scholarly journals Large-eddy simulation of airborne wind energy farms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Haas ◽  
Jochem De Schutter ◽  
Moritz Diehl ◽  
Johan Meyers
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Model Predictive Controller ◽  
Large Eddy ◽  
Power Yield ◽  
Predictive Controller ◽  
Utility Scale ◽  
Turbulent Flow Conditions

Abstract. The future utility-scale deployment of airborne wind energy technologies requires the development of large-scale multi-megawatt systems. This study aims at quantifying the interaction between the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) and large-scale airborne wind energy systems operating in a farm. To that end, we present a virtual flight simulator combining large-eddy simulations to simulate turbulent flow conditions and optimal control techniques for flight-path generation and tracking. The two-way coupling between flow and system dynamics is achieved by implementing an actuator sector method that we pair to a model predictive controller. In this study, we consider ground-based power generation pumping-mode AWE systems (lift-mode AWES) and on-board power generation AWE systems (drag-mode AWES). For the lift-mode AWES, we additionally investigate different reel-out strategies to reduce the interaction between the tethered wing and its own wake. Further, we investigate AWE parks consisting of 25 systems organized in 5 rows of 5 systems. For both lift- and drag-mode archetypes, we consider a moderate park layout with a power density of 10 MW km−2 achieved at a rated wind speed of 12 m s−1. For the drag-mode AWES, an additional park with denser layout and power density of 28 MW km−2 is also considered. The model predictive controller achieves very satisfactory flight-path tracking despite the AWE systems operating in fully waked, turbulent flow conditions. Furthermore, we observe significant wake effects for the utility-scale AWE systems considered in the study. Wake-induced performance losses increase gradually through the downstream rows of systems and reach in the last row of the parks up to 17 % for the lift-mode AWE park and up to 25 % and 45 % for the moderate and dense drag-mode AWE parks, respectively. For an operation period of 60 minutes at a below-rated reference wind speed of 10 m s−1, the lift-mode AWE park generates about 84.4 MW of power, corresponding to 82.5 % of the power yield expected when AWE systems operate ideally and interaction with the ABL is negligible. For the drag-mode AWE parks, the moderate and dense layouts generate about 86.0 MW and 72.9 MW of power, respectively, corresponding to 89.2 % and 75.6 % of the ideal power yield.

Investigation on hydrodynamic forces leading to coarse particle entrainment using Large-Eddy Simulations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaston Latessa ◽  
Angela Busse ◽  
Manousos Valyrakis
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Large Eddy Simulations ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Particle Entrainment ◽  
Large Eddy

<p>The prediction of particle motion in a fluid flow environment presents several challenges from the quantification of the forces exerted by the fluid onto the solids -normally with fluctuating behaviour due to turbulence- and the definition of the potential particle entrainment from these actions. An accurate description of these phenomena has many practical applications in local scour definition and to the design of protection measures.</p><p>In the present work, the actions of different flow conditions on sediment particles is investigated with the aim to translate these effects into particle entrainment identification through analytical solid dynamic equations.</p><p>Large Eddy Simulations (LES) are an increasingly practical tool that provide an accurate representation of both the mean flow field and the large-scale turbulent fluctuations. For the present case, the forces exerted by the flow are integrated over the surface of a stationary particle in the streamwise (drag) and vertical (lift) directions, together with the torques around the particle’s centre of mass. These forces are validated against experimental data under the same bed and flow conditions.</p><p>The forces are then compared against threshold values, obtained through theoretical equations of simple motions such as rolling without sliding. Thus, the frequency of entrainment is related to the different flow conditions in good agreement with results from experimental sediment entrainment research.</p><p>A thorough monitoring of the velocity flow field on several locations is carried out to determine the relationships between velocity time series at several locations around the particle and the forces acting on its surface. These results a relevant to determine ideal locations for flow investigation both in numerical and physical experiments.</p><p>Through numerical experiments, a large number of flow conditions were simulated obtaining a full set of actions over a fixed particle sitting on a smooth bed. These actions were translated into potential particle entrainment events and validated against experimental data. Future work will present the coupling of these LES models with Discrete Element Method (DEM) models to verify the entrainment phenomena entirely from a numerical perspective.</p>

scholarly journals System Dynamics Simulation of Large-Scale Generation System for Designing Wind Power Policy in China

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linna Hou
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
System Dynamics ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency

