scholarly journals Evolution of the firn pack of Kaskawulsh Glacier, Yukon: meltwater effects, densification, and the development of a perennial firn aquifer

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 2021-2040
Author(s):  
Naomi E. Ochwat ◽  
Shawn J. Marshall ◽  
Brian J. Moorman ◽  
Alison S. Criscitiello ◽  
Luke Copland
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Surface Energy Balance ◽  
Average Surface ◽  
The Past ◽  
Geodetic Mass Balance ◽  
Ice Content ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Associated Mass ◽  
Made In

Abstract. In spring 2018, two firn cores (21 and 36 m in length) were extracted from the accumulation zone of Kaskawulsh Glacier, St. Elias Mountains, Yukon. The cores were analyzed for ice layer stratigraphy and density and compared against historical measurements made in 1964 and 2006. Deep meltwater percolation and refreezing events were evident in the cores, with a total ice content of 2.33±0.26 m in the 36 m core and liquid water discovered below a depth of 34.5 m. Together with the observed ice content, surface energy balance and firn modelling indicate that Kaskawulsh Glacier firn retained about 86 % of its meltwater in the years 2005–2017. For an average surface ablation of 0.38 m w.e. yr−1 over this period, an estimated 0.28 m w.e. yr−1 refroze in the firn, 0.05 m w.e. yr−1 was retained as liquid water, and 0.05 m w.e. yr−1 drained or ran off. The refrozen meltwater is associated with a surface lowering of 0.73±0.23 m between 2005 and 2017 (i.e., surface drawdown that has no associated mass loss). The firn has become denser and more ice-rich since the 1960s and contains a perennial firn aquifer (PFA), which may have developed over the past decade. This illustrates how firn may be evolving in response to climate change in the St. Elias Mountains, provides firn density information required for geodetic mass balance calculations, and is the first documented PFA in the Yukon–Alaska region.

scholarly journals A Meta-Analysis of Osteosarcoma Outcomes in the Modern Medical Era

Sarcoma ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Allison ◽  
Scott C. Carney ◽  
Elke R. Ahlmann ◽  
Andrew Hendifar ◽  
Sant Chawla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Recent Decade ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Recurrence Rates ◽  
Treatment Progress ◽  
The Past ◽  
Significant Survival ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Made In

Four decades ago, specialized chemotherapy regimens turned osteosarcoma, once considered a uniformly fatal disease, into a disease in which a majority of patients survive. Though significant survival gains were made from the 1960s to the 1980s, further outcome improvements appear to have plateaued. This study aims to comprehensively review all significant, published data regarding osteosarcoma and outcome in the modern medical era in order to gauge treatment progress. Our results indicate that published survival improved dramatically from 1960s to 1980s and then leveled, or in some measures decreased. Recurrence rates decreased in the 1970s and then leveled. In contrast, published limb salvage rates have increased significantly every recent decade until the present. Though significant gains have been made in the past, no improvement in published osteosarcoma survival has been seen since 1980, highlighting the importance of a new strategy in the systemic management of this still very lethal condition.

scholarly journals Glacier variations and climate change in the central Himalaya over the past few decades

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 218-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiawen Ren ◽  
Zhefan Jing ◽  
Jianchen Pu ◽  
Xiang Qin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Central Himalaya ◽  
Mount Everest ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Glacier Terminus ◽  
Glacier Variation ◽  
South Slope ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractGlacier variation is one of many indicators of climate change. Repeat measurements of the glacier terminus positions for selected glaciers in the central Himalaya document that they have been in a state of continuous retreat over the past few decades. Since the 1960s the average retreat rate on the north slope of Qomolangma (Mount Everest) is 5.5–9.5ma-1 and on Xixiabangma it is 4.0–5.2ma-1. Many glaciers on the south slope of the central Himalaya have been in retreat, and recently their retreat rate has accelerated. Ice-core studies show that the annual accumulation on these glaciers has fluctuated, but over the last century it has declined. It decreased rapidly in the 1960s and has remained consistently below the long-term mean thereafter. Meteorological station records indicate that the annual mean temperature in the region has slowly increased, particularly during the summer months. The strongest warming has occurred in the last 30 years. These data suggest that the current glacier retreat is due to the combined effect of reduced precipitation and warmer temperatures, and, if these conditions continue, the glaciers in the region will continue to shrink.

