scholarly journals Long-term elevation of temperature affects organic N turnover and associated N<sub>2</sub>O emissions in a permanent grassland soil

SOIL ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne B. Jansen-Willems ◽  
Gary J. Lanigan ◽  
Timothy J. Clough ◽  
Louise C. Andresen ◽  
Christoph Müller
Keyword(s):  
Organic N ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Soil Warming ◽  
N Transformations ◽  
15N Tracing ◽  
Permanent Grassland ◽  
Source Partitioning ◽  
15N Tracing Model

Abstract. Over the last century an increase in mean soil surface temperature has been observed, and it is predicted to increase further in the future. In order to evaluate the legacy effects of increased temperature on both nitrogen (N) transformation rates in the soil and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, an incubation experiment and modelling approaches were combined. Based on previous observations that gross N transformations in soils are affected by long-term elevated-temperature treatments we hypothesized that any associated effects on gaseous N emissions (e.g. N2O) can be confirmed by a change in the relative emission rates from various pathways. Soils were taken from a long-term in situ warming experiment on temperate permanent grassland. In this experiment the soil temperature was elevated by 0 (control), 1, 2 or 3 °C (four replicates per treatment) using IR (infrared) lamps over a period of 6 years. The soil was subsequently incubated under common conditions (20 °C and 50 % humidity) and labelled as NO315NH4 Gly, 15NO3NH4 Gly or NO3NH4 15N-Gly. Soil extractions and N2O emissions were analysed using a 15N tracing model and source-partitioning model. Both total inorganic N (NO3− + NH4+) and NO3− contents were higher in soil subjected to the +2 and +3 °C temperature elevations (pre- and post-incubation). Analyses of N transformations using a 15N tracing model showed that, following incubation, gross organic (but not inorganic) N transformation rates decreased in response to the prior soil warming treatment. This was also reflected in reduced N2O emissions associated with organic N oxidation and denitrification. Furthermore, a newly developed source-partitioning model showed the importance of oxidation of organic N as a source of N2O. In conclusion, long-term soil warming can cause a legacy effect which diminishes organic N turnover and the release of N2O from organic N and denitrification.

scholarly journals Long-term elevation of temperature affects organic N turnover and associated N2O emissions in a permanent grassland soil

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne B. Jansen-Willems ◽  
Gary J. Lanigan ◽  
Timothy J. Clough ◽  
Louise C. Andresen ◽  
Christoph Müller
Keyword(s):  
Organic N ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Soil Warming ◽  
N Transformations ◽  
Permanent Grassland ◽  
N Transformation ◽  
Legacy Effect ◽  
Transformation Rates

Abstract. Over the last century an increase in mean soil surface temperature has been observed and it is predicted to increase further in the future. To evaluate the legacy effects of increased temperature on both nitrogen (N) transformation rates in the soil and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, an incubation experiment was conducted with soils taken from a long term in situ warming experiment on temperate permanent grassland. In this experiment the soil temperature was elevated by 0 (control), 1, 2 or 3 °C (4 replicates per treatment) using IR-lamps over a period of 6 years. The soil was subsequently incubated under common conditions (20 °C and 50 % humidity) and labelled with NO315NH4 Gly, 15NO3NH4 Gly or NO3NH4 15N-Gly. Both inorganic N (NO3−NH4+) and NO32− contents were higher in soil subjected to the +2 and +3 °C temperature elevations. Analyses of N transformations using a 15N tracing model, showed that, following incubation, gross organic (and not inorganic) N transformation rates decreased in response to the prior soil warming treatment. This was also reflected in reduced N2O emissions associated with organic N oxidation and denitrification. A newly developed source partitioning model showed the importance of oxidation of organic N as a source of N2O. Concluding, long term soil warming can cause a legacy effect which diminishes organic N turn over and the release of N2O from organic N and denitrification.

Effects of long-term soil warming on nitrogen fluxes in forest soils

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erich Inselsbacher ◽  
Jakob Heinzle ◽  
Andreas Schindlbacher
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Soil Warming ◽  
N Fluxes

&lt;p&gt;Forests are the main contributors to the global terrestrial carbon (C) sink but several studies suggest that global warming could significantly reduce their CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; mitigation potential. The capacity of forest plants to sequester C is closely linked to soil nitrogen (N) availability, a major control of plant growth and ecosystem functioning. An increase of soil temperature caused by global change is critically affecting soil N supply rates, both directly by increasing diffusive N fluxes in the soil solution and indirectly by accelerating soil N turn-over rates. In recent short-term laboratory incubation studies, an increase in soil temperature has not only led to a significant increase in diffusive N fluxes but also to a concomitant shift in N quality available for plant uptake towards a higher portion of inorganic N forms compared to small organic N forms such as amino acids. However, until now long-term effects of soil warming on soil N fluxes have not been studied. Here, we present first results from a study on soil N availabilities at the long-term soil warming experimental site Achenkirch (Austria) in the Limestone Alps. This site is one of the few&lt;em&gt; in situ&lt;/em&gt; climate manipulation experiments operational for more than 10 years and has already provided a wealth of novel insights into the potential effects of global warming on forest ecosystem responses. Applying &lt;em&gt;in situ&lt;/em&gt; microdialysis, we estimated diffusive fluxes of inorganic N and amino acids along the growing season in soils warmed by resistance heating cables since 2005 (+4 &amp;#176;C compared to control plots) and control soils. Fluxes of all N forms were highly variable within each subplot (2 x 2 m) and reflected the high heterogeneity of soils at this forest site. Interestingly, fluxes of amino acids were less variable than of nitrate or ammonium throughout the year, indicating comparably stable protein depolymerization rates. In summary, long-term soil warming affected diffusive N fluxes but less than other factors operating on smaller (&lt; 1 cm) scales.&lt;/p&gt;