This paper focuses on the impacts of renewable energy policy on a large-scale power generation system, including thermal power, hydropower, and wind power generation. As one of the most important clean energy, wind energy has been rapidly developed in the world. But in recent years there is a serious waste of wind power equipment and investment in China leading to many problems in the industry from wind power planning to its integration. One way overcoming the difficulty is to analyze the influence of wind power policy on a generation system. This paper builds a system dynamics (SD) model of energy generation to simulate the results of wind energy generation policies based on a complex system. And scenario analysis method is used to compare the effectiveness and efficiency of these policies. The case study shows that the combinations of lower portfolio goal and higher benchmark price and those of higher portfolio goal and lower benchmark price have large differences in both effectiveness and efficiency. On the other hand, the combinations of uniformly lower or higher portfolio goal and benchmark price have similar efficiency, but different effectiveness. Finally, an optimal policy combination can be chosen on the basis of policy analysis in the large-scale power system.

Environmental criteria for site selection of wind power projects in South Korea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Yoon Park ◽  
Young-Joon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Site Selection ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Onshore Wind ◽  
Environmental Criteria

<p>Wind energy represents the leading source of renewable energy in many developed countries. South Korea has recently introduced large-scale programs to promote the transition from fossil fuels and nuclear power to renewable energy as a source of power. The Korean government has set an energy policy goal to increase the ratio of renewable energy to 20% by 2030. To this end, it is necessary to supply renewable energy facilities with a total capacity of 48.7GW including 30.8GW of photovoltaic power generation and 16.5GW of wind power generation by the target year. Accordingly, we should plan now for the regulation of the location to meet this developing need. However, in South Korea, forests cover 63% of the country's land area so that there is a limit to find a location for the installation of large-scale power generation facilities without occupying forest lands. For example, it is mainly located in forests or farmlands where land costs are relatively low, resulting in a decrease in forest resources and negative impacts on ecosystems and landscapes. Renewable energyexpansion planning should ensure that environmental criteria, of the type outlined in this study, are given appropriate considerations in onshore wind power project site selection. Many of the more problematic wind power sites are best left mountainous forest under the natural conditions, because the environmental or related social impacts are likely to be unacceptably high. Obviously, no plans are likely to be more environmentally desirable in those cases. The alternatives for onshore wind power siting considered the environmental criteria to achieve the goal of wind energy will be suggested.</p>

Mixed Logical Dynamical Nonlinear Model Predictive Controller for Large‐Scale Solar Fields

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1881-1891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Araújo Elias ◽  
Paulo Renato Costa Mendes ◽  
Júlio Elias Normey‐Rico
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Model ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Model Predictive Controller ◽  
Predictive Controller ◽  
Mixed Logical Dynamical

scholarly journals Another Pathway to Large-Scale Power Generation: Concentrating Solar Power

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Mehos
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Distributed Generation ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Concentrating Solar Power ◽  
Utility Scale ◽  
Transmission And Distribution ◽  
Generation Technology

Photovoltaics is not the only means of using sunlight to generate electricity. Another major solar technology is called “concentrating solar power” or CSP. CSP technologies use concentrating optics to generate high temperatures that are used to drive conventional steam or gas turbines. CSP is generally considered a central generation technology, rather than a source of distributed generation. That is, a large amount of power is generated in one location, with transmission and distribution to the various points of use, rather than generating small amounts of the power at numerous points of use. Because of this feature, CSP is predominantly a utility-scale source of power.

scholarly journals Potential for Rooftop-Mounted PV Power Generation to Meet Domestic Electrical Demand in Saudi Arabia: Case Study of a Villa in Jeddah

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 4411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulsalam S. Alghamdi
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
National Level ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
The Government ◽  
Electrical Demand

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has a large solar and wind energy resource. Through its Vision 2030 to exploit such resources, KSA is planning to install 9.5 GW of renewable energy power generation systems by 2030, through a mix of solar and wind energy. The government is planning to invest 109 billion US$ over the next 20 years for solar energy. The focus will be on solar photovoltaic (PV) and concentrated solar technologies at a national level. So far, the electricity demand in KSA is almost entirely dependent on fossil fuels for generating power. This paper addresses the potential to utilize the solar radiation resource at a different scale and reduce the power demand from the grid, bringing collateral benefits for householders and the government alike. The work presents the results from monitoring the electricity consumption of two typical domestic buildings (villas) in Jeddah, KSA. The electricity consumption observations were associated with indoor environmental conditions to study how and when cooling demand affects final demand. The study investigated options to serve the observed demand profile of the villas with simulated power generation from arrays of PV panels installed on two buildings’ roofs. Finally, a model of dynamic solar radiation simulation was developed to assess the hourly electricity generation, and a cost-benefit analysis was conducted for different capacity PV systems scenarios. The results indicate that locally used rooftop PV output could reduce the household electrical demand from the grid by around 80% at the housing level and in combination with building refurbishment solutions, could result in additional energy savings. The economic analysis discusses the implications of a proposed feed-in tariff with the associated payback periods and ROI, as well as proposals for PV system deployment at a large scale on the roof of buildings in KSA.

