scholarly journals Viticulture microzoning: a functional approach aiming to grape and wine qualities

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1203-1237
Author(s):  
A. Bonfante ◽  
A. Agrillo ◽  
R. Albrizio ◽  
A. Basile ◽  
R. Buonomo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Plant Water Status ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Crop Water Stress Index ◽  
Wine Quality ◽  
Campania Region ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Crop Water Stress

Abstract. This paper aims to test a new physically oriented approach to viticulture zoning at the farm scale, strongly rooted on hydropedology and aiming to achieve a better use of environmental features with respect to plant requirement and wine production. The physics of our approach is defined by the use of soil-plant-atmosphere simulation models which applies physically-based equations to describe the soil hydrological processes and solves soil-plant water status. This study (ZOVISA project) was conducted in a farm devoted to high quality wines production (Aglianico DOC), located in South Italy (Campania region, Mirabella Eclano-AV). The soil spatial distribution was obtained after standard soil survey informed by geophysical survey. Two Homogenous Zones (HZs) were identified; in each one of those a physically based model was applied to solve the soil water balance and estimate the soil functional behaviour (crop water stress index, CWSI) defining the functional Homogeneous Zones (fHzs). In these last, experimental plots were established and monitored for investigating soil-plant water status, crop development (biometric and physiological parameters) and daily climate variables (temperature, solar radiation, rainfall, wind). The effects of crop water status on crop response over must and wine quality were then evaluated in the fHZs. This was performed by comparing crop water stress with (i) crop physiological measurement (leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, leaf water potential, chlorophyll content, LAI measurement), (ii) grape bunches measurements (berry weight, sugar content, titratable acidity, etc.) and (iii) wine quality (aromatic response). Eventually this experiment has proved the usefulness of the physical based approach also in the case of mapping viticulture microzoning.

scholarly journals Functional homogeneous zones (fHZs) in viticultural zoning procedure: an Italian case study on Aglianico vine

SOIL ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 427-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bonfante ◽  
A. Agrillo ◽  
R. Albrizio ◽  
A. Basile ◽  
R. Buonomo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Plant Water Status ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Crop Water Stress Index ◽  
Wine Quality ◽  
Campania Region ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Crop Water Stress

Abstract. This paper aims to test a new physically oriented approach to viticulture zoning at farm scale that is strongly rooted in hydropedology and aims to achieve a better use of environmental features with respect to plant requirements and wine production. The physics of our approach are defined by the use of soil–plant–atmosphere simulation models, applying physically based equations to describe the soil hydrological processes and solve soil–plant water status. This study (part of the ZOVISA project) was conducted on a farm devoted to production of high-quality wines (Aglianico DOC), located in southern Italy (Campania region, Mirabella Eclano, AV). The soil spatial distribution was obtained after standard soil survey informed by geophysical survey. Two homogeneous zones (HZs) were identified; in each one a physically based model was applied to solve the soil water balance and estimate the soil functional behaviour (crop water stress index, CWSI) defining the functional homogeneous zones (fHZs). For the second process, experimental plots were established and monitored for investigating soil–plant water status, crop development (biometric and physiological parameters) and daily climate variables (temperature, solar radiation, rainfall, wind). The effects of crop water status on crop response over must and wine quality were then evaluated in the fHZs. This was performed by comparing crop water stress with (i) crop physiological measurement (leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, leaf water potential, chlorophyll content, leaf area index (LAI) measurement), (ii) grape bunches measurements (berry weight, sugar content, titratable acidity, etc.) and (iii) wine quality (aromatic response). This experiment proved the usefulness of the physically based approach, also in the case of mapping viticulture microzoning.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Crop Water Stress Index as an Indicator for the Diagnosis of Grapevine Water Deficiency in Greenhouses

Horticulturae ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Chen Ru ◽  
Xiaotao Hu ◽  
Wene Wang ◽  
Hui Ran ◽  
Tianyuan Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Crop Water Stress Index ◽  
Water Stress Index ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Crop Water Stress

Precise irrigation management of grapevines in greenhouses requires a reliable method to easily quantify and monitor the grapevine water status to enable effective manipulation of the water stress of the plants. This study evaluated the applicability of crop water stress index (CWSI) based on the leaf temperature for diagnosing the grapevine water status. The experiment was conducted at Yuhe Farm (northwest China), with drip-irrigated grapevines under three irrigation treatments. Meteorological factors, soil moisture contents, leaf temperature, growth indicators including canopy coverage and fruit diameter, and physiological indicators including SPAD (relative chlorophyll content), stem water potential (φs), stomatal conductance (gs), and transpiration rate (E) were studied during the growing season. The results show that the relationship between the leaf-air temperature difference (Tc-Ta) and the plant water status indicators (φs, gs, E) were significant (P < 0.05), and the relationship between gs, E and Tc-Ta was the closest, with R2 values ranging from 0.530–0.604 and from 0.545–0.623, respectively. CWSI values are more easily observed on sunny days, and it was determined that 14:00 BJS is the best observation time for the CWSI value under different non-water-stressed baselines. There is a reliable linear correlation between the CWSI value and the soil moisture at 0–40 cm (P < 0.05), which could provide a reference when using the CWSI to diagnose the water status of plants. Compared with the Tc-Ta value, the CWSI could more accurately monitor the plant water status, and above the considered indictors, gs has the greatest correlation with the CWSI.

