scholarly journals Effects of wheat stubble on runoff, infiltration, and erosion of farmland on the Loess Plateau, China, subjected to simulated rainfall

Solid Earth ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linhua Wang ◽  
Bo Ma ◽  
Faqi Wu
Keyword(s):  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Runoff Volume ◽  
Runoff Reduction ◽  
Wheat Stubble ◽  
Summer Fallow ◽  
Soil And Water

Abstract. Soil and water losses in agriculture are major environmental problems worldwide, especially on the Loess Plateau, China. Summer fallow management may help to control soil erosion and conserve water. This study investigated the effects of wheat stubble on runoff, infiltration, and soil loss in laboratory plots under simulated rainfall. The treatments comprised wheat stubble cover (WS) and traditional plowing (TP) in runoff plots (4.0 m  ×  1.0 m) with three slope gradients (5, 10, and 15°) under simulated rainfall at 80 mm h−1 for 1 h. The runoff volume from WS plots was significantly less than that from TP. The runoff reduction with WS ranged from 91.92 to 92.83 % compared with TP. The runoff rates varied with the runoff volume in the same manner. The infiltration amount was higher with WS (94.8–96.2 % of rainwater infiltrated) than TP (35.4–57.1 %). The sediment concentration was significantly lower with WS than TP. Compared with TP (304.31–731.23 g m−2), the sediment losses were reduced dramatically in WS (2.41–3.78 g m−2) and the sediment loss slightly increased with slope; however, it was greatly increased as slope increased in TP. These results revealed that the stubble cover was the main factor reducing runoff and sediment losses and improving infiltration and that stubble showed a great potential to control erosion and conserve soil and water resources during the summer fallow period in the Loess Plateau region.

scholarly journals Effects of wheat stubble on runoff, infiltration, and erosion of farmland in the Loess Plateau, China subjected to simulated rainfall

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linhua Wang ◽  
Bo Ma ◽  
Faqi Wu
Keyword(s):  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Runoff Volume ◽  
Runoff Reduction ◽  
Wheat Stubble ◽  
Summer Fallow ◽  
Soil And Water

Abstract. Soil and water losses in agriculture are major environmental problems worldwide, especially on the Loess Plateau, China. Summer fallow management may help to control soil erosion and conserve water. This study investigated the effects of wheat stubble on runoff, infiltration, and soil loss in laboratory plots under simulated rainfall. The treatments comprised wheat stubble cover (WS) and traditional plowing (TP) in runoff plots (4.0 m × 1.0 m) with three slope gradients (5°, 10°, and 15°) under simulated rainfall at 80 mm h−1 for 1 h. The runoff volume from WS plots was significantly less than that from TP. The runoff reduction with WS ranged from 91.92–92.83 % compared with TP. The runoff rates varied with the runoff volume in the same manner. Under WS, sediment losses (2.41–3.78 g m−2) were reduced dramatically compared with TP (304.31–731.23 g m−2). The sediment concentration was also significantly lower with WS than TP. The infiltration amount was higher with WS (94.8–96.2 % of rainwater infiltrated) than TP (35.4–57.1 %). Thus, stubble cover can help to control erosion and conserve soil and water resources.

Check Dam-Trapped Farmlands on the Hilly and Ravine Region of the Loess Plateau: Soil Fertility, Crop Yields and Faced Challenges

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiqin Dang ◽  
Baiqun Wang ◽  
Tianmin Dang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Check Dam ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Soil Moisture Condition ◽  
Soil And Water

