implying a potential significant impact on vertical and horizontal mixing.

Ocean Science ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 777-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Charria ◽  
Sébastien Theetten ◽  
Frédéric Vandermeirsch ◽  
Özge Yelekçi ◽  
Nicole Audiffren

Abstract. In the north-east Atlantic Ocean, the Bay of Biscay is an intersection between a coastal constrained dynamics (wide continental shelf and shelf break regions) and an eastern boundary circulation system. In this framework, the eddy kinetic energy is 1 order of magnitude lower than in western boundary systems. To explore this coastal complex system, a high-resolution (1 km, 100 vertical sigma layers) model experiment including tidal dynamics over a period of 10 years (2001–2010) has been implemented. The ability of the numerical environment to reproduce main patterns over interannual scales is demonstrated. Based on this experiment, the features of the (sub)mesoscale processes are described in the deep part of the region (i.e. abyssal plain and continental slope). A system with the development of mixed layer instabilities at the end of winter is highlighted. Beyond confirming an observed behaviour of seasonal (sub)mesoscale activity in other regions, the simulated period allows exploring the interannual variability of these structures. A relationship between the winter maximum of mixed layer depth and the intensity of (sub)mesoscale related activity (vertical velocity, relative vorticity) is revealed and can be explained by large-scale atmospheric forcings (e.g. the cold winter in 2005). The first submesoscale-permitting exploration of this 3-D coastal system shows the importance of (sub)mesoscale activity in this region with its evolution implying a potentially significant impact on vertical and horizontal mixing.


2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariela Gabioux Gabioux ◽  
Vladimir Santos Da Costa ◽  
João Marcos Azevedo Correia de Souza ◽  
Bruna Faria de Oliveira ◽  
Afonso De Moraes Paiva

ABSTRACT. The standard REMO (a Brazilian approach towards operational oceanography) model configuration is tested, and results of two numerical simulations with HYCOM are presented and discussed. This configuration consists basically of a high-resolution eddy-resolving, 1/12 degree model for the Metarea V (latitudes from 7◦N to 35◦50’S, and longitudes between 20◦W and the Brazilian coast), nested in a medium-resolution eddy-permitting, 1/4 degree model of the Atlantic Ocean. These simulations aim for: a) creating a basic set-up for implementation of assimilation techniques leading to ocean prediction; b) the development of hydrodynamic bases for environmental studies; and c) providing boundary conditions for regional domains with increased resolution. This is the first time HYCOM is applied in high-resolution and particularly tailored for this region of the ocean. The 1/4 degree simulation was able to simulate realistic Equatorial and South Atlantic large scale circulation, both the wind-driven and the thermohaline components. The high-resolution introduces realistic mesoscale activity, in particular that associated with the dynamics of western boundary currents, and captures also both the continental shelf and the upper-ocean modes of variability associated with atmospheric synoptic forcing. Important issues for the simulation of the South Atlantic with high-resolution are discussed, like the ideal place for boundaries, improvements in the bathymetric representation, and the control of SST bias by the introduction of surface relaxation. In order to make a preliminary assessment of the model behavior when submitted to data assimilation, the Cooper & Haines (1996) method was used to extrapolate SSH anomalies fields to deeper layers every 7 days, with encouraging results.Keywords: numerical simulation, nesting, southwest Atlantic, Brazil Current. RESUMO. Neste trabalho são apresentados e discutidos resultados de duas simulações numéricas realizadas com o model HYCOM e que representam a configuração padrão do projeto REMO (Rede de Modelagem e Observação Oceanográfica), uma abordagem brasileira para a oceanografia operacional. Esta configuração consiste em um modelo em alta resolução (1/12 de grau, que resolve a mesoescala) da região denominada de Metarea V (latitudes de 7◦N a 35◦50’S e longitudes desde 20◦W até a costa brasileira), aninhado em um modelo em média-resolução (1/4 de grau, que resolve apenas parcialmente a mesoescala) do oceano Atlântico. Estas simulações tem como objetivos: a) a geração de um set-up básico para implementação de técnicas de assimilação visando a previsão oceânica; b) o desenvolvimento de bases hidrodinâmicas para estudos ambientais; e c) a geração de condições de contorno para domínios regionais com maior resolução. Esta é a primeira vez que o HYCOM é aplicado em alta resolução e especialmente configurado para esta região do oceano. A simulação em 1/4 de grau simulou de forma realista a circulação de larga escala no Atlântico Sul e Equatorial, tanto a componente eólica quanto a termohalina. A simulação em alta resolução foi capaz de introduzir também de forma realista a mesoescala, em particular aquela associada à dinâmica das correntes de contorno oeste, e de capturar a variabilidade da porção superior do oceano e da plataforma continental associada à forçante atmosférica em escala sinótica. Aspectos importantes para a simulação do Atlântico Sul em alta resolução são discutidos, como o posicionamento dos contornos, a representação da batimetria e o controle de possíveis tendências na TSM pela introdução de um termo de relaxamento para climatologia em superfície. Uma avaliação preliminar do comportamento do modelo submetido à assimilação de dados foi realizada com o método de Cooper & Haines (1996), capaz de extrapolar campos de anomalias de elevação da superfície para camadas mais profundas a cada 7 dias, com resultados promissores.Palavras-chave: simulação numérica, aninhamento, Atlântico sudoeste, Corrente do Brasil.