Crop water stress index derived from multi-year ground and aerial thermal images as an indicator of potato water status

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronit Rud ◽  
Y. Cohen ◽  
V. Alchanatis ◽  
A. Levi ◽  
R. Brikman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Crop Water Stress Index ◽  
Thermal Images ◽  
Water Stress Index ◽  
Crop Water Stress

scholarly journals Determination of Crop Water Stress Index by Infrared Thermometry in Grapefruit Trees Irrigated with Saline Reclaimed Water Combined with Deficit Irrigation

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Romero-Trigueros ◽  
José María Bayona Gambín ◽  
Pedro Antonio Nortes Tortosa ◽  
Juan José Alarcón Cabañero ◽  
Emilio Nicolás Nicolás
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Crop Water Stress Index ◽  
Infrared Thermometry ◽  
Water Stress Index ◽  
Thermal Indicators ◽  
Crop Water Stress

Water is not always accessible for agriculture due to its scarcity. In order to successfully develop irrigation strategies that optimize water productivity characterization of the plant, the water status is necessary. We assessed the suitability of thermal indicators by infrared thermometry (IRT) to determine the water status of grapefruit in a commercial orchard with long term irrigation using saline reclaimed water (RW) and regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) in Southeastern Spain. The results showed that Tc-Ta differences were positive in a wide range of vapor pressure deficits (VPD), and the major Tc-Ta were found at 10.00 GMT, before and after the highest daily values of VPD and solar radiation, respectively, were reached. In addition, we evaluated the relationships between Tc-Ta and VPD to establish the Non-Water Stressed Baselines (NWSBs), which are necessary to accurately calculate the crop water stress index (CWSI). Two important findings were found, which include i) the best significant correlations (p < 0.005) found at 10.00 GMT and their slopes were positive, and ii) NWSBs showed a marked hourly and seasonal variation. The hourly shift was mainly explained by the variation in solar radiation since both the NWSB-slope and the NWSB-intercept were significantly correlated with a zenith solar angle (θZ) (p < 0.005). The intercept was greater when θZ was close to 0 (at midday) and the slope displayed a marked hysteresis throughout the day, increasing in the morning and decreasing in the afternoon. The NWSBs determination, according to the season improved most of their correlation coefficients. In addition, the relationship significance of Tc-Ta versus VPD was higher in the period where the intercept and Tc-Ta were low. CWSI was the thermal indicator that showed the highest level of agreement with the stem water potential of the different treatments even though Tc and Tc-Ta were also significantly correlated. We highlight the suitability of thermal indicators measured by IRT to determine the water status of grapefruits under saline (RW) and water stress (RDI) conditions.

Using a crop water stress index based on a sap flow method to estimate water status in conilon coffee plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 241 ◽  
pp. 106343
Author(s):  
Afonso Zucolotto Venturin ◽  
Claudinei Martins Guimarães ◽  
Elias Fernandes de Sousa ◽  
José Altino Machado Filho ◽  
Weverton Pereira Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Sap Flow ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Crop Water Stress Index ◽  
Flow Method ◽  
Water Stress Index ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Crop Water Stress

Sensitivity and variability of soil and plant water stress indicators in response to withholding and resuming irrigation cycles in sweet cherry trees 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro José Blaya-Ros ◽  
Víctor Blanco ◽  
Roque Torres-Sánchez ◽  
Rafael Domingo
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Plant Water Status ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Crop Water Stress Index ◽  
Stress Indicators ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
Stress Indicator ◽  
Cherry Trees