<p>It is well known that soils are vulnerable to water erosion in the hilly and ravine region of the Loess Plateau. The soil and water losses induced by water erosion have both the on-site and off-site impacts in this region, which causes the on-site decline of soil fertility and reductions of crop yields on sloping farmlands, and drains the generated overland runoff and transports the eroded soils/sediments to the off-site valleys or rivers to threaten the safety of the river systems. Constructing the check dam in the valley has the long history and is regarded as one of the powerful measures to control the soil and water losses in a watershed in this region. On the one hand, the check dam plays the vital roles in trapping the large amounts of sediment generated from the sloping lands and buffering the drainage of runoff yielded form the slopes. On the other hand, the silted sediments or eroded soils by the check dam can develop the relatively flat lands in the valleys. The check dam-trapped lands can be utilized to grow the crops and become the farmlands in a watershed. The investigation indicates that the contents of soil organic matter, nutrients and soil moisture of he check dam-trapped farmlands are higher than those of the sloping farmlands or the terraces. According to the analysis on the survey data on the crop yield evolutions in the watershed in this region, the crop yields of check dam-trapped farmlands have been significantly higher than those of the sloping farmlands and terraces in the scenario of the similar fertilizer input and crop cultivars due to the optimum soil moisture condition in the check dam-trapped farmlands. However, the check dam-trapped farmlands face some challenges under the climate change. Some of the check dam-trapped farmlands or the grown crops in these kinds of lands are susceptible to the damage arose from extreme rainstorms because of the outdated measures of soil and water conservation for these kinds of farmlands. In some watersheds, the check dam-trapped farmlands are prone to salinization due to the outdated management. Therefore，the protective measures and techniques of harnessing salinization for the check dam-trapped farmlands should be updated over time in order to keep the check dam-trapped farmlands safe and maintain the higher crop yields in those farmlands in the hilly and ravine region of the Loess Plateau.</p>

Change in water discharge and sediment load on the Loess Plateau, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Zheng ◽  
Chiyuan Miao
Keyword(s):  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Sediment Load ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Soil And Water Conservation ◽  
Biological Engineering ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Conservation Measures ◽  
Soil And Water

<p>Over the past 50 years, a series of soil and water conservation measures have been implemented on the Loess Plateau, including biological, engineering, and agricultural measures. As a result, water discharge and sediment load on the plateau have undergone significant changes. In this study, we compared the water discharge and sediment load at more than 100 hydrological stations across the Loess Plateau during the period 2008–2016 (P2) with the water discharge and sediment load during the period 1971–1987 (P1), and detected the main sources of sediment in each of the two periods. We then performed an attribution analysis to quantify the influence of different factors on the changes in sediment load. We found the following results: (1) Water discharge was reduced by 22% in P2 compared with P1, whereas the sediment load was reduced by 74%. (2) Sediment resources are mainly concentrated between Toudaoguai and Tongguan stations: this region contributed more than 88% of the total sediment load at the terminal station (Huayuankou station) in both P1 and P2. (3) When considering only the changes in sediment concentration on the Loess Plateau, we conclude that the contribution of human activities was greater than 72%. This study provides a detailed description of the temporal and spatial variations in water and sediment across the Loess Plateau, providing a reliable reference for the future development of ecological soil and water conservation measures on the Loess Plateau.</p>

scholarly journals Quantifying the Impacts of Climate Change, Coal Mining and Soil and Water Conservation on Streamflow in a Coal Mining Concentrated Watershed on the Loess Plateau, China

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiaoling Guo ◽  
Yaoyao Han ◽  
Yunsong Yang ◽  
Guobin Fu ◽  
Jianlin Li
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Soil And Water Conservation ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Annual Streamflow ◽  
Significant Downward Trend ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soil And Water

The streamflow has declined significantly in the coal mining concentrated watershed of the Loess Plateau, China, since the 1970s. Quantifying the impact of climate change, coal mining and soil and water conservation (SWC), which are mainly human activities, on streamflow is essential not only for understanding the mechanism of hydrological response, but also for water resource management in the catchment. In this study, the trend of annual streamflow series by Mann-Kendall test has been analyzed, and years showing abrupt changes have been detected using the cumulative anomaly curves and Pettitt test. The contribution of climate change, coal mining and SWC on streamflow has been separated with the monthly water-balance model (MWBM) and field investigation. The results showed: (1) The streamflow had an statistically significant downward trend during 1955–2013; (2) The two break points were in 1979 and 1996; (3) Relative to the baseline period, i.e., 1955–1978, the mean annual streamflow reduction in 1979–1996 was mainly affected by climate change, which was responsible for a decreased annual streamflow of 12.70 mm, for 70.95%, while coal mining and SWC resulted in a runoff reduction of 2.15 mm, 12.01% and 3.05mm, 17.04%, respectively; (4) In a recent period, i.e., 1997–2013, the impact of coal mining on streamflow reduction was dominant, reaching 29.88 mm, 54.24%. At the same time, the declining mean annual streamflow induced through climate change and SWC were 13.01 mm, 23.62% and 12.20 mm, 22.14%, respectively.

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