scholarly journals Case study of microarthropod communities to assess soil quality in different managed vineyards

SOIL ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 527-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Gagnarli ◽  
D. Goggioli ◽  
F. Tarchi ◽  
S. Guidi ◽  
R. Nannelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Arthropods ◽  
Taxa Richness ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
High Level ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Land use influences the abundance and diversity of soil arthropods. The evaluation of the impact of different management strategies on soil quality is increasingly sought, and the determination of community structures of edaphic fauna can represent an efficient tool. In the area of Langhe (Piedmont, Italy), eight vineyards characterized for physical and chemical properties (soil texture, soil pH, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, calcium carbonate) were selected. We evaluated the effect of two types of crop management, organic and integrated pest management (IPM), on abundance and biodiversity of microarthropods living at the soil surface. Soil sampling was carried out in winter 2011 and spring 2012. All specimens were counted and determined up to the order level. The biodiversity analysis was performed using ecological indexes (taxa richness, dominance, Shannon–Wiener, Buzas and Gibson's evenness, Margalef, equitability, Berger–Parker), and the biological soil quality was assessed with the BSQ-ar index. The mesofauna abundance was affected by both the type of management and sampling time. On the whole, a higher abundance was in organic vineyards (N = 1981) than in IPM ones (N = 1062). The analysis performed by ecological indexes showed quite a high level of biodiversity in this environment, particularly in May 2012. Furthermore, the BSQ-ar values registered were similar to those obtained in preserved soils.

scholarly journals Study of microarthopod communities to assess soil quality in different managed vineyards

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-84
Author(s):  
E. Gagnarli ◽  
D. Goggioli ◽  
F. Tarchi ◽  
S. Guidi ◽  
R. Nannelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Arthropods ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Land use influences the abundance and diversity of soil arthropods. The evaluation of the impact of different management strategies on soil quality is increasingly requested. The determination of communities' structures of edaphic fauna can represent an efficient tool. In this study, in some vineyards in Piedmont (Italy), the effects of two different management systems, organic and integrated pest management (IPM), on soil biota were evaluated. As microarthropods living in soil surface are an important component of soil ecosystem interacting with all the other system components, a multi disciplinary approach was adopted by characterizing also some soil physical and chemical characteristics (soil texture, soil pH, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, calcium carbonate). Soil samplings were carried out on Winter 2011 and Spring 2012. All specimens were counted and determined up to the order level. The biological quality of the soil was defined through the determination of ecological indices, such as QBS-ar, species richness and indices of Shannon-Weaver, Pielou, Margalef and Simpson. The mesofauna abundance was affected by both the type of management and the soil texture. The analysis of microarthropod communities by QBS-ar showed higher values in organic than in IPM managed vineyards; in particular, the values registered in organic vineyards were similar to those characteristic of preserved soils.

Adding Ash Methane Oxidation in Landfill Cover Soil Research

2014 ◽  
Vol 926-930 ◽  
pp. 4205-4208
Author(s):  
Yan Li Wu ◽  
Qing Feng Zhang ◽  
Ran Zhuo Zhang ◽  
Xiao Ming Mao ◽  
Xin Hua Sun
Keyword(s):  
Methane Oxidation ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Behavior ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Landfill Cover Soil ◽  
Landfill Cover ◽  
Cover Soil ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact

In the past ten years, methane has a greenhouse gas, and its concentration increases by 1% per year, while an estimated worldwide annual landfill cover soil surface from escaping methane is about 20 to 70 Mtpa. Microbial methane oxidation can be carried out about 80% of global consumption of methane, the soil microbial methane oxidation can reduce methane escaping from the soil to the atmosphere. Both in domestic and foreign ash recycling in landfill cover soil behavior has performed for many years, but there is a review of domestic and foreign literature ash, mostly looks at the aspects of physical and chemical properties and heavy metals, there is no assessment of the casing methane oxidation impact. This paper mainly urban incinerator ash as a research object, and after a landfill cover soil mined to study experimentally analyze the impact of ash added methane oxidation right.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Impact of Distinct Vineyard Management Practices on Soil Physico-Chemical Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117862212094484
Author(s):  
Carla SS Ferreira ◽  
Adélcia Veiga ◽  
Ana Caetano ◽  
Oscar Gonzalez-Pelayo ◽  
Anne Karine-Boulet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Sampling Campaign ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Wine Region ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact

Vines are one of the most ancient crops, with great relevance worldwide but especially in wine-growing areas in Southern Europe. In the Bairrada wine region of north-central Portugal, vineyards have long been managed intensively, with frequent tillage and application of fertilizers and phytochemical products. During the last decade, however, these conventional practices are increasingly becoming substituted by more sustainable management practices, in particular integrated production (IP) and, to a lesser degree, no-tillage (NT) and biodynamic (BD). This study investigated differences in soil quality of 4 vineyards managed with each of these practices for at least 6 years. Twelve topsoil (0-15 cm) samples were collected in vineyard rows and inter-rows, during one sampling campaign, and analyzed for selected physical and chemical properties. These physical properties were texture, bulk density and penetration resistance, while the chemical properties included pH, electrical conductivity, and the contents of organic matter, nutrients, cations, and metals. Nearby forest soils were also sampled as a reference, since this was the prior land-use in the study sites. The obtained results demonstrated that conventional practices were associated with diminished soil quality, as indicated by lower contents of organic matter and nutrients, such as total nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus (TP), and exchangeable cations, as well as by a higher concentration of Cu and, in some samples, of Ni and Pb. Cu concentrations were also relatively high under NT, so that overall soil quality, particularly associated with fertility, was best under IP.

Response of corn (Zea mays L.) to various organic-based fertilizers in marginal upland of Sta. Rita, Samar

2017 ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
Berta Ratilla ◽  
Loreme Cagande ◽  
Othello Capuno
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Total N ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Organic farming is one of the management strategies that improve productivity of marginal uplands. The study aimed to: (1) evaluate effects of various organic-based fertilizers on the growth and yield of corn; (2) determine the appropriate combination for optimum yield; and (3) assess changes on the soil physical and chemical properties. Experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design, with 3 replications and 7 treatments, namely; T0=(0-0-0); T1=1t ha-1 Evans + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T2=t ha-1 Wellgrow + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T3=15t ha-1 chicken dung; T4=10t ha-1 chicken dung + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T5=15t ha-1 Vermicast; and T6=10t ha-1 Vermicast + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1. Application of organic-based fertilizers with or without inorganic fertilizers promoted growth of corn than the control. But due to high infestation of corn silk beetle(Monolepta bifasciata Horns), its grain yield was greatly affected. In the second cropping, except for Evans, any of these fertilizers applied alone or combined with 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1 appeared appropriate in increasing corn earyield. Soil physical and chemical properties changed with addition of organic fertilizers. While bulk density decreased irrespective of treatments, pH, total N, available P and exchangeable K generally increased more with chicken dung application.

Physico-Chemical Properties of Soil Collected from Chandrabhaga River in Kalmeshwar, Nagpur, Maharashtra

2020 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Amita M Watkar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Attributes ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Agricultural Land Management ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Soil, itself means Soul of Infinite Life. Soil is the naturally occurring unconsolidated or loose covering on the earth’s surface. Physical properties depend upon the amount, size, shape, arrangement, and mineral composition of soil particles. It also depends on the organic matter content and pore spaces. Chemical properties depend on the Inorganic and organic matter present in the soil. Soils are the essential components of the environment and foundation resources for nearly all types of land use, besides being the most important component of sustainable agriculture. Therefore, assessment of soil quality and its direction of change with time is an ideal and primary indicator of sustainable agricultural land management. Soil quality indicators refer to measurable soil attributes that influence the capacity of a soil to function, within the limits imposed by the ecosystem, to preserve biological productivity and environmental quality and promote plant, animal and human health. The present study is to assess these soil attributes such as physical and chemical properties season-wise.

scholarly journals Treated wastewater irrigation effects on soil hydraulic conductivity and aggregate stability of loamy soils in Israel

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karsten Schacht ◽  
Bernd Marschner
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability ◽  
Irrigation Effects ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The use of treated wastewater (TWW) for agricultural irrigation becomes increasingly important in water stressed regions like the Middle East for substituting fresh water (FW) resources. Due to elevated salt concentrations and organic compounds in TWW this practice has potential adverse effects on soil quality, such as the reduction of hydraulic conductivity (HC) and soil aggregate stability (SAS). To assess the impact of TWW irrigation in comparison to FW irrigation on HC, in-situ infiltration measurements using mini disk infiltrometer were deployed in four different long-term experimental orchard test sites in Israel. Topsoil samples (0-10 cm) were collected for analyzing SAS and determination of selected soil chemical and physical characteristics. The mean HC values decreased at all TWW sites by 42.9% up to 50.8% compared to FW sites. The SAS was 11.3% to 32.4% lower at all TWW sites. Soil electrical conductivity (EC) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) were generally higher at TWW sites. These results indicate the use of TWW for irrigation is a viable, but potentially deleterious option, as it influences soil physical and chemical properties.