&lt;p&gt;Reduced water availability is the main limiting factor for crop production in semi-arid and arid regions. For this reason, irrigation water management needs to be based on reliable information and data that are rapidly and easily acquired. The aim of the present study was to assess the sensitivity and variability of several soil and plant water status indicators in response to two cycles of withholding and resuming irrigation in sweet cherry trees. The experiment was carried out during the summers of 2018 and 2019 in an experimental orchard of sweet cherry trees [&lt;em&gt;Prunus avium&lt;/em&gt; (L.) &amp;#8216;Lapins&amp;#8217;] in SE Spain. Three irrigation treatments were studied: control, CTL, irrigated to ensure non-limiting soil water conditions (115% ETc) and two water stress treatments, medium water stress, MS, and severe water stress, SS. The threshold values of midday stem water potential (&amp;#936;&lt;sub&gt;stem&lt;/sub&gt;) proposed to the first and second drought period for MS trees were -1.3 and -1.7 MPa and for SS trees were -1.6 and -2.5 MPa. After every irrigation withholding period, MS and SS trees were fully irrigated until reaching Y&lt;sub&gt;stem&lt;/sub&gt; values of CTL trees. The experimental design was a completely randomized block design with three blocks per treatment. Soil and plant water status were assessed by measuring the soil volumetric water content (&amp;#952;v), the &amp;#936;&lt;sub&gt;stem&lt;/sub&gt;, the daily trunk growth rate (TGR), the maximum daily trunk shrinkage (MDS), the temperature of the canopy (Tc), the difference between Tc and air temperature (&amp;#916;T) and the crop water stress index (CWSI). The signal intensity (SI), the coefficient of variation (CV) and the sensitivity (S = SI/CV) of &amp;#952;v, &amp;#936;&lt;sub&gt;stem&lt;/sub&gt;, MDS and Tc were determined.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#952;v at 25 cm dropped significantly during the drought periods. &amp;#936;&lt;sub&gt;stem&lt;/sub&gt; of MS and SS trees reached minimum values close to those thresholds proposed both years of study. MDS and TGR had a rapid response to the irrigation regimen applied. Tc, &amp;#916;T and CWSI increased as an effect of the stomatal closure. &amp;#936;&lt;sub&gt;stem&lt;/sub&gt; and Tc were the water stress indicators with the highest sensitivity. MDS showed SI values greater than that of &amp;#936;&lt;sub&gt;stem&lt;/sub&gt; and Tc, although it also had greater variability (CV&lt;sub&gt;MDS&lt;/sub&gt; &amp;#8776; 29%). &amp;#936;&lt;sub&gt;stem&lt;/sub&gt; showed high SI values and low CV both study years. When the linear relationships between &amp;#936;&lt;sub&gt;stem&lt;/sub&gt; and the other plant water status indicators were calculated, it was observed that the Pearson correlation coefficients exceeded 0.75 in all cases, except for TGR. The relationship obtained between MDS and &amp;#936;&lt;sub&gt;stem&lt;/sub&gt; was linear from &amp;#8722;0.5 MPa to a threshold value of around &amp;#8722;1.3 MPa, from that value onwards, &amp;#936;&lt;sub&gt;stem&lt;/sub&gt; decreases were not related to MDS values. In contrast, &amp;#916;T and CWSI were always linearly related to &amp;#936;&lt;sub&gt;stem&lt;/sub&gt;. These results suggest that: i) MDS could be used as a water stress indicator up to moderate water deficit; ii) &amp;#936;&lt;sub&gt;stem&lt;/sub&gt; is a sensitive water stress indicator with low variability; and iii) the thermal indicators (Tc, &amp;#916;T and CWSI) can rapidly and easily assess sweet cherry tree water status.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This study was funded by the Spanish Economy and Competitiveness Ministry (AGL2013-49047-C2-1-R; AGL2016-77282-C33-R).&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Feasibility of Low-Cost Thermal Imaging for Monitoring Water Stress in Young and Mature Sweet Cherry Trees

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 5461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro José Blaya-Ros ◽  
Víctor Blanco ◽  
Rafael Domingo ◽  
Fulgencio Soto-Valles ◽  
Roque Torres-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Plant Water Status ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Crop Water Stress Index ◽  
Cherry Trees

Infrared thermography has been introduced as an affordable tool for plant water status monitoring, especially in regions where water availability is the main limiting factor in agricultural production. This paper outlines the potential applications of low-cost thermal imaging devices to evaluate the water status of young and mature sweet cherry trees (Prunus avium L.) submitted to water stress. Two treatments per plot were assayed: (i) a control treatment irrigated to ensure non-limiting soil water conditions; and (ii) a water-stress treatment. The seasonal evolution of the temperature of the canopy (Tc) and the difference between Tc and air temperature (ΔT) were compared and three thermal indices were calculated: crop water stress index (CWSI), degrees above control treatment (DAC) and degrees above non-water-stressed baseline (DANS). Midday stem water potential (Ψstem) was used as the reference indicator of water stress and linear relationships of Tc, ΔT, CWSI, DAC and DANS with Ψstem were discussed in order to assess their sensitivity to quantify water stress. CWSI and DANS exhibited strong relationships with Ψstem and two regression lines to young and mature trees were found. The promising results obtained highlight that using low-cost infrared thermal devices can be used to determine the plant water status in sweet cherry trees.

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