A 15N tracing model to analyse N transformations in old grassland soil

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Müller ◽  
R.J. Stevens ◽  
R.J. Laughlin
Keyword(s):  
Grassland Soil ◽  
N Transformations ◽  
15N Tracing ◽  
15N Tracing Model

Response to comments by Luxhøi et al. to the paper “A 15N tracing model to analyse N transformations…”

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 1007-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Müller ◽  
R. James Stevens ◽  
Ronald J. Laughlin
Keyword(s):  
N Transformations ◽  
15N Tracing ◽  
15N Tracing Model

Comments to ‘A 15N tracing model to analyse N transformations in old grassland soil’

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 1003-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesper Luxhøi ◽  
Bruno Mary ◽  
Lars S. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Grassland Soil ◽  
N Transformations ◽  
15N Tracing ◽  
15N Tracing Model

scholarly journals Effect of Organic Amendment Addition on Soil Properties, Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Grape Yield in Semi-Arid Vineyard Agroecosystems

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1477
Author(s):  
Antonio Marín-Martínez ◽  
Alberto Sanz-Cobeña ◽  
Mª Angeles Bustamante ◽  
Enrique Agulló ◽  
Concepción Paredes
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Organic N ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Grape Yield

In semi-arid vineyard agroecosystems, highly vulnerable in the context of climate change, the soil organic matter (OM) content is crucial to the improvement of soil fertility and grape productivity. The impact of OM, from compost and animal manure, on soil properties (e.g., pH, oxidisable organic C, organic N, NH4+-N and NO3−-N), grape yield and direct greenhouse gas (GHG) emission in vineyards was assessed. For this purpose, two wine grape varieties were chosen and managed differently: with a rain-fed non-trellising vineyard of Monastrell, a drip-irrigated trellising vineyard of Monastrell and a drip-irrigated trellising vineyard of Cabernet Sauvignon. The studied fertiliser treatments were without organic amendments (C), sheep/goat manure (SGM) and distillery organic waste compost (DC). The SGM and DC treatments were applied at a rate of 4600 kg ha−1 (fresh weight, FW) and 5000 kg ha−1 FW, respectively. The use of organic amendments improved soil fertility and grape yield, especially in the drip-irrigated trellising vineyards. Increased CO2 emissions were coincident with higher grape yields and manure application (maximum CO2 emissions = 1518 mg C-CO2 m−2 d−1). In contrast, N2O emissions, mainly produced through nitrification, were decreased in the plots showing higher grape production (minimum N2O emissions = −0.090 mg N2O-N m−2 d−1). In all plots, the CH4 fluxes were negative during most of the experiment (−1.073−0.403 mg CH4-C m−2 d−1), indicating that these ecosystems can represent a significant sink for atmospheric CH4. According to our results, the optimal vineyard management, considering soil properties, yield and GHG mitigation together, was the use of compost in a drip-irrigated trellising vineyard with the grape variety Monastrell.

Dynamics of nitrogen and dry-matter partitioning and accumulation in broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) in relation to extractable soil inorganic nitrogen

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Bowen ◽  
B. J. Zebarth ◽  
P. M. A. Toivonen
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Spring Planting ◽  
Extractable Soil ◽  
Soil Inorganic

The effects of six rates of N fertilization (0, 125, 250, 375, 500 and 625 kg N ha−1) on the dynamics of N utilization relative to extractable inorganic N in the soil profile were determined for broccoli in three growing seasons. The amount of pre-existing extractable inorganic N in the soil was lowest for the spring planting, followed by the early-summer then late-summer plantings. During the first 2 wk after transplanting, plant dry-matter (DM) and N accumulation rates were low, and because of the mineralization of soil organic N the extractable soil inorganic N increased over that added as fertilizer, especially in the top 30 cm. From 4 wk after transplanting until harvest, DM and N accumulation in the plants was rapid and corresponded to a rapid depletion of extractable inorganic N from the soil. At high N-fertilization rates, leaf and stem DM and N accumulations at harvest were similar among the three plantings. However, the rates of accumulation in the two summer plantings were higher before and lower after inflorescence initiation than those in the spring planting. Under N treatments of 0 and 125 kg ha−1, total N in leaf tissue and the rate of leaf DM accumulation decreased while inflorescences developed. There was little extractable inorganic soil-N during inflorescence development in plots receiving no N fertilizer, yet inflorescence dry weights and N contents were ≥50 and ≥30%, respectively, of the maxima achieved with N fertilization. These results indicate that substantial N is translocated from leaves to support broccoli inflorescence growth under conditions of low soil-N availability. Key words: N translocation, N fertilizer

