scholarly journals Modifying the dissolved-in-water type natural gas field simulation model based on the distribution of estimated Young's modulus for the Kujukuri region, Japan

2015 ◽  
Vol 372 ◽  
pp. 417-419
Author(s):  
T. Nakagawa ◽  
R. Matsuyama ◽  
M. Adachi ◽  
S. Kuroshima ◽  
T. Ogatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
The North ◽  
Chiba Prefecture ◽  
Field Simulation ◽  
Yield Value

Abstract. A simulation model, which covers the part of Southern-Kanto natural gas field in Chiba prefecture, was developed to perform studies and make predictions of land subsidence. However, because large differences between simulated and measured subsidence occurred in the northern modeled area of the gas field, the model was modified with an estimated Young's modulus distribution. This distribution was estimated by the yield value distribution and the correlation of yield value with Young's modulus. Consequently, the simulated subsidence in the north area was improved to some extent.

scholarly journals The Simulation of Natural Gas Gathering Pipeline Network

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Shanbi ◽  
Li Junying ◽  
Jiang Yong ◽  
Liu Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Solution Technique ◽  
Transmission Scheme ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Differential Model ◽  
Pipeline Network ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline ◽  
Flow Parameters ◽  
Finite Difference Equations

This paper focuses on developing a simulation model for the analysis of natural gas gathering pipeline network system. The simulation mathematical model of the pipeline element and non-pipeline element in natural gas pipeline network is established, the implicit difference method is used to change the partial differential model into the finite difference equations. In order to determine the unknown pressure and flow parameters, the Newton–Raphson solution technique is applied to solve the model. The simulation model is used to analyze the pipeline network in a gas field. The result simulated comparing with the actual parameter showed that the developed simulation model enabled to determine the parameters with less than 5% relative error. And we can see from the simulation results that: the pressure in each pipeline does not exceed the allowable pressure, the pressure drop is small in the pipeline network, and the flow in part of pipeline is very small. Therefore, we can adjust the gas transmission scheme, and increase the gas transmission volume properly.

Engineering-oriented “sweet spot” prediction for tight sandstone gas reservoirs: A case study from Sulige gas field in Western China

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. T813-T821
Author(s):  
Hailiang Li ◽  
Liping Zhang ◽  
Jinyong Gui ◽  
Hailong Wang ◽  
Shengjun Li
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Western China ◽  
Brittleness Index ◽  
Petrophysical Properties ◽  
Sweet Spot ◽  
Gas Reservoirs ◽  
Tight Sandstone ◽  
Gas Field

Tight sandstone gas reservoirs have the characteristics of low porosity and permeability, deep burial, and low production of vertical wells, which are difficult to predict and exploit. Usually, finding a “sweet spot” requires finding zones with well-developed fractures or easy stimulation by hydraulic fracturing in the later stage. For some tight sandstone gas reservoirs where natural fractures are not developed, directional hydraulic fracturing is a good choice to improve single well production. However, not all reservoirs can achieve the desired productivity after hydraulic-fracture stimulation. In the exploration of the Sulige (SLG) gas field in Western China, sweet spots with strong brittleness and good petrophysical properties can ensure the success of hydraulic fracturing. We have evaluated the SLG gas field to determine how to implement an engineering-oriented sweet spot prediction workflow. The method has five steps: data-quality analysis, lithology prediction, brittleness prediction, petrophysical property prediction, and well planning. We evaluated the feasibility of subsequent sensitive elastic parameter inversion by comparing the accrual and simulated seismic gathers. Then, we used a direct inversion method of Young’s modulus to predict lithology and identify fluid at the same time. Next, we constructed a new brittleness index by combining the rate of change of Young’s modulus and the quartz content to evaluate the brittleness of rocks, which can overcome the shortage of the conventional brittleness index constructed by a single parameter. Finally, by using the brittleness index, we combined the petrophysical properties inversion results to select regions with strong brittleness and good petrophysical properties as the basis of well planning. This workflow achieved remarkable results in the exploration of tight sandstone gas reservoirs in the SLG gas field in Western China.

POWER REQUIREMENTS AND SUPPLY FOR NEW ZEALAND IN THE 1970'S

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
N. D. Webb
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
National Development ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Hydro Development ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
The North ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual

The power production in New Zealand in the 1969/70 year in primary energy terms was shared: oil 59%, coal 24% and primary electricity (hydro and geothermal) 17%. However, if the electricity is expressed as the energy input into a thermal station at 25% efficiency the percentages are: oil 39%, coal 16% and electricity 45%.A very small fraction of the oil is produced locally, the rest being imported; coal is all locally produced; gas is manufactured from both coal and oil while about 95% of the electricity is from hydro or geothermal sources. Traditionally each industry has forecast its own future in isolation.Following a National Development Conference in 1968 a Fuel and Power Council was formed. This Council was required to forecast the energy demands of all industries in the sector for ten years and to report on requirements for capital labour and other resources for each industry.One method of forecasting investigated was using the historical relationship between the rate of growth of demand and the rate of growth of the gross national product. Forecasts by this method produced lower results than those obtained by aggregating the individual industry forecasts. For the seventies the forecasts are —coal producing a fairly even level of energy primary; electricity generation, i.e. hydro and geothermal will increase by about 6.2% p.a. with further geothermal unlikely to be developed in the period and hydro development proceeding in one area in the North Island and two areas in the South Island. However, generation is forecast to increase at an average of 8.9% p.a. in the next ten years to more than double present level and thermal stations will produce the remainder of the increase.It had been proposed that the first of these new thermal stations would be coal-fired and the next a nuclear one but the discovery of a gas field off the Taranaki Coast has altered the outlook. It has been decided that the first two stations will be gas and/or oil-fired with the nuclear being deferred. Final decisions depend on negotiations mentioned later.As stated earlier only a fraction of oil used is local from wells in Taranaki which have been producing for many years. However, in 1959, a well at Kapuni was completed producing gas and condensate. The natural gas is being piped to Auckland and Wellington and will service nine existing gas authorities en route who at present use coal and imported oil. The condensate is shipped to a refinery at Marsden Point in North Auckland. The Kapuni field is of only limited size.More recently a much larger field has been proved off the Taranaki Coast. Exploiting this field will be costly and the natural gas market as a premium fuel is insufficient to warrant the expenditure.However, if the first two or even three thermal electric power stations were fired by natural gas the proposition could be viable. At present negotiations are taking place to arrive at conditions of supply and a price for the gas acceptable to both the oil industry and to the Government. The future of the oil and natural gas industry in New Zealand depends on the outcome of these negotiations and on the results of further exploration.

scholarly journals An Auxetic System Based on Interconnected Y-Elements Inspired by Islamic Geometric Patterns

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 865
Author(s):  
Teik-Cheng Lim
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Full Extension ◽  
Geometric Patterns ◽  
The North ◽  
Spiral Spring ◽  
Elastically Restrained ◽  
Deformation Models

A 2D mechanical metamaterial exhibiting perfectly auxetic behavior, i.e., Poisson’s ratio of , is proposed in this paper drawing upon inspiration from an Islamic star formed by circumferential arrangement of eight squares, such as the one found at the exterior of the Ghiyathiyya Madrasa in Khargird, Iran (built 1438–1444 AD). Each unit of the metamaterial consists of eight pairs of pin-jointed Y-shaped rigid elements, whereby every pair of Y-elements is elastically restrained by a spiral spring. Upon intermediate stretching, each metamaterial unit resembles the north dome of Jameh Mosque, Iran (built 1087–1088 AD), until the attainment of the fully opened configuration, which resembles a structure in Agra, India, near the Taj Mahal. Both infinitesimal and finite deformation models of the effective Young’s modulus for the metamaterial structure were established using strain energy approach in terms of the spiral spring stiffness and geometrical parameters, with assumptions to preserve the eight-fold symmetricity of every metamaterial unit. Results indicate that the prescription of strain raises the effective Young’s modulus in an exponential manner until full extension is attained. This metamaterial is useful for applications where the overall shape of the structure must be conserved in spite of uniaxial application of load, and where deformation is permitted under limited range, which is quickly arrested as the deformation progresses.

scholarly journals Simulation study of the in-situ formation deformation behavior of a shallow formation in the Southern Kanto Natural gas field, Chiba Prefecture, Japan

2015 ◽  
Vol 372 ◽  
pp. 421-424
Author(s):  
M. Adachi ◽  
R. Matsuyama ◽  
T. Nakagawa ◽  
S. Kuroshima ◽  
T. Ogatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Deformation Behavior ◽  
Triaxial Compression ◽  
Deformation Monitoring ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Monitoring Well ◽  
Chiba Prefecture ◽  
In Situ Formation

Abstract. In 2010, eight companies which are exploiting natural gas and brine water in the Southern Kanto natural gas field, Chiba prefecture, Japan constructed an in-situ formation deformation monitoring well with a depth of approximately 80 m, and in-situ formation deformation was measured on a trial basis. After this field test, by conducting the simulation study, we verified whether the deformation behavior at the monitoring well was perfectly elastic or not. In addition, we compared in-situ rock properties like Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio which were estimated by the simulation study with those determined from a triaxial compression test.

PERTH BASIN REJUVENATED

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter B. Hall ◽  
Robert L. Kneale
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Field Size ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Gas Market

The northern Perth Basin is an area where recent seismic advances combined with new geological insight, have led to exploration success with a significant new gas field discovery at Beharra Springs and a number of other minor discoveries. This paper outlines 'new concepts' with regard to stratigraphy and structure and how this has been balanced with the commercial environment to rejuvenate exploration in the northern Perth Basin. The Perth Basin is unique in Australia, as running through the middle of the Basin is the West Australian Natural Gas (WANG) pipeline which will be operating at approximately 26 per cent of its capacity in 1992. With the deregulation of the natural gas market in 1988, supply of gas to the Western Australian market via the State Energy Commission of Western Australia (SECWA) pipeline from the Carnarvon Basin, and in particular, the North West Shelf project, can now be balanced with supply from the onshore Perth Basin carried by the WANG pipeline.The minimum economically viable gas field in the northern Perth Basin is calculated to be 15 BCF (16.05 PJ) and the expected median field size is 50 BCF (53.5 PJ) of recoverable gas. Based on the historical success rate of one in eight, typical finding costs are 12 c/MCF (12 c/GJ).In the 1990/91 financial year, eight onshore exploration wells were drilled in Western Australia of which five were drilled in the northern Perth Basin. Provided the market access and opportunities remain, it is anticipated that the recent technological developments will sustain exploration and development of the onshore northern Perth Basin.

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