scholarly journals Templated quasicrystalline ordering of single elements and molecules

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C81-C81
Author(s):  
H. R. Sharma ◽  
J. A. Smerdon ◽  
K. Nozawa ◽  
K. M. Young ◽  
T. P. Yadav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Three Dimension ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Quantum Size ◽  
Adsorption Energies ◽  
Molecular Layers ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact

We have used quasicrystals as templates for the exploration of new epitaxial phenomena. Several interesting results have been observed in the growth on surfaces of the common Al-based quasicrystals [1]. These include pseudomorphic monolayers, quasiperiodically modulated multilayer structures, and fivefold-twinned islands with magic heights influenced by quantum size effects [1]. Here we present our recent works on the growth of various elements and molecules on a new substrate, icosahedral (i) Ag-In-Yb quasicrystal, which have resulted in various epitaxial phenomena not observed previously. The growth of Pb on the five-fold surface of i-Ag-In-Yb yields a film which possesses quasicrystalline ordering in three-dimension [2]. Using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and DFT calculations of adsorption energies, we find that lead atoms occupy the positions of atoms in the rhombic triacontahedral (RTH) cluster, the building block of the substrate, and thus grow in layers with different heights and adsorption energies. The adlayer–adlayer interaction is crucial for stabilizing the epitaxial quasicrystalline structure. We will also present the first example of quasicrystalline molecular layers. Pentacene adsorbs at tenfold-symmetric sites of Yb atoms around surface-bisected RTH clusters, yielding quasicrystalline order [3]. Similarly, C-60 growth on the five-fold surface of i-Al-Cu-Fe at elevated temperature produces quasicrystalline layer, where the growth is mediated by Fe atoms on the substrate surface [3]. The finding of quasicrystalline thin films of single elements and molecules opens an avenue for further investigation of the impact of the aperiodic atomic order over periodic order on the physical and chemical properties of materials.

scholarly journals The Interstellar Medium of Dwarf Galaxies

Galaxies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Christian Henkel ◽  
Leslie K. Hunt ◽  
Yuri I. Izotov
Keyword(s):  
Interstellar Medium ◽  
Dwarf Galaxies ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Ionized Gas ◽  
Green Pea ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Universe ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Dwarf galaxies are by far the most numerous galaxies in the Universe, showing properties that are quite different from those of their larger and more luminous cousins. This review focuses on the physical and chemical properties of the interstellar medium of those dwarfs that are known to host significant amounts of gas and dust. The neutral and ionized gas components and the impact of the dust will be discussed, as well as first indications for the existence of active nuclei in these sources. Cosmological implications are also addressed, considering the primordial helium abundance and the similarity of local Green Pea galaxies with young, sometimes protogalactic sources in the early Universe.

scholarly journals An Overview of Dynamic Heterogeneous Oxidations in the Troposphere

Environments ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Pillar-Little ◽  
Marcelo Guzman
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Aerosols ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Cloud Condensation Nuclei ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Organic Aerosols ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Due to the adverse effect of atmospheric aerosols on public health and their ability to affect climate, extensive research has been undertaken in recent decades to understand their sources and sinks, as well as to study their physical and chemical properties. Atmospheric aerosols are important players in the Earth’s radiative budget, affecting incoming and outgoing solar radiation through absorption and scattering by direct and indirect means. While the cooling properties of pure inorganic aerosols are relatively well understood, the impact of organic aerosols on the radiative budget is unclear. Additionally, organic aerosols are transformed through chemical reactions during atmospheric transport. The resulting complex mixture of organic aerosol has variable physical and chemical properties that contribute further to the uncertainty of these species modifying the radiative budget. Correlations between oxidative processing and increased absorptivity, hygroscopicity, and cloud condensation nuclei activity have been observed, but the mechanisms behind these phenomena have remained unexplored. Herein, we review environmentally relevant heterogeneous mechanisms occurring on interfaces that contribute to the processing of aerosols. Recent laboratory studies exploring processes at the aerosol–air interface are highlighted as capable of generating the complexity observed in the environment. Furthermore, a variety of laboratory methods developed specifically to study these processes under environmentally relevant conditions are introduced. Remarkably, the heterogeneous mechanisms presented might neither be feasible in the gas phase nor in the bulk particle phase of aerosols at the fast rates enabled on interfaces. In conclusion, these surface mechanisms are important to better understand how organic aerosols are transformed in the atmosphere affecting the environment.

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