2011 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 1215-1235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Somavilla Cabrillo ◽  
Cesar González-Pola ◽  
Manuel Ruiz-Villarreal ◽  
Alicia Lavín Montero

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tereza Jarníková ◽  
Philippe D. Tortell

Environmental context The trace gas dimethylsulfide (DMS) is emitted from surface ocean waters to the overlying atmosphere, where it forms aerosols that promote cloud formation and influence Earth’s climate. We present an updated climatology of DMS emissions from the vast Southern Ocean, demonstrating how the inclusion of new data yields higher regional sources compared with previously derived values. Our work provides an important step towards better quantifying the oceanic emissions of an important climate-active gas. Abstract The Southern Ocean is a dominant source of the climate-active gas dimethylsulfide (DMS) to the atmosphere. Despite significant improvements in data coverage over the past decade, the most recent global DMS climatology does not include a growing number of high-resolution surface measurements in Southern Ocean waters. Here, we incorporate these high resolution data (~700000 measurements) into an updated Southern Ocean climatology of summertime DMS concentrations and sea–air fluxes. Owing to sparse monthly data coverage, we derive a single summertime climatology based on December through February means. DMS frequency distributions and oceanographic properties (mixed-layer depth and chlorophyll-a) show good general coherence across these months, providing justification for the use of summertime mean values. The revised climatology shows notable differences with the existing global climatology. In particular, we find increased DMS concentrations and sea–air fluxes south of the Polar Frontal zone (between ~60 and 70°S), and increased sea–air fluxes in mid-latitude waters (40–50°S). These changes are attributable to both the inclusion of new data and the use of region-specific parameters (e.g. data cut-off thresholds and interpolation radius) in our objective analysis. DMS concentrations in the Southern Ocean exhibit weak though statistically significant correlations with several oceanographic variables, including ice cover, mixed-layer depth and chlorophyll-a, but no apparent relationship with satellite-derived measures of phytoplankton photophysiology or taxonomic group abundance. Our analysis highlights the importance of using regional parameters in constructing climatological DMS fields, and identifies regions where additional observations are most needed.


2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 17391-17411 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Karstensen ◽  
B. Fiedler ◽  
F. Schütte ◽  
P. Brandt ◽  
A. Körtzinger ◽  
...  

Abstract. The intermittent appearances of low oxygen environments are a particular thread for marine ecosystems. Here we present first observations of unexpected low (<2 μmol kg-1) oxygen environments in the open waters of the eastern tropical North Atlantic, a region where typically oxygen concentration does not fall below 40 μmol kg-1. The low oxygen zones are created just below the mixed-layer, in the euphotic zone of high productive cyclonic and anticyclonic-modewater eddies. A dynamic boundary is created from the large swirl-velocity against the weak background flow. Hydrographic properties within the eddies are kept constant over periods of several months, while net respiration is elevated by a factor of 3 to 5 reducing the oxygen content. We repeatedly observed low oxygen eddies in the region. The direct impact on the ecosystem is evident from anomalous backscatter behaviour. Satellite derived global eddy statistics do not allow to estimate the large-scale impact of the eddies because their vertical structure (mixed-layer depth, euphotic depth) play a key role in creating the low oxygen environment.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Escudier ◽  
Emanuela Clementi ◽  
Andrea Cipollone ◽  
Jenny Pistoia ◽  
Massimiliano Drudi ◽  
...  