scholarly journals Assessment of wind energy resources in Nigeria – a case study of north-western region of Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boluwaji Olomiyesan ◽  
Onyedi Oyedum ◽  
Paulinus Ugwuoke ◽  
Matthew Abolarin
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wind Power Generation ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Wind Potential ◽  
Wind Energy Resources

This study assesses the wind-energyresources in Nigeria by reviewing the existing literature on the subject matter, and also evaluates the wind potential in six locations in the northwest region of the country. Twenty-two years’ (1984 – 2005) wind speed data obtained from the Nigerian Meteorological Agencies (NIMET) were used in this study.Weibull two-parameter and other statistical models were employed in this analysis. Wind speed distribution across Nigeria shows that some locations in the northern part of the country are endowed with higher wind potential than others in the southern part of the country. Moreover, assessment of the wind-energy resources in the study locations reveals that wind energy potential in the region is lowest in Yelwa and highest in Kano; WPD varies from 28.30 Wm-2 to 483.72Wm-2 at 10 m AGL, 45.33 Wm-2 to 775.19 Wm-2 at 30 m AGL and 56.43 Wm-2 to 964.77 Wm-2 at 50 m AGL.Thus Kano, Sokoto and Katsina are suitable for large-scale wind power generation, while Gusau is suitable for small-scale wind power generation; whereas Yelwa and Kaduna may not be suitable for wind power production because of their poor wind potential.

Wind Energy Electrical Power Generation Industry Life Cycle - Impact of Modern Materials Systems on Economic Viability

2008 ◽  
Vol 380 ◽  
pp. 43-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Dismukes ◽  
Lawrence K. Miller ◽  
Andrew Solocha ◽  
John A. Bers
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Electrical Power Generation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Radical Innovation ◽  
Theory And Practice

This study addresses past, current and future development of the wind electrical power industry, that began prior to 1890 in Cleveland, Ohio and Askov, Denmark. Overcoming technological, business, societal and political hurdles required approximately 120 years of exploration to establish wind electricity generation as a radical innovation entering the acceleration stage of the industrial technology life cycle. Materials and integrated materials systems featuring mechanical, structural, fluid dynamic, electrical, electronic, and telecommunications functionality developed and introduced over that period have contributed uniquely to current commercial viability of wind turbine electrical power generation. Further growth and maturation is expected to continue to ≈ 2100, corresponding to a life cycle of ≅ 210 years. This finding has profound implications for radical innovation theory and practice, since historical analysis attributes a 50-60 year life cycle for 5 industrial revolutions, and emerging theory anticipates acceleration of radical innovation, as discussed in companion papers in this conference. Rapid growth in installed capacity of large scale wind turbines (>1MW) now positions wind electrical power generation in the Acceleration Stage, characterized by market competition between dominant wind turbine designs and societal acceptance by wind energy communities of practice in Europe, North America and Asia. Technical cost model based learning curve projections of Cost of Electricity (COE) suggest that by 2020 COE from wind will be competitive, without tax incentives, with electricity from conventional fossil and nuclear fuel sources. Capture by wind energy of up to 20% of the world electricity market appears likely by the end of the 21st Century.

Application of Wind Energy Source to Large Scale Desalination System Prefeasibility Analysis-Investigation of Wind Power Potential in Coastal Areas of Tamilnadu

2013 ◽  
Vol 768 ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
B. Shanthi Saravana ◽  
V. Rajini
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Power Demand ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Grid Connection

The total power demand in our country is increasing every year because of the increasing population. Conventional energy sources are limited by the constraints such as emission of CO2, increasing price of oil etc. To increase the power generation we need to go for non conventional energy sources among which wind energy is available in abundance. This paper discusses the possibility of using wind energy for the stand alone large scale applications eliminating the constraints on the grid connection. This is the pre feasibility study of wind power generation by analyzing the daily wind patterns in the coastal areas. This forms a good base for analyzing the feasibility of standalone wind system to large scale applications. HOMER software is used as an optimization tool. From the results Chennai has better energy density and Tutukurin has higher capacity factor. The study makes it feasible to next step in analyzing the feasibility of implementing a standalone desalination unit in coastal regions of Tamilnadu.

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