Reflections of faraway places: the Chalcolithic personal ornaments of Canhasan I

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 29-49
Author(s):  
Emma L. Baysal
Keyword(s):  
The Past ◽  
Material Sources ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Central Turkey ◽  
First Time ◽  
Made In

AbstractExcavations during the 1960s of the site of Canhasan I in Karaman province in central Turkey revealed that the Chalcolithic ornaments of the region were both complex and varied. The ornaments of the site, consisting of beads (including pendants and plaques), bracelets and plugs or labrets, were made in many forms and from a variety of different materials, and thus hint at a connected world where ideas, resources and products moved from one place to another. While a catalogue of some of the artefacts has been produced previously (French 2010), this article details these ornaments and considers their temporal and geographical positions within the history of beads, bracelets and other decorative items for the first time. It explores legacies from the past, new fashions and the complicated relationships between material sources, technology, forms, style and use during a period and in an artefact category that have often been overlooked.

An experiment in space and time: Remaking the missing Doctor Who episode ‘Mission to the Unknown’

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-333
Author(s):  
Philip Braithwaite
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Doctor Who ◽  
The Past ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The University ◽  
Made In ◽  
As If

In the 1960s, the majority of Doctor Who (1963–89, 1996, 2005–present) episodes were wiped or lost. Students and staff at the University of Central Lancashire recently took on the challenge of remaking the missing Doctor Who episode ‘Mission to the Unknown’ (1965). The goal was to faithfully recreate the episode in a way that lays a claim to authenticity. This article examines the process and product and asks, with reference to television historiography, whether it achieves its goal of authenticity and what ‘authenticity’ might mean in this context. Ellis and others discuss the estrangement felt when viewing television from earlier decades. This article discusses the ‘feedback loop’ involved in knowing that the episode was made recently whilst assessing it as if it had been made in the past. The estrangement the viewer feels is therefore a sign that the episode is succeeding in its task of staying authentic to its era. But is it possible to completely abandon the knowledge of its contemporary production and lose oneself to the experience of viewing?

scholarly journals Winter Stoneflies of Illinois (Insecta: Plecoptera)

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (1-5) ◽  
pp. 195-274
Author(s):  
Donald W. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Generalist Species ◽  
The Past ◽  
Illinois Natural History Survey ◽  
Habitat Specialists ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
History Survey ◽  
Made In

Winter stoneflies (Insecta: Plecoptera) are an aquatic group of insects whose adults emerge in IIlinois from late November to early April. Twenty-one species have been reported from Illinois. Extensive collections of winter stoneflies were made in Illinois during the 1920s and 1930s by Frison, the 1960s by Ross and “the winter stonefly club’, and the 1990s by Webb. These specimens are housed in the Insect Collection of the Illinois Natural History Survey and allowed for an evaluation of the current status of these species following a century of environmental change.Over the past century (1900-2000), the species diversity of winter stoneflies averaged 2.5 species per county with species reported from every county but 3 (Carroll, DuPage, Ford) and with 10 counties recording 5 or more species. Pope County (13 species) reported the greatest species diversity. During the recent resurvey (1976-2000), species diversity average 1.9 species per county withspecimens not collected in 11 counties, and only 3 counties (Hardin, Pope, and Saline) exhibited 5 or more species.Four species are considered extirpated from Illinois: Allocapnia illinoensis, Nemocapnia carolina, Paracapnia angulata, and Taeniopteryx parvula. Seven species were found to be common (known from more than 15 localities): Allocapnia forbesi, A. granulata, A. mystica, A. rickeri, A. vivipara, Taeniopteryx burksi, and T: nivalis. Four species are considered uncommon (known from 4—15localities): Allocapnia recta, Strophopteryx fasciata, Taeniopteryx metequi and Zealeuctra claasseni. Six species are considered rare (known from 1-3 localities): Allocapnia nivicola, A. smithi, Prostoia completa, Taeniopteryx lita, Zealeuctra fraxina, and Z. narfi. Significantly reduced patterns of distribution were noted in three species: A. granulata, A. mystica, and Strophopteryx fasciata. OnlyTaeniopteryx nivalis, previously rare, is now spreading its distribution across northern Illinois.There has been a modest decline during the past century in the diversity of stonefly species within various counties. Also, a trend was observed toward an increase in pollution-tolerant, “generalist” species with a decrease in pollution-sensitive, habitat “specialists.”

scholarly journals The Discourses of the Sinking Villages in Demak: The Social Relation between Humans and Nature

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 07050
Author(s):  
Suwarno Peter ◽  
Nurhayati Nurhayati
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Social Relation ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Economic Environment ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Made In