In order to be able to forecast the weather and estimate future climate changes in the ocean, it is crucial to understand the past and the mechanisms responsible for the ocean variability. This is particularly true in a complex area such as the Mediterranean Sea with diverse dynamics like deep convection and overturning circulation. To this end, effective tools are ocean reanalyses or reconstructions of the past ocean state. Here we present a new physical reanalysis of the Mediterranean Sea at high resolution, developed in the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) framework. The hydrodynamic model is based on the Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO) combined with a variational data assimilation scheme (OceanVar). The model has a horizontal resolution of 1/24° and 141 unevenly distributed vertical z* levels. It provides daily and monthly temperature, salinity, current, sea level and mixed layer depth as well as hourly fields for surface velocities and sea level. ECMWF ERA-5 atmospheric fields force the model and daily boundary conditions in the Atlantic are taken from a global reanalysis. The reanalysis covers the 33 years from 1987 to 2019. Initialized from SeaDataNet climatology in January 1985, it reaches a nominal state after a 2-years spin-up. In-situ data from CTD, ARGO floats and XBT are assimilated into the model in combination with satellite altimetry observations. This reanalysis has been validated and assessed through comparison to in-situ and satellite observations as well as literature climatologies. The results show an overall improvement of the comparison with observations and a better representation of the main dynamics of the region compared to a previous, lower resolution (1/16°), reanalysis. Temperature and salinity RMSD are decreased by respectively 14 and 18%. The salinity biases at depth of the previous version are corrected. Climate signals show continuous increase of the temperature and salinity, confirming estimates from observations and other reanalysis. The new reanalysis will allow the study of physical processes at multi-scales, from the large scale to the transient small mesoscale structures and the selection of climate indicators for the basin.


2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Casaioli ◽  
F. Catini ◽  
R. Inghilesi ◽  
P. Lanucara ◽  
P. Malguzzi ◽  
...  

Abstract. The coupling of a suite of meteorological limited area models with a wave prediction system based on the nesting of different wave models provides for medium-range sea state forecasts at the Mediterranean, regional and coastal scale. The new system has been operational at ISPRA since September 2012, after the upgrade of both the meteorological BOLAM model and large-scale marine components of the original SIMM forecasting system and the implementation of the new regional and coastal (WAM-SWAN coupling) chain of models. The coastal system is composed of nine regional-scale high-resolution grids, covering all Italian seas and six coastal grids at very high resolution, capable of accounting for the effects of the interaction between the incoming waves and the bathymetry. A preliminary analysis of the performance of the system is discussed here focusing on the ability of the system to simulate the mean features of the wave climate at the regional and sub-regional scale. The results refer to two different verification studies. The first is the comparison of the directional distribution of almost one year of wave forecasts against the known wave climate in northwestern Sardinia and central Adriatic Sea. The second is a sensitivity test on the effect on wave forecasts of the spatial resolution of the wind forcing, being the comparison between wave forecast and buoy data at two locations in the northern Adriatic and Ligurian Sea during several storm episodes in the period autumn 2012–winter 2013.


2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1435-1472
Author(s):  
Y. Drillet ◽  
J. M. Lellouche ◽  
B. Levier ◽  
M. Drévillon ◽  
O. Le Galloudec ◽  
...  

Abstract. Operational systems operated by Mercator Océan provide daily ocean forecasts, and combining these forecasts we can produce ensemble forecast and uncertainty estimates. This study focuses on the mixed layer depth in the North East Atlantic near the Porcupine Abyssal Plain for May 2013. This period is of interest for several reasons: (1) four Mercator Océan operational systems provide daily forecasts at a horizontal resolution of 1/4°, 1/12° and 1/36° with different physics; (2) glider deployment under the OSMOSIS project provides observation of the changes in mixed layer depth; (3) the ocean stratifies in May, but mixing events induced by gale force wind are observed and forecasted by the systems. A statistical approach and forecast error quantification for each system and for the combined products are presented. Skill scores indicate that forecasts are in any case better than persistence, and temporal correlations between forecast and observations are greater than 0.8 even for the 4 day forecast. The impact of atmospheric forecast error, and for the wind field in particular, is also quantified in terms of the forecast time delay and the intensity of mixing or stratification events.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e99321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xurxo Costoya ◽  
Maite deCastro ◽  
Moncho Gómez-Gesteira ◽  
Fran Santos

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