Long-term spatiotemporal patterns of CH4 and N2O emissions from livestock and poultry production in Turkey

2009 ◽  
Vol 167 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 545-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Recep Kulcu ◽  
Kamil Ekinci ◽  
Fatih Evrendilek ◽  
Can Ertekin
Keyword(s):  
Spatiotemporal Patterns ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Ch4 And N2o

scholarly journals Trace gas fluxes of CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O in a permanent grassland soil exposed to elevated CO<sub>2</sub> in the Giessen FACE study

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 9333-9342 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kaleem Abbasi ◽  
C. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
15N Tracer ◽  
Organic N ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Ch4 Oxidation ◽  
N2o Production ◽  
N Application ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
N2o Fluxes

Abstract. Long-term field observations showed that N2O fluxes observed shortly after N application were not significantly affected by elevated CO2 in the Giessen Free Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment (FACE) study. To further investigate this unexpected result a 15N tracer study was carried out under controlled conditions where in parallel treatments either the NH4+ pool (15NH4NO3) or the NO3− pool (NH415NO3) was enriched with 15N. Fluxes of CO2, CH4, and N2O as well as the 15N enrichment of the N2O were measured. Denitrifying Enzyme Activity (DEA), total denitrification (N2 + N2O) and N2-to-N2O ratios were quantified in separate experiments. Over the 57 day incubation, N2O fluxes averaged 0.090 ng N2O-N g−1 h−1 under ambient and 0.083 ng N2O-N g−1 h−1 under elevated CO2 (not significantly different). The N2O production processes were identified by a two-source model. Results showed that N2O must have also been produced by a third source – possibly related to organic N transformation – which was stimulated by elevated CO2. Soil CO2 fluxes were approximately 20 % higher under elevated CO2 than soil from ambient but the differences were not significant. CH4 oxidation rates were on average −1.75 ng CH4-C g−1 h−1 in the elevated and −1.17 ng CH4-C g−1 h−1 in the ambient indicating that elevated CO2 increased the CH4 oxidation by 49 % compared to ambient CO2 under controlled conditions. N fertilization increased CH4 oxidation by 3-fold in both CO2 treatments. CO2 did not have any significant effect on DEA while total denitrification and N2-to-N2O ratios increased by 36 and 33 %, respectively. The results indicate that shortly after N application elevated CO2 must have stimulated both the N2O production and reduction to N2 to explain the increased N2-to-N2O ratio and at the same time explain the non-responsiveness of the N2O emissions. Thus, the observed variation of the CO2 effect on N2O emissions throughout the year is possibly governed by the dynamics of the N2O reductase activity.

scholarly journals Dynamic of nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon in an alpine forested catchment: atmospheric deposition and soil solution trends

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 41-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaella Balestrini ◽  
Carlo Andrea Delconte ◽  
Andrea Buffagni ◽  
Alessio Fumagalli ◽  
Michele Freppaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Forest Floor Leachates ◽  
Throughfall Deposition

A number of studies have reported decreasing trends of acidifying and N deposition inputs to forest areas throughout Europe and the USA in recent decades. There is a need to assess the responses of the ecosystem to declining atmospheric pollution by monitoring the variations of chemical species in the various compartments of the forest ecosystem on a long temporal scale. In this study, we report on patterns and trends in throughfall deposition concentrations of inorganic N, dissolved organic N (DON) and C (DOC) over a 20-year (1995–2015) period in the LTER site -Val Masino (1190 m a.s.l.), a spruce forest, in the Central Italian Alps. The same chemical species were studied in the litter floor leachates and mineral soil solution, at three different depths (15, 40 and 70 cm), over a 10-year period (2005–2015). Inorganic N concentration was drastically reduced as throughfall and litter floor leachates percolated through the topsoil, where the measured mean values (2 µeq L-1) were much lower than the critical limits established for coniferous stands (14 µeq L-1). The seasonal temperature dependence of throughfall DOC and DON concentration suggests that the microbial community living on the needles was the main source of dissolved organic matter. Most of DOC and DON infiltrating from the litter floor were retained in the mineral soil. The rainfall amount was the only climatic factor exerting a control on DOC and N compounds in throughfall and forest floor leachates over a decadal period. Concentration of SO4 and NO3 declined by 50% and 26% respectively in throughfall deposition. Trends of NO3 and SO4 in forest floor leachates and mineral soil solution mirrored declining depositions. No trends in both DON and DOC concentration and in DOC/DON ratio in soil solutions were observed. These outcomes suggest that the declining NO3 and SO4 atmospheric inputs did not influence the dynamic of DON and DOC in the Val Masino forest. The results of this study are particularly relevant, as they are based on a comprehensive survey of all the main compartments of the forest ecosystem. Moreover, this kind of long-term research has rarely been carried out in the Alpine region.

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