Stories of climate change and its impacts on human life that have been reported in various media supports arguments that it is largely man-made. In many Indonesian communities, however, this disaster that alters cultural, social, and economic environment is often viewed as a natural phenomenon. This paper analyzes expressions of the experiences of local Indonesian inhabitants and media reporters using discourse analysis. The selected texts in the reports mostly focus on expressions concerning how the inhabitants dealt with the ever-increasing tidal flood that engulfed their dwellings and communities. The analysis reveal that stories on their experiences contain words and themes representing their views of natural phenomenon that created memories of the past and uncertain plans for the futures. Different types and class of words they express not only represent grieving for loss of livelihood, but also, more importantly, embody efforts to make the best of what is left, including changing the inundated district into a tourism site.

scholarly journals Environmental policy-making in New Zealand, 1978-2013

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Resource Management ◽  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Present State ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Made In

This article examines the ways in which key environmental policies have been made in the past, and reflects on the present state of play with respect to these policies. The article draws on my experience with the Environmental Defence Society (EDS) since 1978 and the reflections are personal ones. The issues covered are: government agencies; climate change; oceans; freshwater; and resource management law. The objective of this discussion is to see if the past illuminates the present in any useful way. 

Invention by evolution: Functional analysis in paleobiology

Paleobiology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 26 (S4) ◽  
pp. 305-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy E. Plotnick ◽  
Tomasz K. Baumiller
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Artificial Life ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Trace Fossils ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mode Of Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Made In

Functional analysis of fossils is and should remain a key component of paleobiological research. Despite recently expressed doubts, conceptual and methodological developments over the past 25 years indicate that robust and testable claims about function can be produced. Functional statements can be made in at least three different hierarchical contexts, corresponding to the degree of structural information available, the position in the phylogenetic hierarchy, and the degree of anatomical specificity. The paradigm approach, which dominated thinking about function in the 1960s and 1970s, has been supplanted with a methodology based on biomechanics. Paleobiomechanics does not assume optimality in organismal design, but determines whether structures werecapableof carrying out a given function. The paradigm approach can best be viewed as a way of generating, rather than testing, functional hypotheses. Hypotheses about function can also be developed and supported by well-corroborated phylogenetic arguments. Additional functional evidence can be derived from studies of trace fossils and of taphonomy. New computer techniques, including “Artificial Life” studies, have the potential for producing far more detailed ideas about function and mode of life than have been previously possible. Functional analysis remains the basis for studies of the history of adaptation. It is also an essential component of many paleoecological and paleoenvironmental studies.

scholarly journals Revitalizing Traditional Agricultural Practices: Conscious Efforts to Create a More Satisfying Culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 11424
Author(s):  
Johanna Dahlin ◽  
Elin Svensson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Traditional Practices ◽  
The Past ◽  
Traditional Agricultural Practices ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Ways Of Life ◽  
Contemporary Context ◽  
Made In

This paper investigates how non-industrial agrarian traditions and practices are reworked and recontextualized in a contemporary context. Explorative in its nature, the paper uses in depth interviews with practitioners in eastern Sweden, several of whom are engaged in work to keep practices of the past alive, to discuss how the concept of revitalization can bear on sustainability. Traditional practices are revived as an alternative to industrialized agriculture, and as having a bearing on resilient cultivation systems as well as social relations. They are seen as means of increasing food security and reversing the negative biodiversity development caused by increased monoculture. We understand tradition as a process of negotiation and adaptation to the present, where revivals to some extent necessarily change the traditions that they attempt to revive. Tradition is thus a dynamic concept, always made in the present, never fixed but constantly evolving. In the challenges created by climate change and environmental degradation, it is increasingly voiced that true sustainability requires a transformation of the cultural system. In many cases, people are turning to tradition for sustainable alternatives to industrialized ways of life and to protect a diversity threatened by a dominant and unsustainable lifestyle.

A history of botanical collections in the Luangwa Valley, Zambia

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-291
Author(s):  
P.S.M. PHIRI ◽  
D.M. MOORE
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Peak Activity ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Made In

Central Africa remained botanically unknown to the outside world up to the end of the eighteenth century. This paper provides a historical account of plant explorations in the Luangwa Valley. The first plant specimens were collected in 1897 and the last serious botanical explorations were made in 1993. During this period there have been 58 plant collectors in the Luangwa Valley with peak activity recorded in the 1960s. In 1989 1,348 species of vascular plants were described in the Luangwa Valley. More botanical collecting is needed with a view to finding new plant taxa, and also to provide a satisfactory basis for applied disciplines such as ecology, phytogeography, conservation and environmental impact assessment.

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